Browsing by Author "Olutaiwo, Adewale"
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Item LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS (LCCA) COMPARISON OF PAVEMENTS (FLEXIBLE, RIGID AND RIGID-ADMIXED WITH COW BONE ASH)(Journal of Engineering and Technology for Industrial Applications, 2021-08) Ariyo, Adanikin; Falade, Funsho; Olutaiwo, Adewale; Ajibade, Temi; Adeoye, ItunuoluwaLife Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) acts as a decision support tool in economic evaluation of cost (agency and user) during pavement type selection, maintenance and rehabilitation strategy. The Life cycle cost analysis was done using the Present worth of Cost method. Technical Recommendations for Highway (TRH) 12 (pavement rehabilitation investigation and design) analysis was used for calculating the agency cost which entailed the initial rehabilitation, maintenance, future and salvage cost. The LCCA analysis period for this study was taken as 40 years as the analysis period have to be sufficiently long to reflect long-term cost differences associated with reasonable design strategies. The result of the study shows that the present worth cost for the varying Pavement presents the options available for decision making. The result revealed that the initial cost of Rigid pavement is the highest followed by the initial cost of Rigid pavement with 15% CBA while flexible Pavement has the lowest initial cost. However, considering the result showing the present worth cost for the varying pavement types present worth cost of flexible pavement is the highest followed by Rigid pavement and Rigid pavement with 15% CBA has the lowest life cycle cost. The study recommended that Rigid pavement with 15% CBA should be considered because it gives the lowest life cycle cost and the initial cost is relatively low.Item MECHANICAL STRENGTH DETERMINATION OF CRUSHED STONE AGGREGATE FRACTION FOR ROAD PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION (CASE STUDY: SELECTED QUARRIES IN WESTERN NIGERIA)(FUOYE, 2018-07-06) Adanikin, Ariyo; Olutaiwo, Adewale; Ashamo, AIn this research work, the mechanical strength of crushed stone aggregate fractions for road pavement construction in Western Nigeria was assessed. Samples of crushed stone aggregates were collected from nine (9) representative quarries spread across the states in Western Nigeria.The physical and mechanical properties of the aggregates were evaluated. The results were then compared with the specifications in international standards (BS and ASTM Standards). All the aggregate samples met the required limit for Loose Density, Water Absorption, Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV) and Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) tests. Aggregates samples from Samchase, Kopek, CCECC and SaliwaYetidipe quarries have flakiness indices exceeding the permissible limit (29.5%, 25.7%, 27.9% and 34.5% respectively). Hi-Tech and Western quarries samples have elongation indices of 44.5% and 40.3% respectively which are higher than the permissible limit. The two samples that failed Aggregate Abrasion Value test (AAV) are Hi-Tech and Western quarries, having 30.8% and 30.4% respectively. These two aggregates samples have AAV less than 35% which means they are still good for pavement construction only if the appropriate guidelines are followed (since any aggregate with AAV more than 35% is deemed weak for pavement construction). The study concluded that aggregates from Julius Berger quarry have the highest mechanical strength.Item Microstructural Analysis of Concrete Using Cow Bone Ash for Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Suppression(Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering, 2020) Adanikin, Ariyo; Falade, Funsho; Olutaiwo, AdewaleConcrete pavements are prone to microstructural changes and deterioration when exposed to Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR). ASR results in strength reduction, cracking, spalling and other defects in the concrete if left unchecked. Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) such as Cow Bone Ash (CBA) however can be used to improve concrete performance, hence its use in this study. Concrete samples were prepared at replacement levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of cement with Cow Bone Ash. The concrete samples were then subjected to petrographic and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. Petrographic examination shows that the minimal and least amount of ASR gels and micro cracking were observed at 15% CBA replacement of cement in the concrete samples. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that changes in the elemental composition of the concrete samples is related to the effect of CBA which enhances adhesion in the concrete. SEM analysis show that, in general, the change in microstructure in the concrete was mainly due to the change in the arrangement of the C-H-S compounds. The microstructure analysis indicates that CBA in concrete influences the densification of the concrete at the transition zone, resulting in a much lower porosity. This results in the concrete having a tightly bound layer that repels ingress of water and thereby inhibiting cracks and gel formation as water is a contributing factor to the ASR in concrete.Item Performance Study of University of Ado Ekiti (UNAD) Transit Shuttle Buses(Science Publishing Group, 2017-06-01) Adanikin, Ariyo; Olutaiwo, Adewale; Obafemi, TobiTraffic engineering uses engineering methods and techniques to achieve the safe and time efficient movement of people and goods on roadways. The safe and time efficient movement of people and goods is dependent on the transit system performance, which is directly connected to the traffic characteristics. The main parameters of performance of transport shuttles are traffic volume, speed, density and revenue; and all these are evaluated in this study. In the absence of effective planning and traffic management, current road infrastructure will not be able to cater for the future needs of the University. Students, staff and vehicle volumes have increased significantly in the last decade in the Institution, yet the performance of the transport shuttle have been dismal and unable to achieve its objectives. Findings of the study show that the morning peak period (8.00am to 9.00am) has 234 vehicles/hr, evening peak period (2.00pm to 3.00pm) has 284 vehicles/hr, while the offpeak period (11.00am to 12.00pm) has 156 vehicles/hr. The journey time from the Post Office bus stop to the University campus, measured as 34.01 minutes, was too long for the distance of 15.0km road which according to the Nigeria Highway Code should not be more than 18 minutes. The average stopping time was 6.55 minutes, average interval between arrivals of motorists was 16.40 seconds, the average queue length was 14.23 people, and the average waiting time at the bus-stop 4.17 minutes. These values were obtained using the queuing theory and shows much commuters time is lost on transit queues. The financial condition of the transit unit shows that amount generated is less than the amount expended by the transit operators. This means, in effect, that the shuttle bus operators are operating in deficit.Item Strength analysis of concrete pavement deformation due to Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR)(Algerian Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2020-10-14) Adanikin, Ariyo; Funsho, Falade; Olutaiwo, AdewaleAlkali Silica Reaction (ASR) is a chemical reaction that negatively affects concrete pavements strengths and integrity. ASR impedes concrete pavements' performance due to the formation of cracks and ultimate deformation if not properly controlled. Concrete pavements are gaining more relevance due to their ability to be constructed on soils with low bearing capacity and support high traffic loadings, thus increasing the need for studies on how ASR in the concrete pavements can be mitigated. This study employed compressive and flexural strength tests to determine the strength properties and deformation of concrete pavements due to ASR when partially replaced with CBA at varying percentages. Static structural modelling of the concrete as a multiphase material in which aggregates, cracks and gel formations are considered as embedded inclusions in the cement paste is then carried out. The results are then compared with relevant standards and findings of other researchers. The study's findings reveal that all the concrete cube samples passed the recommended compressive strength for rigid pavement, which range from 35 - 40 N/mm2 at 28th day. The concrete cube samples also passed the target strength of 48.25 N/mm2 obtained from the mix design. The effect of ASR resulted in lower compressive and flexural strengths observed at 180th and 240th days with lower CBA addition, while samples containing higher CBA contents had increasing compressive strength. The static structural modelling results reveal that the maximum deformation was obtained for the concrete cubes admixed with 0% CBA with 47.045 mm while the least deformation was obtained at 30% CBA replacement with deformation value of 5.542 mm on application of a 900 KN force. Therefore, the study posits that CBA addition will help reduce Portland Cement Concrete Pavement deformation due to ASR in relation to traffic loadings.Item Structural Evaluation of the Effect of Pulverized Palm Kernel Shell (PPKS) on Cement-Modified Lateritic Soil Sample(Science Publishing Group, 2017-11-01) Adanikin, Ariyo; Olutaiwo, Adewale; Ajisafe, SegunThere have been global efforts to reduce environmental pollution of agricultural and industrial waste products by utilizing such wastes as stabilizing agents to improve soils for various uses, especially road construction. In this research, lateritic soil sample obtained from a borrow pit was tested with varying percentages of Pulverized Palm Kernel Shell (PPKS). The soil was classified as A-6 (AASHTO classification) using standard soil laboratory tests. Laboratory tests such as Atterberg Limits, Compaction, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) were conducted on the soil + PPKS mix only and also on soil + PPKS + 3% Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) mix. The liquid limit (LL) and plasticity index (PI) values decreased steadily with increase in PPKS while the plastic limit (PL) value increased with up to 4% PPKS addition after which the values started decreasing. The shrinkage limit (SL) value increased with a peak value at 8% PPKS addition after which the values began to decrease. The Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) results on PPKS addition increased from 16% to 19.5% while the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) decreased by 45.18% from 1.669g/m3 to 0.915g/m3 . Addition of PPKS decreased the Unsoaked CBR by 10.79% from 68.60 to 61.20% while the Soaked CBR increased by 74.12% from 18.05% to 69.75%. UCS values for the lateritic soil and PPKS for the uncured sample, at 7 days and 14 days had peak values of 85.03, 96.46 and 100.44 respectively. From the study, it can be concluded that the properties of the Lateritic soil improved when stabilized with Cement and pulverized palm kernel shell compared to when it was stabilized with pulverized palm kernel shell alone