Browsing by Author "Momoh, A. O."
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Item Assessment of Mitigation Measures in Preventing Bacterial Infections in Selected Public Health Centres in Akure, Ondo State(Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 2019-05-10) Omoya, F. O.; Momoh, A. O.; Ajayi, K. O.Introduction: Hospital acquired infection (or nosocomial) is an infection whose development is favored by hospital environment. They are usually acquired by either a patient during a hospital visit (or when hospitalized), hospital staff or patients’ relatives that visit when the patient is on admission in the hospital. Nosocomial infections can cause severe pneumonia and infection of the urinary tract, wounds, blood stream and other parts of the body. Nosocomial infections are commonly encountered in Africa and in Nigeria in particular. Factors such as hospital hygiene / cleanliness, personal hygiene of patients, overcrowding hospital wards and illiteracy increases the risk of nosocomial infection. Methods: The assessment of mitigation measures put in place to reduce bacteria present in surfaces of facilities (pillow, bed sheets, door handles, toilet seats and the floor) in wards of selected basic health centres (Arakale, Aule, Ayedun, Isolo, Oba-Ile and Orita-Obele) in Akure was evaluated using both questionnaire and on-sight assessment techniques Results: The results showed that there was a direct relationship between the hand washing or sanitizer used and the bacterial load present in the various surfaces examined. Conclusion: Therefore, adequate ward hygiene in these health centres is necessary to reduce the risk of nosocomial infections for both patients and visitors.Item COMPARATIVE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF BENISEED EXTRACT, FERMENTED LIQUOR, FLAGYL AND TETRACYCLINE IN TREATMENT OF DIARRHOEA CAUSED BY SHIGELLA DYSENTRIAE IN ALBINO RATS.(International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR), 2020-07) Momoh, A. O.Diarrhoea, depending on the type is most characterized by the frequent passage of watery stool that may in some cases contains mucus and blood caused by either microorganisms, allergy or side effects of certain drugs. The efficacy of fermented beniseed liquor and the methanol extract in treating diarrhoea caused by Shigella dysenteriae in albino rats orogastrically infected with the bacteria was assessed. At the end of the experiment, microbiological, haematological, biochemical and liver functioning tests were performed on the blood from the animals. The results obtained from this analysis showed that the selected organism have high infectivity dose of 2.4 ×103 cfu/ml within 24-36 hours in rats of 82-102 g, caused a significant reducing effect on the weight of the albino rats and negative effect on the hematological and biochemical parameters assessed. Treatment of infected animals with the fermented liquor and methanol extract of beniseeds showed that both caused a significantly quick recovery of the infected animals from diarrhoea caused by the bacteria within five days of treatment. However, the rate of recovery was faster with the group of infected rats treated with the fermented beniseed liquor than the extract. Also, treatment with methanol extract of beniseeds also caused a significant increase in the cholesterol level of the blood from the animals. The results obtained from these analyses showed that beniseed have therapeutic properties and that the fermented form is more effective and can be used to treat diarrhoea caused by the selected bacteria used in this study in albino rats. The effect is however not as fast as the control drugs.Item The Efficacy of Andrographis paniculata and Chromolaena odorata Plant Extract against Malaria Parasite(International Journal of Biological, Veterinary, Agricultural and Food Engineering, 2014) Omoya, Funmilola O.; Momoh, A. O.Malaria constitutes one of the major health problems in Nigeria. One of the reasons attributed for the upsurge was the development of resistance of Plasmodium falciparum and the emergence of multi-resistant strains of the parasite to anti-malaria drugs. A continued search for other effective, safe and cheap plantbased anti-malaria agents thus becomes imperative in the face of these difficulties. The objective of this study is therefore to evaluate the in vivo anti-malarial efficacy of ethanolic extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Androgaphis paniculata leaves. The two plants were evaluated for their anti-malaria efficacy in vivo in a 4-day curative test assay against Plasmodium berghei strain in mice. The group treated with 500mg/ml dose of ethanolic extract of A. paniculata plant showed parasite suppression with increase in Packed Cell Volume (PCV) value except day 3 which showed a slight decrease in PCV value. During the 4-day curative test, an increase in the PCV values, weight measurement and zero count of Plasmodium berghei parasite values was recorded after day 3 of drug administration. These results obtained in group treated with A. paniculata extract showed anti-malarial efficacy with higher mortality rate in parasitaemia count when compared with Chromolaena odorata group. These results justify the use of ethanolic extracts of A. paniculata plant as medicinal herb used in folklore medicine in the treatment of malaria.Item Evaluation of the antibacterial properties of different extracts of beniseed (Sesamum indicum linn)(Sky Journal of Biochemistry Research, 2012-11-19) Momoh, A. O.; Adebolu, T. T; Ogundare, A. O.The active compounds of beniseeds was extracted using n-hexane, methanol, hot water and cold water to know the solvent with the highest percentage yield of the active components. Also, the antibacterial activity of each extract was determined using agar cup plate diffusion method on six diarrhoeagenic bacteria. The result of the analysis showed that n-hexane had the highest percentage yield (8.25%), while cold water had the lowest percentage yield (4.20%). Methanol extract recorded the highest inhibitory effect of 39.33 mm of zone diameter on Bacillus cereus, while cold water had the lowest inhibitory effect of 2.67 mm diameter zone on Enterobacter faecium. Therefore, n-hexane is the best solvent in terms of high yield of the extract of beniseeds compounds; methanol however should be used as solvent of extraction of beniseed compounds for antibacterial activity.Item Evaluation of the mosquito Repellency properties and antibacterial effects of lemon grass (Cymbopogon Citratus) extracts(European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience, 2020-11-06) Momoh, A. O.; Gbenedio, V.O.; Onile, O.S.; Olupona, I.The incidence of malaria infection from infected female Anopheles mosquito is a global health challenge. Insect repellency is used to force back insect; preventing insect borne diseases. The antibacterial and repellency property of lemongrass extracts was determined using microbiological methods. The leaf of the plant was air-dried, blended and extracted using methanol and isolates of Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The repellency property was tested on shaved albino rats for a period of 6 hours. The results showed that the methanol extract exerted the highest inhibitory property with diameter of 22.44± 0.51mm, 17.21±0.51mm and 14.28± 1.12mm on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli respectively. The chloroform extract exerted the highest zone of inhibition on Bacillus cereus having a diameter of 13.66± 0.33mm. Comparatively, the methanol extract was more effective than most of the commercial antibiotics used, which also repelled female anopheles mosquito for 5½ hours before any landing was observed. Observations from this research shows that lemongrass has antibacterial effect against the bacteria used and can be used to design new antibacterial or to fortify the existing ones. The extract can also be used for repelling insects and mixed with creams to repel vectors mosquitoes.Item In Vivo Evaluation of the Antiplasmodial Property of Ethanol and Hot Water Extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus Mushroom(Science publishing group, 2017-03-15) Omoya, O. F.; Momoh, A. O.; Adegoke, O. AMushrooms are considered as a functional food, which can provide health benefits beyond the traditional nutrients they contain and Pleurotus ostreatus is a common edible mushroom known for its oyster-shaped cap. The in-vivo evaluation of the antiplasmodial property of ethanol and hot water extracts of P. ostreatus mushroom was carried out using standard microbiological methods. The mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei NK 65 species and the 4-day Peters suppressive test was carried out using 200 and 400 mg/ml of the extracts respectively. 5mg/ml chloroquine antimalarial drug was used as control drug. The malaria parasite load, full blood counts and histopathological analysis of the liver of the mice were done at the end of the experiment. The results showed that P. berghei caused a reduction in the weight from 22.8±0.20 g to 17.4±0.66 g. as well as a reduction in the temperature of the mice from 36.8±1.22°C to 34.2±0.20°C. The mushroom hot water extract exerted the highest percentage suppression of 76.82% after 24 hours, 92.35% after 48 hours, 96.08% after 72 hours and 99.81% after 96 hours. The parasite caused an increase in Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) from 1.33±0.33 mm/hr to 11.66±0.93 mm/hr, high white blood cell (WBC) count of 275.6 mm-3 and low packed cell volume (PCV) of 14.00±0.57%. The WBC differential count showed that the parasites caused a reduction in the number of lymphocytes (from 64.33% to 51.67%) while causing increase in neutrophils (25.33% to 32.67%). The P. berghei caused some negative pathological features ranging from a liver hepatocytes with profuse haemorrhage, dilated sinusoids and hepatocellular drainage, while the control group had well-formed and thickened liver hepatocytes without distinct cells or infiltrations. Therefore, Pleurotus ostreatus have antiplasmodial property and the hot water extract is more potent than the ethanol extract.Item Intra- and Inter-individual Variation in Population of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in Faeces of Some Healthy Individuals(British Microbiology Research Journal, 2015-12-04) Fadare, O. S.; Sabri, S.; Pachenari, A.; Momoh, A. O.; Makinde, O. A.Aims: To evaluate the variation of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium population within and between healthy individuals. Methodology: Five healthy participants were recruited, and advised not to consume yoghurt, antibiotics, alcohol and steroid during the study. Three (3) fecal samples from each participant obtained at one week interval (total of 15 samples a week) for three weeks were examined for each subject bacteria. The samples were collected in sterile specimen jars and immediately taken to the laboratory for analysis. MRS and BIM-25, a selective medium were used for the enumeration of Lactobacillus sp and Bifidobacteria respectively using plate count method. Target bacteria were confirmed by PCR technique and biochemical tests. Results: All isolates picked from their respective selective media were confirmed to be lactobacillus and bifidobacteria. The confirmation was carried out using both biochemical tests and PCR. The results of the statistical analysis of the data obtained using SPSS version 16 showed that intra-individual variation of the population of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria was significantly lower than inter-individual variation at P <0.05. Conclusion: This study establishes the fact that the composition level of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium varies within and between healthy human gut at different points in time.Item Therapeutic effect of beniseeds extract and fermented liquor in treatment of diarrhoea in albino rats infected with Bacillus cereus(2012-12-10) Momoh, A. O.; Adebolu, T.T.; Ogundare, A.O.The therapeutic efficacy of fermented beniseed liquor and the methanol extract in treating diarrhoea in albino rats infected with selected diarrhoeagenic bacteria was assessed. At the end of the experiment, haematological, biochemical and liver functioning tests were performed on the blood from the animals. The results showed that the selected organism have high infectivity dose, caused a significant reducing effect on the weight of the albino rats and negative effect on the hematological and biochemical parameters assessed. Treatment of infected animals with the fermented liquor and methanol extract of beniseeds showed that both caused a significantly quick recovery of the infected animals from diarrhoea within five days of treatment. However, the rate of recovery was faster with the group of infected rats treated with the fermented beniseed liquor than the extract. The results obtained from these analyses showed that beniseed have therapeutic properties and that the fermented form is more effective and can be used to treat diarrhoea caused by the selected bacteria used in this study in albino rats.