Browsing by Author "Ogunyemi, Adewale"
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Item Alkaline extracted cyanide from cassava wastewater and its sole induction of chromosomal aberrations on Allium cepa L. root tips(Taylor and Francis Online : Environmental Technology, 2021-04) Ogunyemi, Adewale; Abayomi, Akeem A.; Opawale, Rachael O.; Samuel, Titilola A.; Ilori, Matthew O.; Amund, Olukayode O.; Babajide, AloCassava, a staple crop in Nigeria, processed by numerous factories in rural and sub-urban locations is known to contain some level of cyano compounds. Lack of stringent environmental regulations on management of cassava wastewater (CWW) from cassava processing factories had led to its indiscriminate discharge on the environment. CWW samples were obtained from cassava processing factories from selected states (Lagos (A), Oyo (B), Ogun 1 (C1), Ogun 2 (C2) and Cross River (D)) in Nigeria to determine the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of extracted cyanide from the wastewaters. The cyanide was hydrolyzed via chemical degradation utilizing 1.25 M NaOH and subsequently titrated using silver nitrate with p-dimethylaminobenzalrhodamine as indicator. Further, in order to explore the potential toxicity of this pollutant present in the effluent, a battery of short-term biological assay (Allium cepa chromosomal aberration test) was used. Bulbs with roots of Allium cepa L. were treated with different concentrations (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8%) of CWW, and after 48 h the root tips were processed for cytological studies by the aceto-orcein squash procedure. The results revealed that cyanide concentrations on re-fluxing were in the range of 1.0 mg/L and 1.3 mg/L. All concentrations induced a number of chromosomal aberrations in the root tip cells. The mitotic index decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing concentration. The cytotoxic effects showed strong concentration dependent root growth inhibition with EC50 values of 30, 20, 37, 43 and 22 % for A, B, C1, C2 and D, after 72 h. The findings thus indicate that alkali treatment is very efficient in degrading the cyanide content of CWW and has shown that the combination of physico-chemical analysis along with the sole toxicity assessment could provide valuable information about the sole toxicity of cyanide as a chemical pollutant present in the cassava effluent.Item Physico-chemical properties of municipal refuse in Lagos metropolis and cellulolytic activities of resident microorganisms associated with organic matter degradation(Ivyspring International Publisher, 2010) Ogunyemi, Adewale; Amund, Olukayode O.; Okpuzor, Joy; Adeiga, Adesina; Nneoma, Idika; Omowunmi, A.This study investigated the activities of micro organisms involved in the degradation of organic matter in solid wastes and their potential to produce cellulolytic enzymes. Soil samples of decomposing waste piles were collected from four designated landfill sites in Lagos metropolis and analyzed for physicochemical properties, toxic heavy metal content and microbial populations. Findings revealed that the moisture content of the soils ranged from 7.6 - 10.0% in all the locations sampled. Ojota-Olusosun site had the highest organic matter content of 10.65%. The highest viable bacterial counts were 28.2 ± 3.0 x 106 cfu/g while fungi were 47.0 ± 4.0 x 104 cfu/g respectively. A similar pattern was observed for phosphate and chloride levels while some heavy metals were also detected in varying and high amounts. There was a significant positive correlation at 5% level between fungal viable counts and phosphate ion while a significant negative correlation was observed for total hydrocarbon. The bacteria associated with the soil samples were identified as Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp, Klebisella spp, Micrococcus spp. and Acinetobacter spp while the resident fungal species were mostly the Aspergillus spp and an isolate identified as Mucor spp. The moulds were found to be capable of utilising lignin and cellulosic substrates for growth and for production of cellulolytic enzymes. Results from this study suggest that such micro organisms could be useful in bioconversion of cellulosic substrates and solid wastes to cellulolytic enzymes for industrial processes.