Browsing by Author "Bankole, S.A."

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    Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles and Bacteriological Risks Associated With Used Toothbrushes: A Case Study of Some Apparently Healthy University Students in Southwestern Nigeria
    (American Research Institute for Policy Development, 2013-07-30) Bello, O. O.; Osho, A.; Bankole, S.A.; Bello, T. K.
    Toothbrushes play a significant role in disease transmission and increase the risk of infection since they serve as reservoirs for microorganisms in healthy, oral-diseased and medically ill adults. Investigation was carried out on the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of bacteria isolated from used toothbrushes. Thirty toothbrushes used for at least 5 weeks by thirty University students were collected. Heads of the brushes were soaked in 10 ml of sterile tryptone soya broth (TSB) and agitated by vortex mixing. The bacterial suspension was serially diluted. Plate count agar, MacConkey agar and Mannitol salt agar media were used for the isolation of non-fastidious bacteria, coliforms and staphylococci, respectively, employing the spread plate technique. Biochemical characterization of isolates was carried out using standard methods. Survival ability of bacterial contaminants on the used toothbrushes was also investigated at the 24th hr, 72nd hr and 144th. The disk diffusion method was employed for the determination of the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the bacterial isolates. Seven genera of microorganisms were encountered and these include Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Proteus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most prevalent as shown by mean total plate count of 5.0 x 102 CFU ml-1 while E. coli had the lowest prevalence (1.2 x 102 CFU ml-1). It was discovered that S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli and Proteus sp all survived at 144th hr indicating high survival ability, while Lactobacillus sp only survived at 24th hr. There were variations in the susceptibility patterns of the isolates to the various antibiotics. It was determined that 62.5% of the isolates showed susceptibility; twenty percent (20%) of isolates were intermediately susceptible and the remaining 17.5% were resistant. It was concluded that most bacterial isolates from toothbrushes were susceptible to antibiotics but the percentage resistant should be of great concern as it poses high health risk and may generate the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria within the family and beyond. Organisms such as some members of the enterobacteriaceae which are not normally associated with oral flora isolated from used toothbrushes investigated in this study should also be of interest.
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    Bacteriological and Physicochemical Analyses of Borehole and Well Water Sources in Ijebu-Ode, Southwestern Nigeria
    (IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2013-12-31) Bello, Olorunjuwon O.; Osho, A.; Bankole, S.A.; BELLO, Temitope.K.
    An investigative study was carried out to determine the bacteriological and physicochemical qualities of borehole and well water samples in Ijebu-Ode, Southwestern Nigeria. Ten water samples each of borehole and well water sources were collected within the geographical location. Physicochemical parameters were determined using standard methods. The total bacterial count was determined by pour plate technique and total coliform determined using 3-3-3 regimen. Identifications of isolates were done using standard methods. The colour and turbidity of water samples were within the normal range. Eight genera of bacteria which include Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp, Enterococcus sp, Proteus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from the water samples. Total bacterial count in borehole and well waters sampled ranged from zero to 2.5 x 102 cfu/ml and zero to 8.1 x 102 cfu/ml, respectively. The total coliform count of the borehole waters analyzed ranged from zero to 16 MPN index of coliform/100 ml while that of well waters ranged from 16 to 1100 MPN index of coliform/100 ml of the water samples. All borehole water samples had zero faecal coliform count while in well water samples, count ranged from zero to 4.1 x 102 cfu/ml. It was concluded that not all borehole waters are safe for consumption and well waters were of poorer bacteriological qualities indicative of health risk to the inhabitants of the geographical location.