Browsing by Author "ORADI, Oradi"

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    Introduction: A Review of Nigeria's implementation of the “Decent Work and Economic Growth” Goal
    (ORADI, 2019-09) ORADI, Oradi
    IT is now four years since the United Nations adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for transforming the world by 2030. Since then, Nigeria, like other member-states of the world body, has been implementing various strategic policy interventions to achieve the goals. In this edition of the SDGs Monitor, we track Nigeria's progress in the implementation of two of the global goals – Decent Work and Economic Growth (SDG 8) and Reduced Inequalities (SDG 10). Our first research report is a preliminary assessment of Nigeria's efforts to attain eight out of the twelve targets of SDG8, with eight indicators as the variables. Results from the research reveal that the country is not on track with respect to achieving SGD 8. Both the performance scores of the individual indicators and the aggregate score at goal level show low performance. Four of the indicators show declining performance while the remaining four recorded only a moderate increase. The implication is that the various policy interventions of government to achieve the Goal are either inefficient or insufficient. The study, written by two of our consultants, Justine Tochukwu Nwanakwere of the Nigeria Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), Ibadan, and Prof. Fidelis Obioma Ogwumike of the Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, recommends – among other things – that government should make concerted and pragmatic efforts to diversify the economy. This will not only lead to the growth of the non-oil sectors of the economy, but will also accelerate the productivity and decent employment contribution of these non-oil sectors. The study also recommends that there should be a broader review of labour productivity and the reward system to cater for both those engaged in the public and in the organised private sectors, and to shore-up the proportion of decent jobs in the economy. The second research report by two different consultants, Dr. Joseph O. Ogebe of the University of Ibadan and Dr. Adedeji P. Adeniran of the Centre for the Study of the Economies of Africa (CSEA) is a dynamic assessment of inequality in Nigeria. The study employed the Gini coefficient, the Theil Index and Palma's ratio to measure inequality in the country, using the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS)/World Bank General Household Surveys of 2010, 2013 and 2015 datasets for Nigeria. Their review finds that the household consumption expenditure of the bottom 40 per cent grew slower than the national average in 2013 and 2015. The study reveals a widening gap between the rich and the poor in Nigeria, showing that the country hasa long way to go to achieve SDG 10. To put Nigeria on the path to attaining SDG 10 and reducing inequality in the country, the study recommends a rethink of government policies on social protection, taxation and employment. Happy reading! Click here to download a copy of the journal.
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    Introduction: An Appraisal of Nigeria's Implementation of the “Quality Education” Goal
    (ORADI, 2019-03) ORADI, Oradi
    We are happy to announce that beginning with this issue, The SDGs Monitor Magazine will begin a new style of presentation that combines its popular magazine focus with original data-based and researched articles that include some technical language in support of upper level academic research on the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Nigeria. We continue to be grateful for the support of the Ford Foundation which has enabled us to shun affiliation with any institution, political organization or government body, and to be obligated only to our readers– the general public and most especially, the academic and civil society communities. As such, we maintain a level of independence and objectivity that few other publications in Nigeria can achieve. This issue focuses on education. After an in-depth appraisal of Nigeria's implementation of the Quality of Education Goal (SDG 4), we find that Nigeria has a long way to go to achieve quality education. Our review of the sector finds moribund education policies, woeful underfunding of the entire sector and little political will to establish policies that promote quality education. Consequently, many Nigerian children are not reaching minimum proficiency levels in reading and mathematics. The country is hardly producing enough citizens who areboth well-educated and properly skilled for employment in the 21st century. Nigeria faces a truly severe learning crisis especially in its northern region, a crisis that threatens its hopes of attaining SDG 4. We therefore focus our research on the education of Nigerian youths. We investigate the determinants of youth literacy in the country using the 2016/2017 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS5) dataset for Nigeria. We show that youth literacy differs by sex and across geopolitical zones. And that sex, age, area of residence, wealth quintile, geo-political zone and educational attainment of household head are key determinants of youth literacy in Nigeria. The study written by our two consultants, Dr. Joseph O. Ogebe of the University of Ibadan and Dr. Adedeji P. Adeniran of the Centre for the Study of the Economies of Africa (CSEA), recommends that policies aimed at meeting the SDGs should focus on improving the quality of education in lagging geopolitical zones and rural areas, boosting access of the girl child, enlightening household heads, and targeting poor households to improve literacy rates across Nigeria.
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    Introduction: Nigeria's Drive towards the Promotion of Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
    (ORADI, 2020-06) ORADI, Oradi
    A LL over the world, peace, human rights and effective governance based on the rule of law are important conduits for sustainable development. It is against this background that Goal 16 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is dedicated to the promotion of peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, the provision of access to justice for all and building effective, accountable institutions at all levels. Since September 2015, when President Muhammadu Buhari joined other world leaders to endorse the 17 SDGs, his administration has been striving to promote peace and justice as well as the building of strong institutions in Nigeria as envisaged by SDG16. In this edition of the SDGs Monitor Journal, we review the implementation of SDG16 in Nigeria. The review by our consultant, Professor Jibrin Ibrahim, Senior Fellow, Centre for Democracy and Development, reveals that Nigeria is not on track with respect to achieving the sub-goals or targets of SDG 16. For instance, while sub-goal 1 requires all member states of the United Nations to significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere, our review finds that rather, there has been a significant growth of wanton violence and death in Nigeria in recent years. It also finds that the country has witnessed the expansion of terrorism, ethnic militia and rural-based violence that are grouped as Boko Haram terrorism and farmer-herder clashes. The country is equally not on course in terms of sub-goal 3, which demands the promotion of the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensuring equal access to justice for all. Our review shows that the criminal justice system in the country has been particularly problematic because it is characterised by lack of respect for the rule of law and frequent abuse of the rights of Nigerians, and that these failings are the direct result of the corrupt nature of the police, the prisons and the courts. The study finds that certain factors such as the high level of insecurity in the country, weak judicial system, corruption and lack of strong institutions appear to be impediments to the actualisation of SDG16 in Nigeria by 2030. To put Nigeria on the path towards attaining SDG 16, it recommends that government should strive to significantly reduce all forms of violence, the judiciary must be truly independent, devoid of undue executive muzzling, and that all the critical institutions such as the Police, the Army, the Prison Service, and political parties should be strengthened. Happy reading
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    Introduction: Nigeria's Response To the Climate Change Conundrum
    (ORADI, 2020-03) ORADI, Oradi
    W ITH rising greenhouse gas emissions, climate change is occurring at rates much faster than anticipated and its effects are being clearly felt worldwide. Nigeria, as a developing country with a population of about 180 million, has been adversely impacted by climate change due to obvious vulnerability and low coping capability. Consequently, on December 12, 2015, during a United Nations-sponsored meeting in Paris, COP21, dubbed 'Paris Agreement', Nigeria joined 194 other countries to make a historic pledge to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. To demonstrate Nigeria's commitment to the pledge, on March 28, 2017 President Muhammadu Buhari signed the Instrument of Ratification of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, which was approved by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on May 16, 2017. The Paris Agreement entered into force on June 15, 2017. Ranked amongst the top 25 Green-House Gas (GHG) Emitting Countries, Nigeria is required to mobilize its citizens and other stakeholders for the effective implementation of measures to reach the target of a 20 percent unconditional reduction in green-house gas emissions by 2030, and to implement policies that will enable the country to reach the goal of 100 percent renewable energy by 2050. In this edition of the SDGs Monitor, we appraise Nigeria's implementation of goal number 13 of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is Climate Action (SDG13). Our assessment of Nigeria's efforts to attain the targets of SDG13 shows that the country's emission reduction strategy focuses on such key sectors as Energy, Oil and Gas, Agriculture and Land Use, Power, and Transport. However, based on the fact that the 2016 Climate Change Vulnerability Index (CCVI) classifies Nigeria as one of the ten countries in the world which are most vulnerable to climate change, the country is not on track with respect to achieving SDG 13. The analysis by our consultant, Daniel A. Omoweh, a Professor of International Relations at Western Delta University, Oghara and former Associate Research Professor at the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, reveals that the Nigerian government has approached the discourse on climate change with its usual approach, namely limiting consideration of such a critical development issue to ministries and parastatals. The study recommends that since climate change is about the environment, which is an international public good, it requires input from the people, civil society, the private sector and the media to put Nigeria on the path to attaining SDG Happy reading!
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    Introduction: Tracking Nigeria's Scorecard on Poverty Eradication
    (ORADI, 2019-06) ORADI, Oradi
    SINCE the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for transforming the world by 2030 were adopted by the United Nations in September 2015, member-states of the world body, including Nigeria, have initiated various strategic policy interventions to achieve the set goals. In this edition of the SDGs Monitor Journal, we assess Nigeria's implementation of two of the 17 global goals – Zero Poverty (SDG 1) and Gender Equality (SDG 5). After an in-depth assessment of progress towards SDG 1, we find that instead of being on course to attain the zero poverty goal, poverty is rising in the country. Our review shows that despite the measures taken by the Nigerian government to reduce poverty, a large proportion of Nigerians still live below the poverty line. The 2018 World Data Lab report, which indicates that Nigeria has overtaken India as the country with the highest number of the extremely poor, has raised fears that SDG 1 which seeks to end extreme poverty by 2030 is unlikely to be met. Therefore, the focus of the first research in this edition is the dynamics of multidimensional poverty in Nigeria, using the 2011 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS4) and 2016 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS5) datasets. The result of a disaggregated analysis of multidimensional poverty shows that compared to the south, poverty is more concentrated among households in the northern part of Nigeria ravaged by the ongoing humanitarian crisis. The study written by our two consultants, Dr. Joseph O. Ogebe of the University of Ibadan and Dr. Adedeji P.Adeniran of the Centre for the Study of the Economies of Africa (CSEA), recommends that pro-poor programmes aimed at lifting people out of poverty should focus more on deprived households in rural areas, especially those in the laggingbehind geo-political regions in Nigeria. The second research by our consultant on gender, Ms. Maria Glover, project leader of the Impact Investors Foundation, focuses on the journey towards achieving Gender Equality (SDG 5) in Nigeria. Our review finds that although Nigeria has devised several national policies, and has signed and ratified numerous international conventions, treaties and protocols on discrimination against women, the country has failed to live up to either its national or its international commitments. It also finds that there is continuing discrimination against women in its legal system and the survival of critical factors such as patriarchal norms, customs, traditions, and religious belief systems. According to the study, these factors pose a threat to achieving SDG 5. To put Nigeria on the path to attaining SDG 5, the study recommends that the government should increase its efforts to combat the issue from its root causes and by so doing, ensure the full participation of its female populace in the process of nation-building. It is a bumper package. Happy reading!