Browsing by Author "Agbowuro, Gbenga Oluwayomi"

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    Genetic and heritability estimates of landrace upland rice accessions grown in rainforest agro-ecological zone of Nigeria
    (Journal of Pure and Applied Agriculture, 2021-03-17) Agbowuro, Gbenga Oluwayomi; Salami, Ayodeji Ekundayo; Aluko, Matthew; Olajide, Olubunmi Olufunke; Afolabi, Micheal Segun
    The basic understanding and knowledge of genetic variability within a plant population are highly fundamental for its improvement by the plant breeders. Research work was conducted to estimate the extent of genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance as percent of mean of landrace upland rice accessions that are predominantly grown in the rainforest agro-ecological zone of Nigeria. Ten landrace upland rice accessions constituted the treatment and were laid in randomized complete block design with three replications in three locations between March to November 2019. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P<0.01) among the accessions and the environments except for the number of tillers per plant while accession by environment interaction differs significantly for all the traits though at different levels except the numbers of tillers per plant. Accession 1 recorded the highest grain yield (1.72) followed by accession 2 (1.38), accession 8 (1.36), accession 3 (1.29), and accession 4 (1.04) accordingly while accession 7 (0.75) had the least grain yield across the locations. Heritability (broad-sense) estimates ranged from (61.4393%) grain yield to (99.6028%) plant height. Moderate to high phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation and genetic advances as a percent of mean were recorded for all the traits. Moderate to high estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation, and genetic advances as a percent of mean coupled with high heritability (broad-sense) for these traits is an indication that the traits are governed by additive genetic action. Hence, improvement of these traits can be made through selection. © 2021 Department of Agricultural Sciences, AIOU
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    Plant breeding: A potential tool to sustain food security in Sub-Saharan Africa
    (Journal of Pure and Applied Agriculture, 2021-03-12) Agbowuro, Gbenga Oluwayomi; Salami, Ayodeji Ekundayo; Afolabi, Micheal Segun
    The world human population has continued to increase over the years, this has affected availability and shorten supply of food. Food security challenge is bound to happen as the world human population is expected to reach 9 billion by the year 2050 if food production rate did not double its current production rate. The problem is compounded by the reduction in area of arable land available for farming and food production due to urbanization, salinity, land degradation, desertification, natural and man-made disasters, and climate change. The crop production and food security are under threat from these factors. To address challenges, a call for the development of improved new varieties of crop plants that can give more yield under abiotic and biotic stresses is inevitable; and can be achieved through improving various traits that are associated with yield in varieties of crops especially to more adaptive and resilient to inclement conditions. Adopting the knowledge of science particularly plant breeding and genetics is a way forward to meet future food demand in sub-Saharan Africa due to her relatively lagging pace in technology and inadequate research funding schemes. In this review work, we focus on the conventional plant breeding methods for food security sustainability in sub-Saharan Africa rather than technologies that the region's economy cannot sustain. © 2021 Department of Agricultural Sciences, AIOU
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    Screening of upland-rice landraces for resistance to rice blast disease (Magnaporthe oryzae)
    (Journal of Pure and Applied Agriculture, 2021) Agbowuro, Gbenga Oluwayomi; Ayeyo, Morolake Elizabeth; Awoyemi, Sola Olawale; Aigbokhan, Omoyeme Felicia
    Rice blast disease (Magnaporthe oryzae) is one of the major biotic factors limiting rice production. An experiment was conducted in four locations to screen and identify upland rice accessions that are resistant to Magnaporthe oryzae. 25 upland rice landraces were collected and screened against Magnaporthe oryzae by artificial inoculum under the field condition in four locations for two cropping seasons. The experiments were laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications across the locations. Data were collected on grain yield, the weight of 1000 seeds, numbers of tiller per plant, panicle weight, grains per panicle, and plant height. Disease scoring was done using the Standard Evaluation System of the International Rice Research Institute and analyzed with IRRI STAR software. The screening result revealed that none of the 25 prominent upland rice landrace accessions is highly resistant or resistant. Five accessions; Acc. 1, Acc. 2, Acc. 7, Acc. 10, and Acc. 22 were moderately resistant, 11 accessions were moderately susceptible while eight accessions were susceptible. None of the accessions screened is highly susceptible to the pathogen. All moderately resistant accessions that gave high grain yield could be used as a gene pool for Magnaporthe oryzae resistance breeding for cultivar improvement except accession 22 that recorded a low grain yield. The use of the identified moderately resistant accessions with high yield by farmers is encouraged pending the time commercial Magnaporthe oryzae resistant cultivars will be readily available and accessible in rainforest and derived guinea savanna agro-ecological zones of Nigeria
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    The Use of Microbial Inoculants in Crop Production for Food Security Sustainability
    (Advanced Journal of Graduate Research, 2021-07) Agbowuro, Gbenga Oluwayomi; Ayeyo, Morolake Elizabeth; Emecho, Tejiri Sophia
    ncreasing human population, war, climate change, herdsmen-farmers clashes, banditry, terrorism, political unrest affected crop production negatively. These factors widen the gap between food production supply and its demand. In an attempt to fill this gap, agrochemicals were used to increase crop yield to meet the food demand of the ever-increasing population. Agrochemical’s introduction was accepted initially due to their quick and nonspecific actions. Decades later, these agrochemicals begin to pose threats to human and livestock health, causing land degradation, ecosystem imbalance, reduction in soil fertility and productivity. To avert the negative effects of agrochemicals on food and feed products, soil, water quality, and the environment. The use of a safe and eco-friendly alternative was developed. Microbial inoculants serve to be the best substitute for agrochemicals with substantial benefits in sustainable crop production and environmental sustainability. This review aims at updating available information on the benefits of using microbial inoculants in boosting crop production and the strategies to adopt for its effectiveness.