Browsing by Author "Ojo, Adeola A."
Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Bioinformatics and physicochemical properties of CzcE protein in Bacteria(Progressive Academic Publishing, UK, 2017) Ojo, Adeola A.This study investigated the bioinformatics of heavy metal resistance protein. Mega 6 was used to construct the divergence time and phylogenetic analysis of CzeC and Protparam was used to determine the amino acids, pI and Gravy of CzcE from different bacteria. The results showed the actual bacteria that contain the CzcE protein which can be useful for researchers that wants to work on this protein.Item In vitro analysis of the bioavailability of six metals via the gastrointestinal tract of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)(Elsiever, 2007) Ojo, Adeola A.; Wood, Christopher M.An in vitro gut sac technique was used to compare the uptake rates of essential (copper, zinc and nickel) and non-essential metals (silver, cadmium and lead) at 50 mol L−1 each (a typical nutritive level in solution in chyme) in the luminal saline in four sections of the gastro-intestinal tract (stomach, anterior, mid and posterior intestines) of the freshwater rainbow trout. Cu, Zn, Cd and Ag exhibited similar regional patterns: on an area-specific basis, uptake rates for these metals were highest in the anterior intestine, lowest in the stomach, and approximately equal in the mid and posterior intestinal segments. When these rates were converted to a whole animal basis, the predominance of the anterior intestine increased because of its greater area, while the contribution of the stomach rose slightly to approach those of the mid and posterior intestines. However, for Pb and Ni, area-specific and whole organism transport rates were greatest in the mid (Pb) and posterior (Ni) intestines. Surprisingly, total transport rates did not differ appreciably among the essential and non-essential metals, varying only from 0.025 (Ag) to 0.050 nmol g−1 h−1 (Ni), suggesting that a single rate constant can be applied for risk assessment purposes. These rates were generally comparable to previously reported uptake rates from waterborne exposures conducted at concentrations 1–4 orders of magnitude lower, indicating that both routes are likely important, and that gut transporters operate with much lower affinity than gill transporters. Except for Ni, more metal was bound to mucus and/or trapped in the mucosal epithelium than was transported into the blood space in every compartment except the anterior intestine, where net transport predominated. Overall, mucus binding was a significant predictor of net transport rate for every metal except Cd, and the strongest relationship was seen for Pb.Item In vitro anthelmintic activity of three medicinal plants(IJRDO, 2016-07) Ojo, Adeola A.; Osho, I. B.; Adewole, S. O.; Olofintoye, L. K.In vitro anthelmintic assay of three medicinal plants was conducted to investigate which plants were anthelmintic. In vitro anthelmintic activity of all the three medicinal plants were carried out using earthworm at 50, 100, 200mg/ml of plant extracts from Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum grattisimum and Talinum triangulare. Results showed that 200mg/ml was effective concentration for all the medicinal plants. Vernonia amygdalina showed faster anthelmintic than Ocimum grattisimum and Talinum triangulare. The plants can be used /employed in pharmaceutical industry to be used as anthelmintic drugs for treating livestocks affected with helminths.Item In vitro characterization of cadmium and zinc uptake via the gastrointestinal tract of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): interactive effects and the influence of calcium(Elsiever, 2008) Ojo, Adeola A.; Wood, Christopher M.An in vitro gut sac technique was employed to study whether Cd and Zn uptake mechanisms in the gastro-intestinal tract of the rainbow trout are similar to those at the gills, where both metals are taken up via the Ca transport pathway. Metal accumulation in surface mucus, in the mucosal epithelium, and transport into the blood space were assayed using radiolabelled Cd or Zn concentrations of 50 mol L−1 in the luminal (internal) saline. Elevated luminal Ca (10 or 100 mmol L−1 versus 1 mmol L−1) reduced Cd uptake into all three phases by approximately 60% in the stomach, but had no effect in the anterior, mid, or posterior intestine. This finding is in accordance with recent in vivo evidence that Ca is taken up mainly via the stomach, and that high [Ca] diets inhibit Cd accumulation from the food specifically in this section of the tract. In contrast, 10 mmol L−1 luminal Ca had no effect on Zn transport in any section, whereas 100 mmol L−1 Ca stimulated Zn uptake, by approximately threefold, into all three phases in the stomach only. There was no influence of elevated luminal Zn (10 mmol L−1) on Cd uptake in the stomach or anterior intestine, or of high Cd (10 mmol L−1) on Zn uptake in these sections. However, high [Zn] stimulated Cd transport into the blood space but inhibited accumulation in the mucosal epithelium and/or mucus-binding in the mid and posterior intestine, whereas high [Cd] exerted a reciprocal effect in the mid-intestine only. We conclude that Cd uptake occurs via an important Ca-sensitive mechanism in the stomach which is different from that at the gills, while Cd transport mechanisms in the intestine are not directly Ca-sensitive. Zn uptake does not appear to involve Ca uptake pathways, in contrast to the gills. These results are discussed in the context of other possible Cd and Zn transport pathways, and the emerging role of the stomach as an organ of divalent metal uptake.Item In vitro examination of interaction between copper and zinc uptake via the gastrointestinal tract of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).(Springer, 2009) Ojo, Adeola A.; Nadella, Sunita R.; Wood, Christopher M.An in vitro gut sac technique was used to investigate whether reciprocal inhibitory effects occurred between Cu and Zn uptake in the gastrointestinal tract of the rainbow trout and, if so, whether there was regional variation among the stomach, anterior intestine, mid intestine, and posterior intestine in the phenomena. Metal accumulation in surface mucus and in the mucosal epithelium and transport into the blood space were assayed using radiolabeled Cu or Zn at environmentally realistic concentrations of 50 μmol L−1 in the luminal saline, with 10-fold higher levels of the other metal (nonradioactive) as a potential inhibitor. Zn transport rates were generally higher than Cu transport rates in all compartments except the stomach, where they were lower. High [Zn] reduced Cu transport into the blood space in the mid and posterior intestines by 67% and 33%, respectively, whereas high [Cu] reciprocally reduced Zn transport into the blood space in these same sections by 54% and 78%. No inhibitions occurred in either the anterior intestine or the stomach. In these segments, elevated concentrations of the other metal stimulated Cu and Zn transport into the blood space and/or the mucosal epithelium by 50–100%, possibly by displacement from intracellular binding sites, thereby raising local concentrations at other transport sites. None of the treatments affected metal accumulation in surface mucus. The results indicate that one or more shared high-affinity pathways (possibly DMT1) occur in the mid and posterior intestine, which transport both Cu and Zn. These pathways appear to be absent from the stomach and anterior intestine, where other transport mechanisms may occur.Item Review on heavy metals contamination in the environment.(Progressive Academic Publishing, UK, 2017) Ojo, Adeola A.; Osho, I. B.; Adewole, Samuel O.; Olofintoye, Lawrence K.Review was made on heavy metals, the various organs that they affect in human body, their sources, effects and control. Heavy metals that are of environmental importance include cadmium, lead, arsenic and mercury. The various sources of these metals in the environment include mining, industry, exhaust fumes of vehicle, soil, food, water and so on. These metals affect various organs in human body such as kidney, central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, liver and so on. So in other to experience safety of living in the environment, the way these metals are released in to the environment should constantly be monitored and controlled. And there should be remediation for heavy metals in contaminated soils.Item Studies on ethnoveterinary practice of ruminants in Ekiti State Nigeria(Apex Journal, 2014) Ojo, Adeola A.; Adewole, Samuel O.; Olofintoye, Lawrence K.A survey was conducted in Ekiti State on ethnoveterinary practice used in rural areas against parasitic diseases of ruminants. A questionnaire was used for the survey among the rural people and pastorals. The result revealed the effect of socioeconomic characteristics such as age, sex, marital status, educational status, religion and occupation on the ethnoveterinary practice by the rural people of Ekiti State. The rural people should be more educated on how to improve on the use of traditional method to treat diseases to provide better health care for the animals. The most common diseases of goat in Ekiti State include mange and diarrhea. A total of 51 plants were observed to be in used by the people of Ekiti State. These plants came from 28 families. The various ethnoveterinary practice used in the study includes: palm oil, medicinal plants, cold water, hot ash, palm kernel oil, sand from stream water, kerosene, fire, Locust bean to treat diseases such as mange, respiratory diseases, neck problem, lameness, lice, diarrhea, parasite in the hoof, swollen body, mouth problem and so on. The government should fund research to test the findings (validation) in this study to further clarify them. And there should be biodiversity conservation.