Browsing by Author "Bello, O. O."

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    Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles and Bacteriological Risks Associated With Used Toothbrushes: A Case Study of Some Apparently Healthy University Students in Southwestern Nigeria
    (American Research Institute for Policy Development, 2013-07-30) Bello, O. O.; Osho, A.; Bankole, S.A.; Bello, T. K.
    Toothbrushes play a significant role in disease transmission and increase the risk of infection since they serve as reservoirs for microorganisms in healthy, oral-diseased and medically ill adults. Investigation was carried out on the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of bacteria isolated from used toothbrushes. Thirty toothbrushes used for at least 5 weeks by thirty University students were collected. Heads of the brushes were soaked in 10 ml of sterile tryptone soya broth (TSB) and agitated by vortex mixing. The bacterial suspension was serially diluted. Plate count agar, MacConkey agar and Mannitol salt agar media were used for the isolation of non-fastidious bacteria, coliforms and staphylococci, respectively, employing the spread plate technique. Biochemical characterization of isolates was carried out using standard methods. Survival ability of bacterial contaminants on the used toothbrushes was also investigated at the 24th hr, 72nd hr and 144th. The disk diffusion method was employed for the determination of the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the bacterial isolates. Seven genera of microorganisms were encountered and these include Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Proteus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most prevalent as shown by mean total plate count of 5.0 x 102 CFU ml-1 while E. coli had the lowest prevalence (1.2 x 102 CFU ml-1). It was discovered that S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli and Proteus sp all survived at 144th hr indicating high survival ability, while Lactobacillus sp only survived at 24th hr. There were variations in the susceptibility patterns of the isolates to the various antibiotics. It was determined that 62.5% of the isolates showed susceptibility; twenty percent (20%) of isolates were intermediately susceptible and the remaining 17.5% were resistant. It was concluded that most bacterial isolates from toothbrushes were susceptible to antibiotics but the percentage resistant should be of great concern as it poses high health risk and may generate the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria within the family and beyond. Organisms such as some members of the enterobacteriaceae which are not normally associated with oral flora isolated from used toothbrushes investigated in this study should also be of interest.
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    The Incidence of Extended-Spectrum Beta- Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Bacteria in Salad Vegetables in Ondo City, Nigeria
    (2019-05-07) Bello, O. O.; Oni, M. O.; Bello, J. O.; Bello, T. K.
    Aim: This study was carried out to determine the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria in salad vegetables in Ondo City, Nigeria. Study Design: An experimental study design with randomized sampling. Place and Duration of the Study: The research was carried out in the Department of Biological Sciences of Wesley University, Ondo State, Nigeria. Methodology: Samples of cucumber, carrot, green pea, green beans, sweet corn and cabbage were analysed on appropriate agar medium. Pure isolates were identified by biochemical tests and confirmation was done by the use of API 20 E and API 20 NE in accordance with standard procedures. ESBLs screening was carried out using the double disk synergy test. Data were statistically analyzed using MedCalc statistical software (version 17.2). Results: Total viable bacterial counts (TVBCs) ranged from 1.1 × 103 to 7.1 x 105 cfu/ml; total coliform counts (TCC) ranged from 1.2 x 102 to 3.9 x 103 cfu/ml while total faecal counts (TFC) ranged from 0 to 2.9 × 102 cfu/ml. There were statistical differences in mean TVBCs of the samples (P < 0.05). The mean TCCs of cabbage, carrot and cucumber showed no statistical significance; green beans, green pea and sweet corn also showed no statistical significance (P > 0.05). One hundred and sixty (166) isolates obtained from the samples were identified as Bacillus cereus, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcesens and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. At least one member of all bacterial species, except S. saprophyticus, produced ESBL. Conclusion: This study revealed that salad vegetables could be a vehicle for the spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria which translates to a threat to public health around the world as salads are loved and consumed by all categories of people globally.
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    Prevalence of Vaginal Pathogens Associated with Genital Tract Infections in Ogun State, Nigeria
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2013-02-02) Bello, O. O.; Mabekoje, O. O.; Efuntoye, M. O.; Bello, T. K.
    Aims: The occurrence of vaginal pathogens associated with genital tract infections [GTIs] was investigated in this study. Study Design: Over a three-month period, 106 High Vaginal Swab [HVS] samples were obtained from women with genital tract infections [GTIs] within the ages of 15 – 50 years attending In- and Out- patients clinic at General Hospital, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria and percentage frequencies of isolates were determined comparatively. Place and Duration of Study: Collections of samples were made at General Hospital, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State while microbiological analyses on samples were carried out at the Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital [OOUTH], Sagamu, Ogun State, between August and November, 2011. Methodology: Samples were screened for the presence of vaginal pathogens using conventional microbiological techniques. Potato dextrose agar [PDA] was employed to isolate and enumerate Candida species. Chocolate agar was used for the isolation of Neisseria gonorrheae, while Columbia agar base in 10% CO2-enriched atmosphere was employed for the isolation of Gardnerella vaginalis. Microscopic examinations of smears were carried out to determine the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis. Paired sample t-test was employed to analyze results statistically. Results: Candida species recorded the highest prevalence of 58 [54.7%], followed by Trichomonas vaginalis 27 [25.5%], Gardneralla vaginalis 12 [11.3%], while Neisseria gonorrhea recorded the least prevalence of 09 [8.5%]. Among the Candida isolates obtained, Candida albicans had the highest prevalence of 39 [67.2%], followed by 11 [19%] Candida tropicalis, 6 [10.3%] Candida parapsilosis while the least occurred was Candida krusei with 2 [3.5%]. Results also showed that the incidence of Candida species was highest within the age group of between 21 and 30 years except Candida tropicalis which recorded highest incidence within the age range of 15 – 20 years. Statistical analyses established that there was no significant difference between the incidence of Candida sp and other vaginal pathogens. Conclusion: Vaginal pathogens are directly associated with genital tract infections and this is on the high side among women in the developing world like Nigeria. This calls for commitment to routine evaluation and appropriate intervention in antenatal clinics.