Browsing by Author "Awoyemi, S. O."
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Item EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT AQUEOUS PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST RICE BLAST DISEASE FUNGUS (Magnaporthe oryzae)(Ife Journal of Science, 2020-12) Agbowuro, G. O.,; Aluko, M.,; Salami, A. E.; Awoyemi, S. O.The antifungal potentials of some medicinal plant leaf extracts have been established against fungal diseases. This research work was conducted to evaluate the effects of aqueous plant leaf extracts of five plants: Apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera), Neem tree (Azadirachta indica), Thorn Apple/Angel's trumpet (Datura metel), Aleo plant (Aleo vera) and Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata)) at different concentration (25, 50, and 100%) against rice blast disease (Magnaporthe oryzae) in-vitro and in-vivo. The research work was laid out in a split-split plot arrangement using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were collected for disease severity, disease incidence, number of tillers per plant, number of filled grains, the weight of 1000 grains, and panicle weight. The data collected were analyzed using IRRI STAR software (IRRI, 1979). Percentage inhibition was significantly higher at higher concentrations for all the aqueous plant extracts as compared to lower concentrations. The field trial result shows that there were significant differences among all the studied traits though at different levels for all the sources of variation. The leaf plant aqueous extracts at all the varied concentrations reduced the rate of disease severity and incidence while the number of tillers per plant, the number of filled grains, the weight of 1000 seeds, and panicle weight increased compared to control. The result revealed that Apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera) is the most efficient in combating rice blast disease followed by Neem tree (Azadirachta indica), Thorn Apple/Angel's trumpet (Datura metel), Aleo plant (Aleo vera), and Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) in that other. These aqueous plant extracts can be used to manage rice blast disease at a low cost and it is ecofriendly compare to chemical fungicidesItem Genetic Variations, Heritability and Genetic Advance Studies among Okra Accessions grown in different Agro-ecological Zones in Nigeria(International Journal of Food Science and Agriculture, 2019-05-16) Agbowuro, Gbenga O.; Salami, A. E.; Awoyemi, S. O.; Ogunwale, G. I.; Kehinde-Fadare, A. F.; Olajide, O. O.Some level of variation within crop varieties is highly important for its improvement with the aids of good plant breeding methods. A field research experiment was carried out with the aim to estimate genetic variation and heritability in the okra accessions grown in different agro-ecological zones in Nigeria. Twenty okra accessions were obtained from various locations in different agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. Twenty okra accessions were evaluated between April to August 2018 at Ekiti State University Teaching and Research Farm, Ekiti State. These twenty okra accessions constituted the treatment, which was lied out in a RCBD in a three replicates. The result were highly significant (p<0.01) for all the traits studied. Magnitude of the phenotypic coefficient of variances were slightly higher than genotypic coefficient of variances in this study which showed that environment did not much influence the estimates of genetic performance. The coefficient of phenotypic and genotypic variances were high in the traits studied. Heritability estimates ranges from 75.04% for days to 50% flowering to 98.85% for weight of 100 seeds. High heritability with high genetic advance were observed for all the studied traits indicating that they are governed by additive gene action and this could be improved through simple selection except days to 50% flowering with the lowest heritability value coupled with the lowest genetic advance value lesser than 10%.Item Rice Blast Disease (Magnaporthe oryzae): A Menace to Rice Production and Humanity(International Journal of Pathogen Research, 2020-06-22) Agbowuro, G. O.; Afolabi, M. S.; Olamiriki, E. F.; Awoyemi, S. O.Rice blast disease is one of the major constraints to rice production, threatening food security globally. Rice grain production losses due to the disease leads economic losses to the farmers, and to an increase in global rice price as a result of the supply that is far below the consumer demand. The losses from the disease annually was estimated to feed over 60 million individual. The disease has been studied comprehensively by researchers due to the importance attached to rice and its vast spread and destructiveness across the globe. A good understanding of the pathogen causing the disease, its life cycle and development, epidemiology, symptoms, management strategy will offer a good insight into the disease incidence and give an appropriate and effective decision-making in its management. Different control measures have been adopted managing the disease, including the use of resistant varieties. Integrated disease management strategies coupled with good agronomy practices are required for successful control of rice blast for food security. This review, therefore, examined the fundamentals of rice blast disease (Magnaporthe oryzae) and offered strategies to minimize the disease activities to ensure proper production and increase the supply of rice grains.