Browsing by Author "Falade, Funsho"
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Item LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS (LCCA) COMPARISON OF PAVEMENTS (FLEXIBLE, RIGID AND RIGID-ADMIXED WITH COW BONE ASH)(Journal of Engineering and Technology for Industrial Applications, 2021-08) Ariyo, Adanikin; Falade, Funsho; Olutaiwo, Adewale; Ajibade, Temi; Adeoye, ItunuoluwaLife Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) acts as a decision support tool in economic evaluation of cost (agency and user) during pavement type selection, maintenance and rehabilitation strategy. The Life cycle cost analysis was done using the Present worth of Cost method. Technical Recommendations for Highway (TRH) 12 (pavement rehabilitation investigation and design) analysis was used for calculating the agency cost which entailed the initial rehabilitation, maintenance, future and salvage cost. The LCCA analysis period for this study was taken as 40 years as the analysis period have to be sufficiently long to reflect long-term cost differences associated with reasonable design strategies. The result of the study shows that the present worth cost for the varying Pavement presents the options available for decision making. The result revealed that the initial cost of Rigid pavement is the highest followed by the initial cost of Rigid pavement with 15% CBA while flexible Pavement has the lowest initial cost. However, considering the result showing the present worth cost for the varying pavement types present worth cost of flexible pavement is the highest followed by Rigid pavement and Rigid pavement with 15% CBA has the lowest life cycle cost. The study recommended that Rigid pavement with 15% CBA should be considered because it gives the lowest life cycle cost and the initial cost is relatively low.Item Microstructural Analysis of Concrete Using Cow Bone Ash for Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Suppression(Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering, 2020) Adanikin, Ariyo; Falade, Funsho; Olutaiwo, AdewaleConcrete pavements are prone to microstructural changes and deterioration when exposed to Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR). ASR results in strength reduction, cracking, spalling and other defects in the concrete if left unchecked. Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) such as Cow Bone Ash (CBA) however can be used to improve concrete performance, hence its use in this study. Concrete samples were prepared at replacement levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of cement with Cow Bone Ash. The concrete samples were then subjected to petrographic and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. Petrographic examination shows that the minimal and least amount of ASR gels and micro cracking were observed at 15% CBA replacement of cement in the concrete samples. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that changes in the elemental composition of the concrete samples is related to the effect of CBA which enhances adhesion in the concrete. SEM analysis show that, in general, the change in microstructure in the concrete was mainly due to the change in the arrangement of the C-H-S compounds. The microstructure analysis indicates that CBA in concrete influences the densification of the concrete at the transition zone, resulting in a much lower porosity. This results in the concrete having a tightly bound layer that repels ingress of water and thereby inhibiting cracks and gel formation as water is a contributing factor to the ASR in concrete.