Browsing by Author "Omoya, F. O."
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Item Assessment of Mitigation Measures in Preventing Bacterial Infections in Selected Public Health Centres in Akure, Ondo State(Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 2019-05-10) Omoya, F. O.; Momoh, A. O.; Ajayi, K. O.Introduction: Hospital acquired infection (or nosocomial) is an infection whose development is favored by hospital environment. They are usually acquired by either a patient during a hospital visit (or when hospitalized), hospital staff or patients’ relatives that visit when the patient is on admission in the hospital. Nosocomial infections can cause severe pneumonia and infection of the urinary tract, wounds, blood stream and other parts of the body. Nosocomial infections are commonly encountered in Africa and in Nigeria in particular. Factors such as hospital hygiene / cleanliness, personal hygiene of patients, overcrowding hospital wards and illiteracy increases the risk of nosocomial infection. Methods: The assessment of mitigation measures put in place to reduce bacteria present in surfaces of facilities (pillow, bed sheets, door handles, toilet seats and the floor) in wards of selected basic health centres (Arakale, Aule, Ayedun, Isolo, Oba-Ile and Orita-Obele) in Akure was evaluated using both questionnaire and on-sight assessment techniques Results: The results showed that there was a direct relationship between the hand washing or sanitizer used and the bacterial load present in the various surfaces examined. Conclusion: Therefore, adequate ward hygiene in these health centres is necessary to reduce the risk of nosocomial infections for both patients and visitors.Item In vivo Effect of Cassava Flakes Mixed with Euphorbia heterophylla against Salmonella typhi(SCIENCEDOMAIN International, 2015-01-01) Omoya, F. O.; Momoh, Abdul O.; Olaifa, O. A.Aims: The therapeutic effect of Euphorbia heterophylla and cassava flakes mixture in treatment of Salmonellosis was studied in vivo. Methodology: Antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of Euphorbia heterophylla was first evaluated using agar well diffusion method by measuring the diameters of zones of inhibition on Salmonella typhi in vitro. The test organism was susceptible to Euphorbia heterophylla extract. Albino rats were infected with Salmonella typhi and confirmed using WIDAL test. Results: The result showed that the infectivity dose was 2.0×102 cfu/ml for an albino rat of average weight 110 g. The qualitative analysis of the phytochemical of the plant showed that anthraquinone, glycosides and alkaloid are present. The analysis of the pH of the white cassava flakes used was 3.83 while that of the red cassava flakes was 5.62. The titre value of the infected rats increased significantly from 1:20 to 1:160 three days after infection. Administration of Euphorbia heterophylla with cassava flakes mixture was found to effectively treat and reduce the titre value to 1:20 after treating for 7 days. The infection caused a decreasing effect on the haematological parameters such as PCV and WBC. The histopathological analyses of the organs of the infected rats caused mild to severe pathological changes varying from widespread vascular damage, haemorrhage, vasculitis, cellular degeneration and necrosis of the organs. The therapeutic effect of the treatment administered using the Euphorbia heterophylla – cassava flakes mixture showed recuperating cells of the organs analysed histopathologically. Conclusion: The results obtained in this work showed that Euphorbia heterophylla mixed with cassava flakes is an effective therapeutic agent for Salmonellosis and that the Euphorbia heterophylla with white cassava flakes mixture is more effective in the treatment of Salmonellosis.