Browsing by Author "Salami, A. E."
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Item EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT AQUEOUS PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST RICE BLAST DISEASE FUNGUS (Magnaporthe oryzae)(Ife Journal of Science, 2020-12) Agbowuro, G. O.,; Aluko, M.,; Salami, A. E.; Awoyemi, S. O.The antifungal potentials of some medicinal plant leaf extracts have been established against fungal diseases. This research work was conducted to evaluate the effects of aqueous plant leaf extracts of five plants: Apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera), Neem tree (Azadirachta indica), Thorn Apple/Angel's trumpet (Datura metel), Aleo plant (Aleo vera) and Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata)) at different concentration (25, 50, and 100%) against rice blast disease (Magnaporthe oryzae) in-vitro and in-vivo. The research work was laid out in a split-split plot arrangement using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were collected for disease severity, disease incidence, number of tillers per plant, number of filled grains, the weight of 1000 grains, and panicle weight. The data collected were analyzed using IRRI STAR software (IRRI, 1979). Percentage inhibition was significantly higher at higher concentrations for all the aqueous plant extracts as compared to lower concentrations. The field trial result shows that there were significant differences among all the studied traits though at different levels for all the sources of variation. The leaf plant aqueous extracts at all the varied concentrations reduced the rate of disease severity and incidence while the number of tillers per plant, the number of filled grains, the weight of 1000 seeds, and panicle weight increased compared to control. The result revealed that Apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera) is the most efficient in combating rice blast disease followed by Neem tree (Azadirachta indica), Thorn Apple/Angel's trumpet (Datura metel), Aleo plant (Aleo vera), and Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) in that other. These aqueous plant extracts can be used to manage rice blast disease at a low cost and it is ecofriendly compare to chemical fungicidesItem Genetic Studies of Grain Yield and other Agronomic Traits of Low-N Maize (Zea mays L.) Using a Diallel Cross under Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels(International Journal of Plant Breeding, 2019-10) Salami, A. E.; Afolabi, M. S.; Agbowuro, Gbenga O.Ten low-N open pollinated maize varieties were converted to inbred line after six generations of selfing and used to study the genetic effects of grain yield and other agronomic traits. The 10 inbred lines were crossed in all possible combinations to generate 90 F1 hybrids (45 crosses and 45 reciprocals). The 90 F1 along with their parents were evaluated at the Teaching and Research Farms of Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti and Osun State University, Ejigbo in 2017, using two environments created by levels of N (low and high). The design at each location was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replicates. Data were collected on plant height, ear height, days to 50% anthesis, days to 50% silking, incidence of curvularia leaf spot, blight, plant aspect, ear aspect, ear rot, stay green, cob per plant, ear weight, grain moisture content and grain yield. All data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance. Specific combining ability (SCA) and general combing ability (GCA) were obtained for the traits. The mean yield of the hybrids (6,444.42 t/ha) and reciprocal (5,971.64 t/ha) were significantly higher than their parents (2,212.84 t/ha). Significant GCA, SCA and reciprocal were recorded for all traits. Hybrids showed better performance compared with parental lines demonstrating heterotic effect. The ratio of GCA/SCA mean square revealed that non-additive gene action was more important for all the traits except ear height, blight, stay green and cob per plant. The estimate of GCA and SCA in this study provides the maize breeder with information to determine which lines to select to improve elite varieties and which parent lines should be used for making hybrids with greater grain yield under condition of low soil N.Item Genetic Variations, Heritability and Genetic Advance Studies among Okra Accessions grown in different Agro-ecological Zones in Nigeria(International Journal of Food Science and Agriculture, 2019-05-16) Agbowuro, Gbenga O.; Salami, A. E.; Awoyemi, S. O.; Ogunwale, G. I.; Kehinde-Fadare, A. F.; Olajide, O. O.Some level of variation within crop varieties is highly important for its improvement with the aids of good plant breeding methods. A field research experiment was carried out with the aim to estimate genetic variation and heritability in the okra accessions grown in different agro-ecological zones in Nigeria. Twenty okra accessions were obtained from various locations in different agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. Twenty okra accessions were evaluated between April to August 2018 at Ekiti State University Teaching and Research Farm, Ekiti State. These twenty okra accessions constituted the treatment, which was lied out in a RCBD in a three replicates. The result were highly significant (p<0.01) for all the traits studied. Magnitude of the phenotypic coefficient of variances were slightly higher than genotypic coefficient of variances in this study which showed that environment did not much influence the estimates of genetic performance. The coefficient of phenotypic and genotypic variances were high in the traits studied. Heritability estimates ranges from 75.04% for days to 50% flowering to 98.85% for weight of 100 seeds. High heritability with high genetic advance were observed for all the studied traits indicating that they are governed by additive gene action and this could be improved through simple selection except days to 50% flowering with the lowest heritability value coupled with the lowest genetic advance value lesser than 10%.