DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Osuolale, Olayinka"

Browsing by Author "Osuolale, Olayinka"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10

Assessment of the Physicochemical Qualities and Prevalence of Escherichia coli and Vibrios in the Final Effluents of Two Wastewater Treatment Plants in South Africa: Ecological and Public Health Implications
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2015-10-23) Osuolale, Olayinka; Okoh, Anthony
The final effluents of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa were evaluated for their physicochemical and microbiological qualities over a period of 12 months. The physicochemical parameters assessed ranged as follows both plants. The ranges of values for the physicochemical are: pH (3.9–8.6), total dissolved solids (86.50–336.3 mg/L), electrical conductivity (13.57–52.50 mS/m), temperature (13–28 °C), nitrate (0–21.73 mg/L), nitrite (0.01–0.60 mg/L), orthophosphate (1.29–20.57 mg/L), turbidity (4.02–43.20 NTU), free chlorine (0.05–7.18 mg/L), dissolve oxygen (3.91–9.60 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (0.1–9.0 mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (4.67–211 mg/L). The microbiological assessment for both WWTPs revealed the presence of E. coli in counts ranging between 0 and 1.86 × 104 CFU/100 mL and Vibrio counts ranging between 0 and 9.93 × 103 CFU/100 mL. We conclude that these WWTPs are important point sources of pollution in surface water with potential public health and ecological risks.
A communal catalogue reveals Earth’s multiscale microbial diversity
(Nature Publishing Group, 2017-11-01) Osuolale, Olayinka; Thompson, Luke; The Earth Microbiome Project Consortium; Knight, Rob; Gilbert, Jack; Jansson, Janet; Ackermann, Gail; Kosciolek, Tomasz; Gibbons, Sean
Our growing awareness of the microbial world’s importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth’s microbial diversity
Detection and antibiotic susceptibility of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from the final effluent of two wastewater treatment Plants in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
(BioRxiv, 2017-07-24) Osuolale, Olayinka; Okoh, Anthony
Wastewater is an important reservoir for Escherichia coli and can present significant acute toxicity if released into receiving water sources without being adequately treated. To analyze whether pathogenic E. coli strains that cause infections are in treated effluent and to recognize antibiotic profile. 476 confirmed isolates from two treatment Plants were characterized for the presence of various E. coli pathotypes. A total of 8 pathotypes were screened and only four were confirmed. UPEC was about 5.7% followed by EAEC at 2.3%, NMEC at 1.1% and EPEC at 0.6%. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of E. coli pathotypes such as UPEC showed low resistance to antibiotics like meropenem (100%), cefotaxime (100%) and gentamicin (88.9%). The pathotype also showed high degrees of resistance to tetracycline (74.1%), ampicillin (74.1%) and cephalothin (66.7%). Other E. coli pathotypes, EAEC, NMEC and EPEC, showed high sensitivity (100%) to meropenem, gentamicin and cefotaxime, and varying degree of resistances to ampicillin, tetracycline and cephalothin. The results of this study reveal that the two Plants discharge effluents with pathogenic E. coli and are reservoir for the bacteria into receiving water sources. In summary, this finding raises the possibility that at least some pathogenic E. coli pathotypes are getting into the environment through WWTPs and represent potential route for enteropathogenic infection. In addition, certain pathotypes may have acquired resistance properties, becoming a potential cause of drug resistance infection. This study reveals inadequacy of the plants studied to produce effluents of acceptable quality
Detection And Antibiotic Susceptibility Of Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolated From The Final Effluent Of Two Wastewater Treatment Plants In The Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
(2025-04-23) Osuolale, Olayinka; Okoh, Anthony
Wastewater effluent is a significant reservoir for pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli, which can pose substantial acute risks if released into surface water without adequate treatment. This study examines the presence of pathogenic E. coli strains in treated effluents and determines their antibiotic profiles.. A culture-based approach was employed using E. coli differential chromogenic agar for isolation via the membrane filtration method. Confirmation of presumptive E. coli strains was achieved by PCR. The confirmed isolates were also genotyped to identify the species present. Antibiotic profiling of the confirmed isolates was performed using the CLSI-recommended first-line antibiotics for E. coli. Out of eight pathotypes screened, four were confirmed: Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) at 5.7%, Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) at 2.3%, Neonatal Meningitis E. coli (NMEC) at 1.1%, and Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) at 0.6%. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns showed that UPEC had low resistance to meropenem (100%), cefotaxime (100%), and gentamicin (88.9%), but high resistance to tetracycline (74.1%), ampicillin (74.1%), and cephalothin (66.7%). EAEC, NMEC, and EPEC exhibited high sensitivity (100%) to meropenem, gentamicin, and cefotaxime, with varying degrees of resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, and cephalothin. The study indicates that the two treatment plants discharge effluents containing pathogenic E. coli, serving as reservoirs for these bacteria. The study highlights the inadequacy of the plants to produce effluents of acceptable quality.
Human enteric bacteria and viruses in five wastewater treatment plants in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
(Elsevier, 2017-02-04) Osuolale, Olayinka; Okoh, Anthony
Monitoring effluents from wastewater treatment plants is important to preventing both environmental contamination and the spread of disease. We evaluated the occurrence of human enteric bacteria (faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli) and viruses (rotavirus and enterovirus) in the final effluents of five wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Human viruses were recovered from the effluent samples with the adsorption–elution method and detected with singleplex real-time RT–PCR assays. Rotavirus was detected in several effluents samples, but no enterovirus was detected. At WWTP-C, rotavirus titre up to 105 genome copies/L was observed and present in 41.7% of the samples. At WWTP-B, the virus was detected in 41.7% of samples, with viral titres up to 103 genome copies/L. The virus was detected once at WWTP-E, in 9% of the samples analysed. The viral titres at WWTP-A were below the detection limit in all 25% of the 1.25 L samples in which the virus was detected. Rotavirus was not observed at WWTP-D. Faecal coliform bacteria and E. coli were detected in all the WWTPs, but no correlation was established between the enteric bacteria and viruses studied. The occurrence of rotavirus in effluent samples discharged into surface waters highlights the importance of assessing viral contamination in the water sources used for domestic water use.
Incidence of human adenoviruses and Hepatitis A virus in the final effluent of selected wastewater treatment plants in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
(BioMed Central, 2015-06) Osuolale, Olayinka; Okoh, Anthony
Municipal effluent constitutes a large reservoir of human enteric viruses and bacteria. Contemporary monitoring practices rely on indicator bacteria, and do not test for viruses. Different viruses, including Norwalk-like viruses, Hepatitis A virus (HAV), adenoviruses, and rotaviruses, are important agents of illnesses in humans. The burden of disease caused by adenoviruses manifests as pneumonia, bronchiolitis, otitis media, conjunctivitis, and tonsillitis, whereas HAV infection can manifest as acute inflammatory diseases of the liver, fever, anorexia, malaise, nausea, and abdominal discomfort, followed by jaundice and dark urine. The public health implications of these viruses depend upon the physiological status of the wastewater microbial community.
Investigating the occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 in the final effluents of two wastewater treatment plants.
(BioRxiv, 2018-07-07) Osuolale, Olayinka; Okoh, Anthony
AIM: The final effluent of two wastewater plants located in the Eastern Cape of South Africa were tested for the presence of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) isolates, and characteristics of the isolates obtained were determined. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 23 wastewater samples were collected from the treatment plants at the final effluent point after the disinfectant stages of wastewater processing. Altogether, 540 presumptive E. coli isolates were obtained by colony counting on the E. coli O157:H7 chromogenic agar base supplemented with cefixime tellurite and were sub-cultured onto sorbitol-MacConkey agar and tested for agglutination using the Prolex E. coli O157 latex test reagent kit. The results showed that the 149 suspected colonies from SMAC agar were all negative for the antisera. CONCLUSION: None of the isolates agglutinated with antisera against E. coli O157. Thus no presence of the bacteria can be confirmed from the treated effluents SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: The likelihood of the receiving water body and the environment being contaminated with E. coli O157:H7 is therefore minimal.
The Metagenomics and Metadesign of the Subways and Urban Biomes (MetaSUB) International Consortium Inaugural Meeting Report
(BioMed Central, 2016-06-03) Osuolale, Olayinka; Mason, Christopher; MetaSUB International Consortium
The Metagenomics and Metadesign of the Subways and Urban Biomes (MetaSUB) International Consortium is a novel, interdisciplinary initiative comprised of experts across many fields, including genomics, data analysis, engineering, public health, and architecture. The ultimate goal of the MetaSUB Consortium is to improve city utilization and planning through the detection, measurement, and design of metagenomics within urban environments. Although continual measures occur for temperature, air pressure, weather, and human activity, including longitudinal, cross-kingdom ecosystem dynamics can alter and improve the design of cities. The MetaSUB Consortium is aiding these efforts by developing and testing metagenomic methods and standards, including optimized methods for sample collection, DNA/RNA isolation, taxa characterization, and data visualization. The data produced by the consortium can aid city planners, public health officials, and architectural designers. In addition, the study will continue to lead to the discovery of new species, global maps of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) markers, and novel biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Finally, we note that engineered metagenomic ecosystems can help enable more responsive, safer, and quantified cities.
Prevalence and characterisation of non-cholerae Vibrio spp. in final effluents of wastewater treatment facilities in two districts of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: implications for public health
(Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014-08-21) Osuolale, Olayinka; Okoh, Anthony; Sibanda, Timothy; Nongogo, Vuyokazi; Adefisoye, Martins; Nontongana, Nolonwabo
Vibrios and other enteric pathogens can be found in wastewater effluents of a healthy population. We assessed the prevalence of three non-cholerae vibrios in wastewater effluents of 14 wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Chris Hani and Amathole district municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa for a period of 12 months. With the exception of WWTP10 where presumptive vibrios were not detected in summer and spring, presumptive vibrios were detected in all seasons in other WWTP effluents. When a sample of 1,000 presumptive Vibrio isolates taken from across all sampling sites were subjected to molecular confirmation for Vibrio, 668 were confirmed to belong to the genus Vibrio, giving a prevalence rate of 66.8 %. Further, molecular characterisation of 300 confirmed Vibrio isolates revealed that 11.6 % (35) were Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 28.6 % (86) were Vibrio fluvialis and 28 % (84) were Vibrio vulnificus while 31.8 % (95) belonged to other Vibrio spp. not assayed for in this study. Antibiogram profiling of the three Vibrio species showed that V. parahaemolyticus was ≥50 % susceptible to 8 of the test antibiotics and ≥50 % resistant to only 5 of the 13 test antibiotics, while V. vulnificus showed a susceptibility profile of ≥50 % to 7 of the test antibiotics and a resistance profile of ≥50 % to 6 of the 13 test antibiotics. V. fluvialis showed ≥50 % resistance to 8 of the 13 antibiotics used while showing ≥50 % susceptibility to only 4 antibiotics used. All three Vibrio species were susceptible to gentamycin, cefuroxime, meropenem and imipenem. Multiple antibiotic resistance patterns were also evident especially against such antibiotics as tetracyclin, polymixin B, penicillin G, sulfamethazole and erythromycin against which all Vibrio species were resistant. These results indicate a significant threat to public health, more so in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa which is characterised by widespread poverty, with more than a third of the population directly relying on surface water sources for drinking and daily use.
Scarification of Exotic and Indigenous Plant Seeds in Nigeria: Effect on Dormancy and Germination
(BioRxiv, 2018-07-05) Amodu, Emmanuel; Osuolale, Olayinka
Dormancy is exhibited in many seed producing plants. It could be endogenous or exogenous, depending on the plant and the type of seed the plant produce. A survival strategy, plant use to conserve their genetic materials during unfavourable conditions. Scarification treatments has been used in this work to break the dormancy of Anacardium occidentale, Annona muricata, Jatropha curcas, Tamarindus indica and Artocarpus heterophyllus using 65% Nitric acid (HNO3), 65% Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), 0.5% Potassium tetraoxosulphate(VI) (K2SO4), 0.5% Urea (CH4N2O), 43% Ethanol (C2H6O) and Distilled water. Nitric acid (65% HNO3) produced the best result for Anacardium occidentale with high numbers of seedlings and a germination period of 15 days. Jatropha curcas did not produce a favourable result from the treatments. Tamarindus indica, water treatment produced the best result with six days of germination shorter than the controlled value (16 days). Nitric acid (65% HNO3) and water favor Annona muricata with germination period of 19 days as against 24 days for control experiment. Water and Potassium sulphate are the best treatments for Artocarpus heterophyllus as they produce viable seedlings with short germination period of 14 and 15 days which give a good result better than the 18 days of the control experiment.

Browsing by Author "Osuolale, Olayinka"

Results Per Page

Sort Options