Browsing by Author "Maduagwu, E. N."

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    Antioxidant effects of methanol extract of Allium cepa linn on cyanide-induced renal toxicity in male Wistar rats
    (Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2014) Ola-Mudathir, Kikelomo F.; Maduagwu, E. N.
    Summary: The protective effects of onion was assessed in the Kidney of rats following sub-acute exposure to cyanide. These effects were compared to those of sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3), a classical antidote of cyanide toxicity. The rats were divided into 6 groups of 6 animals each. Group 1 was administered distilled water, Group 2,3,4, 5, and 6 were administered 600 mg onion/kg bwt/day, 7 mg KCN/kg bwt/day, 300 mg onion/kg bwt/day+ 7 mg KCN/kg bwt/day, 600 mg onion/kg bwt/day+ 7mgKCN/kg bwt/day, 600mg Na2S2O3/kg bwt/day+ 7mgKCN/kg bwt/day respectively for 2 weeks. Group 3, 4 and 5 were pre-administered with 300mg onion/kg bwt/day, 600mg onion/kg bwt/day and 600mg Na2S2O3 /kg bwt/day respectively for 2 weeks. Serum and urine creatinineand urea level were assessed as a measure of kidney function. Oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters were estimated in Kidney. Serum creatinine and urea levels were significantly higher in the cyanide treated rats compared with control. This was accompanied by significant reduction in the urine level of creatinine and urea. Co-administration with onion extract and Na2S2O3 reverse the situation in both the serum and urine. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in rats treated with cyanide (3.846±0.20μg/g) was significantly increased in the kidney relative to control (0.691±0.15μg/g). This was accompanied with a decreased in antioxidant enzymes Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) (2.0±0.09U/mg), Catalase (CAT) (0.014±0.001katf), Glutathione-S-Tranferase (GST) (0.015±0.009nMol/mg) and non-enzymatic antioxidant Reduced Glutathione (GSH) (4.006±0.09μg/ml) compared with control (4.8±0.13 U/mg, 0.047±0.001 katf, 0.022±0.0013 nMol/mg, 6.802±0.2 μg/ml respectively). Co-administration with onion extract and Na2S2O3 significantly increased these antioxidant enzymes and significantly decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde in the kidney. The results indicate that onion extract reduced lipid peroxidation in the kidney and increased antioxidant status of animals exposed to cyanide in a dose dependent manner.
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    Effects of Alium cepa Linn on rhodanese activities and half-life of cyanide in the blood
    (Ivyspring International Publisher, 2015) Ola-Mudathir, Kikelomo F.; Maduagwu, E. N.
    Rhodanese is the major detoxifying enzyme for cyanide and requires sulphur for its action. Allium cepa (Onion) is rich in organosulphur which may serve as an antidote for cyanide poisoning by supplying sulphur to the enzyme rhodanese. The possible effects of Allium cepa on rhodanese activity during cyanide toxicity was investigated in male Wistar rats. Sixty Wistar rats (150-180 g) were divided into ten groups of six rats each. The first six groups were used for in vivo rhodanese activities evaluation after treatments orally with either KCN (7 mg/kg bwt/day KCN), KCN+ 300 mg Methanol Extract of Allium cepa (MEAC)/kg bwt/day, KCN+ 600 mg MEAC/kg bwt/day, KCN+ 600 mg sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3)/kg bwt/day or 600 mg MEAC/kg bwt/day respectively. The last four groups were used for the evaluation of half-life of KCN after treatment orally with distilled water (control), 600 mg MEAC/kg bwt/day, 600 mg Na2S2O3/kg bwt/day and raw onion adlibitum respectively for two weeks before intravenous injection of KCN. In vitro rhodanese activity was determined using liver homogenate. Results of the in vivo study showed liver rhodanese activity was significantly higher (p< 0.05) in the cyanide only group and in the cyanide+ Na2S2O3 group when compared with the control group, but administration of MEAC in the cyanide treated group did not enhance the activities of rhodanese. The results of the in vitro study showed that rhodanese activity was more enhanced in the presence of essential oil of onion and Na