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Browsing by Author "Bello, Olorunjuwon O."

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Antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fresh pepper and tomatoes against common food pathogens
(PSCI Publications, 2014-12-31) Bello, Olorunjuwon O.; Bello, Temitope K.; Fashola, Muibat O.
This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fresh pepper and tomatoes against common food borne pathogens. Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) broth and agar were used for the isolation of LAB from the food products and whose antagonistic properties were tested against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp., E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using well diffusion assay method. Four LAB species were isolated and these included Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactococcus casei and Lactococcus fermentii. The percentage occurrence of LAB species ranged from 11.77% to 35.29%. E. faecalis exerted the strongest antibacterial activity against all selected pathogenic bacteria while L. casei showed the weakest activity. It was concluded that the isolated LAB showed remarkable inhibitory effect against tested pathogenic strains. It is therefore suggested that these potent isolates could be used as a natural bio-preservatives in different food products. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required, according to selection criteria, on their application in different food products.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Bacteria from Diabetic Foot Infections in Selected Teaching Hospitals in Southwestern Nigeria
(AIJR Publisher., 2018-01-28) Bello, Olorunjuwon O.; Oyekanmi, Edward O.; Kelly, Babatunde A.; Mebude, Olakunle O.; Bello, Temitope K.
One of the serious complications associated with diabetes is foot ulcer and this condition affects the quality of life in patients in all classes, races and ages. Chronic wounds are prone to colonization by wide array of microorganisms which could be extremely hazardous to patients if effective and timely therapeutic intervention is not made. This study was conducted to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of bacteria from diabetic foot infections in southwestern Nigeria. Samples were collected from a total of 142 diabetic foot ulcer patients with moistened sterile cotton swabs. Nutrient agar, Mac-Conkey agar, blood agar and mannitol salt agar media were used for the isolation of total viable bacteria, Gram-negative non-spore forming lactose fermenters, fastidious bacteria and staphylococci, respectively. Morphological and biochemical characteristics of pure cultures were determined in accordance with standard laboratory criteria. API 20 E and API 20 NE were used for the confirmation of identity of the bacterial isolates. The disc diffusion technique was employed for the determination of antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates in accordance with standard procedures. The antibiotics investigated included amikacin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, ceftazidime, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, gentamicin, imipenem, linezolid, methicillin, netilmicin, ofloxacin, oxacillin, penicillin, piperacilin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and vancomycin. One hundred and seventy-seven isolates were encountered and these were characterized into eleven bacterial species. These included Staphylococcus aureus (22.03%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.95%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (12.43%), Proteus mirabilis (8.48%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.91%), E. coli (7.35%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (6.78%), Streptococcus pyogenes (5.65%), Morganella morganii (5.09%), Citrobacter freundii (4.52%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (2.83%). Gram-negative bacteria showed 76.99% susceptibility to the antibiotics while 22.85% was resistant. Gram-positive bacteria showed 93.75% susceptibility and 5.01% resistance to the antibiotics. This study revealed that there is no definite aetiologic bacterial agent for diabetic foot infections and many of the associated bacteria are sensitive to certain antibiotics.
ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE PROFILE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND ENTEROBACTER AEROGENES ISOLATED FROM WELL WATERS IN AGO-IWOYE, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
(Council for Innovative Research, 2013-12-01) Bello, Temitope K.; Bello, Olorunjuwon O.; Egberongbe, H.O.; Azeez, Ikimot A.; Oluwadun, Afolabi
Eighty percent of all diseases are attributed to unsafe water with about 11.4 billion people in the world suffering from major related diseases at various times. This study was carried out to investigate the antibiotics resistance profile of Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes isolated from well waters in Ago-Iwoye, Southwestern Nigeria. Water samples were collected from ten different wells. The multiple tube fermentation technique was employed to enumerate coliforms using MacConkey broth. Nutrient agar and ethylene methylene blue (EMB) agar were used for the enumeration of Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes. Biochemical characterization was carried out using standard methods. The disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotics susceptibility profiles of the bacterial isolates. Results showed that wells contained most probable number (MPN) of bacteria ranging from 43 to 1,100 bacteria per 100 ml. E. coli was present in eight of the wells while E. aerogenes was present in all the wells. Wells B and C had the highest incidence of E. coli with 5.0 x 102 CFU/100ml while wells D and J had no incidence of E. coli. Occurrence of Enterobacter aerogenes was highest in well B (4.5 x102 CFU/100ml), followed by well C (4.0 x102 CFU/100ml) while the lowest occurrence was obtained from well F having a count of 2.0 x 102 CFU/100ml. E. coli was resitant to nitrofurantoin, ampicillin, cephalocidine, sulphafurazole, carbenicillin and sulfamethazole while E. aerogenes was sensitive to colistin, gentamicin and nitrofurantoin but resistant to the remaining antibiotics of the Gram negative disc. For the U4 disc, E. coli was susceptible to colistin sulphate and resistant to all other antibiotics. E. aerogenes was resistant to the entire U4 discs. The presence of E. coli and E. aerogenes suggested faecal pollution, hence the quality of the wells fell strongly below the standard of safe drinking water. Most strains of isolates showed relative resistance to antibiotics investigated in this study and this should be of great concerns to researchers.
Bacteriological and Physicochemical Analyses of Borehole and Well Water Sources in Ijebu-Ode, Southwestern Nigeria
(IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2013-12-31) Bello, Olorunjuwon O.; Osho, A.; Bankole, S.A.; BELLO, Temitope.K.
An investigative study was carried out to determine the bacteriological and physicochemical qualities of borehole and well water samples in Ijebu-Ode, Southwestern Nigeria. Ten water samples each of borehole and well water sources were collected within the geographical location. Physicochemical parameters were determined using standard methods. The total bacterial count was determined by pour plate technique and total coliform determined using 3-3-3 regimen. Identifications of isolates were done using standard methods. The colour and turbidity of water samples were within the normal range. Eight genera of bacteria which include Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp, Enterococcus sp, Proteus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from the water samples. Total bacterial count in borehole and well waters sampled ranged from zero to 2.5 x 102 cfu/ml and zero to 8.1 x 102 cfu/ml, respectively. The total coliform count of the borehole waters analyzed ranged from zero to 16 MPN index of coliform/100 ml while that of well waters ranged from 16 to 1100 MPN index of coliform/100 ml of the water samples. All borehole water samples had zero faecal coliform count while in well water samples, count ranged from zero to 4.1 x 102 cfu/ml. It was concluded that not all borehole waters are safe for consumption and well waters were of poorer bacteriological qualities indicative of health risk to the inhabitants of the geographical location.
Bacteriological assessment of raw meats sold in Lagos, Nigeria
(PSCI Publications, 2016-08-20) Bello, Olorunjuwon O.; Bello, Temitope K.; Amolegbe, Oluwatosin A.; Sanwo, Shakirullah A.
The high nutritive value of meat, having both essential macro- and micro-nutrients, makes it an important part of a balanced diet for most people. However, meat is also a suitable medium for growth of microorganisms. This study evaluated the bacteriological quality of raw meat sold in Lagos, Nigeria. Ten fold dilutions of twenty meat samples were plated using the spread plate technique. Total viable bacterial count (TVBC), total Enterobacteriaceae count (TEC), total coliform count (TCC) and Escherichia coli (ECC) were determined using plate count agar, violet red bile glucose agar, Mac Conkey agar and ethylene methylene blue (EMB) agar, respectively. Enterococci spp were counted on Slanetz Bartley medium. Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococci were enumerated on Mannitol salt agar (MSA) and Baird Parker agar, respectively. Salmonella-Shigella agar was used for the isolation of Salmonella spp. Biochemical tests were performed for further identification of isolates. TVBC ranged from 1.44 x 104 cfu/g to 4.38 x 104 cfu/g; TEC ranged from 1.02 x 103 cfu/g to 2.45 x 103 cfu/g; TCC had a rage of 1.24 x 103 cfu/g to 2.76 x 103 cfu/g. TSAC ranged from 1.25 x 102 to 2.17 x 102 cfu/g. Salmonella counts ranged from nil to 1.20 x 102 cfu/g. S. aureus had the highest percentage occurrence while P. aeruginosa had lowest. This study revealed that raw meats sold in some parts of Lagos are of poor bacteriological quality. Hygienic practices of meat sellers need to be improved upon while organizing public enlightenment programmes is also crucial
Comparative evaluation of microbiological and nutritional qualities of various cereal-based paps (Ogi) in Ondo State, Nigeria
(International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB), 2018-04-30) Bello, Olorunjuwon O.; Bello, Temitope K.; Amoo, Olumayowa T.; Atoyebi, Yisau O.
This study was carried out to determine the microbiological, proximate and elemental analyses of maize-, millet- and sorghum-based Ogi in Ondo State, Nigeria. Samples were monitored at points of preparation from 0 to 96 hours of fermentation. Selected dilutions were inoculated by spread-plate method on appropriate medium for isolation of aerobic bacteria, staphylococci, enterobacteria, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and fungi. Further identification was done by API 50 CHL, API 50 CHB and API 32 ID kits for LAB, aerobic bacteria and fungi, respectively. Proximate and mineral compositions were in accordance to standard procedures. One-sample ttest, paired-wise sample t-test and Analysis of Variance were used to analyze data. The microbial load gradually increased from 0 hour and attained optimum at 24 – 48 hours of fermentation, before declining at 72 to 96 hours. LAB were persistent and most predominant. Twenty-four bacterial species were isolated. Occurrence of Lactobacillus plantarum (10.3%) was highest while Mucor mucedo (0.86%) was lowest. There were no significant differences in the microbial loads, proximate and elemental compositions of products.Thisstudy revealed the distribution of fermentative microorganisms and few contaminants which were not directly associated with fermentation process. The study also showed significantly acceptable proximate and elemental compositions of the products.
Microbial quality and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of bacterial isolates from borehole water used by some schools in Ijebu-Ode, Southwestern Nigeria
(Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher, 2013-12-31) Bello, Olorunjuwon O.; Osho, Adeleke; Bello, Temitope K.
This study was carried out to investigate the microbial quality and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of bacterial isolates from borehole water used by some schools in Ijebu-Ode, Southwestern Nigeria. Borehole water samples were taken from twelve secondary schools over a period of three weeks in September, 2012 and investigated for the presence of indicator organisms such as total coliforms, faecal coliforms, enterococci, heterotrophs and enterobacteriaceae using the spread plate technique. The membrane filtration method was adopted for the isolation pathogenic bacteria. Organisms were further identified using standard methods. Antibiogram of isolates was determined using the Kirby-Bauer method. Total coliform count ranged from 11 (as in sample A) to 2.88 x 102 cfu/100 ml (as in sample F). Total heterotrophic count was least in sample A (49 cfu/100 ml) and too numerous to count (TNTC) in sample C. The incidence of faecal coliform was lowest in sample I (9 cfu/100 ml) and highest in sample H (1.18 x102 cfu/100 ml). Genera of bacteria identified were Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp, Salmonella sp. and Serratia sp. Escherichia coli was found to be sensitive to all antibiotics but augmentin. Highest level of resistance was exhibited by Enterobacter sp. It was concluded that the borehole water used by school children in Ijebu-Ode is of poor microbial quality. A possible follow up would be necessary to identify the sources of contamination and disinfection of water in storage tanks before distribution through the school taps is also recommended as a short term solution.
MICROBIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATIONS OF SOME STREAMS ALONG ILISAN-AGO IWOYE ROAD, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
(ASIAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY, 2013-10-31) EGBERONGBE, H.O.; Bello, Olorunjuwon O.; AWODERU, V.A.; BELLO, Temitope.K.
Microbial and physicochemical analyses were carried out on water samples collected from seven different streams from different communities along Ilisan, Ago-Iwoye Road, Ogun State, Nigeria, using standard procedures. The evaluated streams include Ome, Ogboni, Ogbe, Ona, Orisa, Oruken and Ayanyelu. The physicochemical parameters assayed for include temperature, pH, taste, appearance, odour, presence or absence of particles. Mannitol salt agar medium was used for the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus, while Salmonella- Shigella was used for isolation of Salmonella sp. The coliform test was employed to detect the faecal organisms while the Most Probable Number (MPN) was by the multiple tube fermentation technique. Oruken stream had the highest number of bacterial isolates with total count of 5.73 x 105 cfu/ml while Orisa stream had the lowest bacterial isolates with total count of 0.29 x 105 cfu/ml. The microorganisms isolated include Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus firmus, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. Most of the stream waters were unsafe for drinking as they were of low quality thresholds. Thus, the stream waters require further purification to ensure their suitability for human consumption
Occurrence Of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria In Sachet And Bottled Water Brands In Ondo City, Nigeria
(International Journal of Advanced Research and Publications, 2017-12-31) Bello, Olorunjuwon O.; Oni, Mayowa O.; Bello, Temitope K.; Amoo, Olumayowa T.
Antibiotic resistance is the ability of a microorganism to withstand the effects of an antibiotic. Today, almost all important bacterial infections are becoming resistant to antibiotics. Unavailability of good quality drinking water is widespread and this has serious health implications. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in some sachet and bottled water brands in Ondo city, Nigeria. Twenty brands of sachet and twelve brands of bottled waters sold in Ondo city, Nigeria were investigated using 3-3-3 regimen of MPN index method. The total coliform count (TCC), faecal coliform count (FCC) and heterotrophic plate count (HPC) in water samples were determined in accordance with standard procedures. The Kirby-Bauer method was used to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of the bacterial isolates.Fifty-five percent of sachet water brands belonged to class I (excellent), 25% belonged to class II (satisfactory), 25% belonged to class III (suspicious) while 5% belonged to class IV (unsatisfactory). However, 100% bottled water brands were of class I (excellent). HPC in sachet water brands ranged from 0 - 3.5 x 103 cfu/ml while FCC ranged from 0 - 2.7 x 102 cfu/ml. HPC in bottled water ranged from 0 - 3.5 x 103 cfu/ml while no faecal coliform was present. The bacteria in this study were P. aeruginosa (23.81%), S. aureus (19.05%), Serratia sp (14.29%), Micrococcus sp (14.29%), C. freundii (9.52%), E. aerogenes (9.52%) and K. pneumoniae (9.52%).The overall percentage antibiotic resistance and susceptibility of the bacteria were 43% and 49%, respectively, while 8% of bacteria were intermediately susceptible.This study revealed acceptable bacteriological quality of bottled water brands but questions some sachet water brands from bacteriological standpoints as they fell below WHO drinking water standards. This study also indicted sub-standard packaged waters as a vehicle of spread of antibiotic-resistant potential pathogens, and this poses a high risk to public health.
Occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in some street-vended foods in Ogun State, Nigeria
(Council for Innovative Research, 2013-10-26) Bello, Olorunjuwon O.; Bello, Temitope K.; Bankole, Samuel A.
Food borne illnesses of microbial origin are a major international health problem associated with food safety and an important cause of death in developing countries. This study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in some street-vended foods in Ogun State, Southwerstern Nigeria. A total of 140 street-vended food samples which included 20 samples each of fish sausages, meat sausages, fried fish, fried meat, fried yam, moin-moin and jollof rice were purchased from vendors in three different communities (Sabo, Isale-Oko and Makun) in Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. Demographic survey was carried out on the hygienic and safety attitudes cultivated by the vendors recruited for this study. Microbiological analyses were carried out on the food products to isolate typical S. aureus strains. The samples were serially diluted and dilution factors of up 10-6 were cultured on Mannitol salt agar medium employing the spread plate technique. The disc-diffusion method was employed to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of the isolated S. aureus strains. Most vendors were aware of the heath risk associated with unhygienic practices. Percentage products contaminated ranged from 0%, as obtained from fried yam, to 40% obtained from fish sausages. Prevalence of S. aureus strains obtained from samples ranged from 0 (as in fried yam) to 5.20 + 1.2 cfu ml-1 (as obtained from jollof rice). The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility assay employing the disc diffusion technique. Results on the resistance patterns of the isolated S. aureus strains revealed that resistance was highest to gentamycin (45.8%) and lowest to cotrimoxazole (4.2%) and erythromycin (4.2%). In conclusion, street vended food samples are frequently contaminated with S. aureus and that these could serve as potential vehicle for the transmission of resistant strains of the pathogen. Increased resistance of S. aureus to certain broad spectrum antibiotics such as gentamicin and amoxicillin should stimulate the interest of researchers.
Partial Purification, Characterization and Application of Bacteriocin from Bacteria Isolated Parkia biglobosa Seeds
(Natural and Engineering Sciences, 2018-05-14) Bello, Olorunjuwon O.; Babalola, Olubukola O.; Adegboye, Mobolaji; Fashola, Muibat O.; Bello, Temitope K.
Bacteriocins are proteinaceous toxins produced by bacteria to inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strains. Fermented Parkia biglobosa seeds (African locust bean) were screened for bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with the characterization of putative bacteriocins. Bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were identified by 16s rDNA sequencing. Molecular sizes of the bacteriocins were determined using the tricine-sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (tricine-SDS–PAGE) and effects of enzymes, pH, detergents and temperature on bacteriocin activity investigated, using standard procedures. Bacteriocins production and activities were measured by spectrophotometric analysis. Statistical analysis was carried out using student t-test and Analyses of Variance. Bacteriocigenic LAB isolated were Lactobacillus plantarum Z1116, Enterococcus faecium AU02 and Leuconostoc lactis PKT0003. They inhibited the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The sizes of bacteriocins Z1116, AU02 and PKT0003 were 3.2 kDa, 10 kDa and 10 kDa, respectively. The synergistic effects of characterized bacteriocins and rifampicin tested on organisms showed significant differences (P < 0.05), as compared with the effects of only one of the two. The antimicrobial activity of the three bacteriocins was deactivated after treatment of the cell-free supernatants with proteinase K, papain, pepsin and trypsin. Parkia biglobosa seeds are, therefore, rich in LAB bacteriocins which could be explored. The biosynthetic mechanisms of LAB bacteriocins could be employed in food safety and security, preservation, peptide design, infection control and pharmacotherapy. This should help in the control of undesirable bacteria and in designing more potent and selective antimicrobial peptides.
Preliminary Bacteriological Evaluation of Smoked Rabbit Meat Sold on Lagos-Benin Expressway, Nigeria
(ScholArena, 2018-09-04) Bello, Olorunjuwon O.; Bello, Temitope K.; Adekoya, R.A.
Rabbit meat is a lean meat rich in proteins of a high biological value and it is characterized by high levels of essential amino acids. Presence of potential pathogens could, however, pose serious public health risks. This study was carried out to investigate the bacteriological quality of smoked rabbit meat sold on Lagos-Benin Expressway, Nigeria. A ten-fold dilution of rabbit meat samples was prepared up to 10-6 factor. Total viable bacterial count (TVBC), Total enterobacteriaceae count (TEC), Total coliform count (TCC), Total Staphylococcus aureus count (TSAC) and Escherichia coli were determined on plate count agar, violet red bile glucose agar, MacConkey agar, Mannitol salt agar and Eosin methylene blue agar, respectively. Enterococci, Micrococci and Salmonella spp were counted on Slanetz Bartley medium, Baird Parker agar and Salmonella-Shigella agar, respectively. Biochemical tests were performed for further identification of isolates according to standard methods. Results revealed that TVBC, TEC, TCC and TSAC ranged from 1.48 x 105 to 3.20 x 105 cfu/g, 1.05 x 103 to 1.36 x 103 cfu/g, 1.10 x 103 to 1.44 x 103 cfu/g and 1.14 x 102 to 2.36 x 102 cfu/g, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus had the highest percentage frequency of 30.3% while Salmonella spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus spp had the lowest with 6.1% each. Data obtained from certain locations showed significant differences from others (P < 0.05). It was revealed from this study that rabbit meats sold on Lagos-Benin Expressway, Nigeria are of satisfactory quality from bacteriological point of view.

Browsing by Author "Bello, Olorunjuwon O."

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