DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Osuolale, Olayinka O."

Browsing by Author "Osuolale, Olayinka O."

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Annotating unknown species of urban microorganisms on a global scale unveils novel functional diversity and local environment association
(Elsevier: Environmental Research, 2021-09) Wu, Jun; Danko, David; Osuolale, Olayinka O.; et, al
In urban ecosystems, microbes play a key role in maintaining major ecological functions that directly support human health and city life. However, the knowledge about the species composition and functions involved in urban environments is still limited, which is largely due to the lack of reference genomes in metagenomic studies comprises more than half of unclassified reads. Here we uncovered 732 novel bacterial species from 4728 samples collected from various common surface with the matching materials in the mass transit system across 60 cities by the MetaSUB Consortium. The number of novel species is significantly and positively correlated with the city population, and more novel species can be identified in the skin-associated samples. The in-depth analysis of the new gene catalog showed that the functional terms have a significant geographical distinguishability. Moreover, we revealed that more biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) can be found in novel species. The cooccurrence relationship between BGCs and genera and the geographical specificity of BGCs can also provide us more information for the synthesis pathways of natural products. Expanded the known urban microbiome diversity and suggested additional mechanisms for taxonomic and functional characterization of the urban microbiome. Considering the great impact of urban microbiomes on human life, our study can also facilitate the microbial interaction analysis between human and urban environment.
An Assessment of the Effectiveness ofWeather Information Dissemination among Farmers and Policy Makers
(Sustainability, 2022-03-27) Sansa-Otim, Julianne; Nsabagwa, Mary; Osuolale, Olayinka O.; et, al
The changing environment, climate, and the increasing manifestation of disasters, has generated an increased demand for accurate and timely weather information. This information is provided by the National meteorological authorities (NMAs) through different dissemination channels e.g., using radios, Televisions, emails among others. The use of ICTs to provide weather information is recently gaining popularity. A study was conducted in three countries, namely Nigeria, Uganda, and South Sudan to assess the efficiency of an ICT tool, known as “Weather Information Dissemination System”. The study involved 254 participants (Uganda: 71; South Sudan: 133; and Nigeria: 50). The collected primary data were first quality controlled and organized thematically for detailed analysis. Descriptive statistics was used to provide quantitative analysis as well as content scrutinized for qualitative analysis. The results showed that there is a need for timely weather information to plan farming activities such as planting and application of fertilizers and pesticides as well as to manage flood and drought by the water sector and disaster management. Results further showed that the majority of the respondents have access to the technology needed to access weather and climate information. The respondents who received weather information from NMAs noted that the forecast was good. However, they further noted that there is more room for improvement especially with making the forecasts location-specific, ensuring mobile access is adequate in all regions, provision of weather information by SMS (in countries where this service is currently unavailable) and improved timing of the weather information. Finally, uncertainty about the accuracy of weather information and the weather information not meeting specific needs are key barriers to people’s willingness to pay for it (Uganda: 33.3%; South Sudan: 46.1%; and Nigeria: 33.3%). Improved collaborations between the NMAs, ICT service providers, policymakers and farmers will facilitate an effective approach to weather information access and dissemination. Innovative sensitization approaches through the media houses will enable better understanding of weather products and utilization, and access to enabling ICTs would increase access to weather forecasts
Cartography of opportunistic pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in a tertiary hospital environment
(Nature Medicine, 2020-06) Rei Chng, Kern; Li, Chenhao; Osuolale, Olayinka O.; et, al
Although disinfection is key to infection control, the colonization patterns and resistomes of hospital-environment microbes remain underexplored. We report the first extensive genomic characterization of microbiomes, pathogens and antibiotic resistance cassettes in a tertiary-care hospital, from repeated sampling (up to 1.5 years apart) of 179 sites associated with 45 beds. Deep shotgun metagenomics unveiled distinct ecological niches of microbes and antibiotic resistance genes characterized by biofilm-forming and human-microbiome-influenced environments with corresponding patterns of spatiotemporal divergence. Quasi-metagenomics with nanopore sequencing provided thousands of high-contiguity genomes, phage and plasmid sequences (>60% novel), enabling characterization of resistome and mobilome diversity and dynamic architectures in hospital environments. Phylogenetics identified multidrug-resistant strains as being widely distributed and stably colonizing across sites. Comparisons with clinical isolates indicated that such microbes can persist in hospitals for extended periods (>8 years), to opportunistically infect patients. These findings highlight the importance of characterizing antibiotic resistance reservoirs in hospitals and establish the feasibility of systematic surveys to target resources for preventing infections.
DENGUE VIRUS INFECTION AND LEISHMANIASIS IN PATIENTS ATTENDING A MEDICAL HEALTH CENTER IN THE RURAL COMMUNITY OF ILARA-MOKIN, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
(AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 2019-01) Osuolale, Olayinka O.; Daramola, Tolulope; Alajo, Olanike
Dengue and leishmaniasis are serious diseases that the World Health Organization (WHO) characterizes as lacking effective control measures. Transmitted by insect vectors and can result in epidemic outbreaks. Sustained control of the vectors are difficult for dengue and leishmaniasis because their high reproductive potential allows the vector populations to recover quickly after intervention wherever adequate breeding conditions exist. Because of their misdiagnosis or underdiagnosed, it is endemic in the tropical countries. Prevalence and epidemiology of these diseases is poorly understood and misdiagnosed in Nigeria, in most cases with malaria. Our study aims to investigate dengue virus and leishmaniasis co-infections in patients visiting a rural community medical center in Elizade University, Ilara Mokin, Ondo State. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for two months. SD Dengue Duo and Bio-rad IT Leish serological test kits was used for the samples analysis. This study examined 101 samples which were simultaneously tested for the target infections. In about 23.76% of the samples (24 samples) were positive for dengue infections. Gender wise, more males (79.17%) than females (20.83%) tested positive to the virus infection. 37.5% of the positive samples were primary infections, 91.6% were past or secondary infections and 33.3% of the samples show late primary infections and early secondary infections. Only 1 sample was positive for Leishmaniasis. The majority of the study population had no pre-knowledge of dengue infection and leishmaniasis as they are carriers of the diseases, providing new insights on both incidence and prevalence. It was discovered that those from villages especially the South-South of Nigeria tested positive the most as carriers of the diseases. Therefore, these areas need special attention for surveillance and treatment for preventive measures. In addition, this study recommends a concerted effort by all stakeholders to enlighten the people about dengue infection and leishmaniasis, and its prevention and eradication from such regions.
Global Genetic Cartography of Urban Metagenomes and Anti-Microbial Resistance
(BioRxiv, 2019-08-05) Danko, David; Osuolale, Olayinka O.; et., al
Although studies have shown that urban environments and mass-transit systems have geospa-tially distinct metagenomes, no study has ever systematically studied these dense, human/microbial ecosystems around the world. To address this gap in knowledge, we created a global metagenomic and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) atlas of urban mass transit systems from 58 cities, spanning 3,741 samples and 4,424 taxonomically-defined microorganisms collected for three years. The map provides annotated, geospatial data about microbial strains, functional genetics, antimicrobial resistance, and novel genetic elements, including 10,928 novel predicted viral species. Urban microbiomes often resemble human commensal microbiomes from the skin and airways but contain a consistent “core” of 61 species which are predominantly not human commensal species. These data also show that AMR density across cities varies by several orders of magnitude with many AMRs present on plasmids with cosmopolitan distributions. Conversely, samples may be accurately (91.4%) classified to their city-of-origin using a linear support vector machine over taxa. Together, these results constitute a high-resolution global metagenomic atlas, which enables the discovery of new genetic components of the built human environment, forensic application, and an essential first draft of the global AMR burden of the world’s cities.
A global metagenomic map of urban microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance
(Cell Journal by Elsevier, 2021-05-26) Osuolale, Olayinka O.; Danko, David; Bezdan, Daniela; et al
We present a global atlas of 4,728 metagenomic samples from mass-transit systems in 60 cities over 3 years, representing the first systematic, worldwide catalog of the urban microbial ecosystem. This atlas provides an annotated, geospatial profile of microbial strains, functional characteristics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) markers, and genetic elements, including 10,928 viruses, 1,302 bacteria, 2 archaea, and 838,532 CRISPR arrays not found in reference databases. We identified 4,246 known species of urban microorganisms and a consistent set of 31 species found in 97% of samples that were distinct from human commensal organisms. Profiles of AMR genes varied widely in type and density across cities. Cities showed distinct microbial taxonomic signatures that were driven by climate and geographic differences. These results constitute a highresolution global metagenomic atlas that enables discovery of organisms and genes, highlights potential public health and forensic applications, and provides a culture-independent view of AMR burden in cities.
Human adenoviruses and hepatitis A viruses in the final effluent of five wastewater treatment plants in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
(Environmental Health Perspectives : International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE)Conference Abstracts, 2020-10) Osuolale, Olayinka O.
Background: Large reservoirs of human enteric virus and bacteria have been attributed to municipal effluent. Contemporary monitoring practises rely on indicator bacteria but do not test for viruses. Different viruses including Norwalk-like viruses, hepatitis A virus, adenovirus and rotavirus are important agents of illnesses in human.Methods: The viral detection was done using the real-time PCR and conventional PCR was used for serotying in final effluents of five wastewater treatment plants in the Eastern Cape, South Africa over a period of 12 months (Sept 2012 – Aug 2013). Results: Adenovirus was detected in all five wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluent samples, while HAV was not detected in any of the effluent samples. At the WWPT-A, samples were collected from the final effluent tank and the discharge point. The viral concentration at the final effluent ranged between 1.05 × 101 - 1.10 × 104 genome copies/L and at the discharge point it ranged between 1.2 × 101 - 2.8 × 104 genome copies/L. At WWPT-B, the viral concentration ranged between 7.92 × 101 - 2.37 × 105 genome copies/L. The HAdV detected at WWPT-C ranged between 5.32 × 101 - 2.20 × 105 genome copies/L. WWPT-D recorded viral concentration ranged between 1.23 × 103 - 1.05 × 104 genome copies/L, while at the last WWTP (WWPT-E) viral concentration ranged between 1.08 × 101 - 5.16 × 104 genome copies/L. The characterizations of adenovirus reveal the presence of HAdV 2 (1.4%) and HAdV 41(7.1%) which is of species C and F respectively.Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate the prevalence of HAdV in final effluents of WWTPs in the Eastern Cape, South Africa and the frequency of detection of the virus demonstrates a potential contamination of the environment with adverse public health impact.
Isolation and antibiotic profile of Vibrio spp. in final effluents of two wastewater treatment plants in the Eastern Cape of South Africa
(bioRxiv, 2018-05) Osuolale, Olayinka O.; Okoh, Anthony
Background: Poorly or partially treated wastewater disposed of can contaminate water and even properly treated sewage can have its problems. The highlight of this danger is wastewater treatment plants serving as reservoir for proliferation of antibiotic resistant organisms. We have reported the state of two wastewater treatment in the Eastern Cape of South Africa which discharge poorly and partially treated effluents. Our aims to identify Vibrio spp. and their antibiotic profiles in treated final effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plant. Methods: Culture based approach using the TCBS agar for isolation Vibrio spp., presumptive isolates were purified and confirmed using PCR. The confirmed isolated were also genotyped to identify the species present. The antibiotic profiling of the confirmed isolates was using the CLSI recommended first line antibiotics for Vibrio. Results: Out of the 786 presumptive isolates, 374 were confirmed as Vibrio spp. None of the Vibrio spp. pathotypes were present in the confirmed isolates. Randomized isolates of 100 Vibrio spp. were selected, > 90 % of the isolates were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin, and > 50 – 80 % for Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Cefotaxime, and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole respectively. Conclusions: We are able to isolate Vibrio spp. from treated effluents but none of their pathotypes were present. The antibiotic agents considered for primary testing which are ciprofloxacin was the most effective of the antibiotic drugs, followed by cefotaxime, tetracycline with less susceptibility. Contamination from discharged effluents from wastewater treatment can lead to spread of spread of disease in this environment. The WWTPs studied are sources of pollution to surface water with environmental and public health.
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Myriad Other Applications
(The Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities : Journal of biomolecular techniques: JBT, 2021-09) Moore, Keith J. M.; Cahill, Jeremy; Osuolale, Olayinka O.; et, al
As the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic begins, it remains clear that a massive increase in the ability to test for SARS-CoV-2 infections in a myriad of settings is critical to controlling the pandemic and to preparing for future outbreaks. The current gold standard for molecular diagnostics is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but the extraordinary and unmet demand for testing in a variety of environments means that both complementary and supplementary testing solutions are still needed. This review highlights the role that loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has had in filling this global testing need, providing a faster and easier means of testing, and what it can do for future applications, pathogens, and the preparation for future outbreaks. This review describes the current state of the art for research of LAMP-based SARS-CoV-2 testing, as well as its implications for other pathogens and testing. The authors represent the global LAMP (gLAMP) Consortium, an international research collective, which has regularly met to share their experiences on LAMP deployment and best practices; sections are devoted to all aspects of LAMP testing, including preanalytic sample processing, target amplification, and amplicon detection, then the hardware and software required for deployment are discussed, and finally, a summary of the current regulatory landscape is provided. Included as well are a series of first-person accounts of LAMP method development and deployment. The final discussion section provides the reader with a distillation of the most validated testing methods and their paths to implementation. This review also aims to provide practical information and insight for a range of audiences: for a research audience, to help accelerate research through sharing of best practices; for an implementation audience, to help get testing up and running quickly; and for a public health, clinical, and policy audience, to help convey the breadth of the effect that LAMP methods have to offer.
Preparedness and Resilience of Education Systems to Address Multiple Threats: Pandemics, Hurricanes, Drought, Food Insecurity
(Commonwealth Secretariat, 2021) Gaspard-Richards, Denise; Banunle, Albert; Osuolale, Olayinka O.
Chapter 1 on the preparedness and resilience of education systems, identifies ways Commonwealth members have facilitated and supported the continuation of teaching and learning at the early childhood, primary and secondary education levels during the pandemic. Ultimately, the study aims to suggest ways education systems can meet multiple threats in the future, including from hurricanes, experiences of drought and other natural disasters. Key issues and policy messages arising out of Chapter 1 include the need for education systems to: • plan and be prepared to face emergencies of different types; • acknowledge and support students’ socioemotional and psychological well-being; • leverage communities by providing low-cost and low-tech solutions;• engage stakeholder business entities, community groups and external donors for collaboration and partnerships to ensure access to scarce resources; • ensure the sustainability of flexible teacher training opportunities; • introduce intensive monitoring strategies; and • intensify the response to inequality of opportunities in the education system.

Browsing by Author "Osuolale, Olayinka O."

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