Characterisation of pulverised palm kernel shell for sustainable waste diversification

Abstract

The paper presents a report on the physico-thermal properties and elemental composition of pulverized palm kernel shell to enhance its use in engineering applications. Clean palm kernel shell were dried, milled and screened to obtain particles 0.23 mm mean diameter. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the physical and thermal properties of the pulverized palm kernel shell and its differential thermal analysis. Its elemental composition was determined by X-Ray Fluorescent analysis. Test results showed that pulverized palm kernel shell consist mainly of non-ferrous metals. Its bulk density was 560 kg/m3; specific gravity, 1.26. Its thermal properties were characterized by thermal conductivity of 0.68 W/m K; specific heat capacity, 1.98 kj/kg K, and phase change at 101.40C. The report established significant potentials in the diversification of palm kernel shell from waste to fuel in improved combustion systems and as a future element in biomaterial composites.