Browsing by Author "Momoh, A.O."
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Item Comparative Effects of Garlic, Yogurt, Beniseed Liquor and Fresh Orange Juice on Induced Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus in Rabbits using Streptozotocin(Journal of Food & Nutritional Disorders, 2019-10-21) Omoya, F.O.; Momoh, A.O.Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce type-1 diabetes mellitus in animal models (twenty-one rabbits) at 60 mg/kg birth weight with two weekly booster doses to cause chronic diabetes in New Zealand White rabbits. They were given single intravenous dose of STZ in 1mL citrate buffer having a pH 4.6 and the booster dose given after 7 days and 14 days respectively. The blood glucose level was monitored along with the clinical signs including changes in behavior and weight loss. Treatment commenced immediately after the third booster when the rise in blood sugar was observed (4 hours later). They were treated with glucovance (a drug), fresh garlic extract, yogurt, beniseed liquor and orange juice for a period of 12 weeks (3 months) with the effect of the treatments checked on the glucose level of their blood, full blood count analysis using Mindray BC3300 auto-hematology analyzer and histopathology analysis of their pancreas. The results showed that the glucose level of the rabbits was within 70.02 ± 1.0 mg/dl at p ≤ 0.05 before they were induced. The level rose to 187.33 ± 0.9 mg/dl after the 3rd booster dose of streptozotocin was given to the rabbits. Gross morphology of selected organs showed that the inducement caused discoloration of the kidneys, oedema of the pancreas and significant increase in weight of the heart at p ≤ 0.05. There were no significant differences at p ≤ 0.05 between Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of the control group and the group induced and treated with diabetes drug; while there were significant differences in the fibrinogen values for the experimental groups. The induced type 1 diabetes mellitus caused an increase in the basophils, monocytes, and neutrophils while it caused significant decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes. Histopathologically, the inducement caused poor formation of the islet of Langerhans cells and dot necrotized cells. There is profuse hemorrhage from highly vascularized pancreatic acini surrounded by parenchyma fat cells. The group induced and treated with garlic extract showed some good features that not only depict a good and fast recovery from diabetes but showed some other health benefits of garlic. They are presence of well-formed pancreatic acini and cell infiltrations with well-spaced interstitial cells of the pancreas that shows active cell division of the pancreatic ducts and acini. There is splay and intrafaradization of the cracked pancreatic ducts. The presence of artifacts is seen at the anterior portion of the plate with well-formed interlobular and intralobular ducts. The effect of garlic extract as a good antidiabetic agent has been well established in this research. The curative strength of other foods such as yogurt and fruit extract has been proven in the findings of this research. Therefore, garlic has the most outstanding positive effect on diabetes and is recommended for people who are diabetic to feed on it or use it as food supplement.Item The Evaluation of the Effects of Orange Juice on the Microflora, Haematology and Selected Organs of Albino Rats(Journal of Probiotics & Health, 2021-01-07) Momoh, A.O.; Loyibo, E.Fresh oranges juice is an excellent source of vitamin C and contains powerful natural antioxidant, folate, dietary fibre and other bioactive components. The effects of fresh orange juice on the microflora, haematology and histopathology of selected organs of albino rats was evaluated using standard methods. Different volumes of the juice were fed to the rats daily for 8 weeks. Their weight was taken every other day and a comprehensive assessment of their hematology, gastrointestinal flora and histopathology of selected organs done. The juice did not cause any pathological degeneration of the tissue or organs assessed. It caused increased in Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of the rats with the highest increase observed in the rats given 1.0 ml of the juice daily. The PCV was 51.22 ± 1.24% for the group given 1.0 ml daily while the control group was 41.33 ± 0.67%. All the results for the PCV were significantly different at P ≤ 0.05. None of the rats gut was sterile with 7 bacteria identified. The bacteria load ranges from 1.3 × 102 cfu/ml to 1.9 × 104 cfu/ml. The group fed with 0.5 ml of the juice had the highest weight gain. The results obtained has proof the effect of fresh orange juice as a source of vitamin. The histopathological results of the selected organs showed that they are pathologically fine without any degeneration of tissues thereby providing evidence that fresh orange juice has prophylactic and therapeutic values. Conclusively, fresh orange juice has medicinal values, boost immunity, increase blood volume, and restore normal gastrointestinal microflora.Item Isolation and identification of spoilage microorganisms from different varieties of tomatoes(European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience, 2020-10-27) Momoh, A.O.; Aladeyelu, A.E.; Tuomokeme, D.E.Tomatoes is one of the perishable fruits grown in large quantity in Nigeria and the world over. Six different varieties that are mostly grown in Nigeria was studied for the microorganisms responsible for their spoilage using standard microbiological methods. Different media was used to help identify the bacteria and fungi and determine their load. The results showed that cherry tomatoes have the highest bacterial load of 6.9×104 cfu/g, while the grape and beske tomatoes both have the least bacterial loads of 2.6×104 cfu/g respectively. Beef tomato had the second highest bacterial load of 5.5×104 cfu/g, while this is closely followed by plum tomato. In all, a total of six (6) bacteria were isolated from the different species of tomatoes used for this assay. They are Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. A total of nine (9) fungi were isolated from the tomato samples and they are Aspergillus Niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Mucor mucedo, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporium, Penicillium oxalicum, Pithomyces sp, Penicillium notatum and Rhizopus oligosporus. The results obtained has shown that spoilt tomatoes habour pathogenic bacteria and fungi which can produce different types of mycotoxins that are toxic to man’s health. Therefore, tomatoes should be preserved properly and spoilt tomatoes should never be consumed. Also, spoilt tomatoes should be disposed properly in order not to endanger the public. Tomatoes to be eaten raw should be washed properly with clean water to avoid consumption of these bacteria and fungi as well as their toxins.Item Nutritional and Immunomodulatory Activities of Extra Virgin Olive Oil in the Treatment of Diarrhoea in Albino Rats Infected with Escherichia Coli 0157:H7(The Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences, 2014-10-05) Oladunmoye, M.K.; Oso, B.I.; Momoh, A.O.Nutrition refers to the study or intake of food considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs while immunomodulation refers to changes in the activity of the immune system caused by factors inhibiting the functions of the immune system, hence, studies aimed at modifying the immune response to prevent infections. In this present study, the effectiveness/imunomodulatory effect of extra virgin olive oil (EOO) supplementation in the diet of experimental animals (albino rats) infected with E scherichia coli 0157:H7 to cause diarrhoea was studied. Effects of EOO on weight gain and haematological profile of mice was also monitored. E. coli counts were performed in both animal stool (feces) and urine. For the experiment, 16 albino rats were assigned at random to four (4) groups designated as A, B, C, and D, (four animals per group) and all were aged between 4-6 weeks. The rats were acclimatized for ten (10) days and subsequently monitored for seven (7) days (experimental period). The result of the experiment showed that the infectivity dose of E. coli 0157:H7 in albino rats was 1.7×103 Cfu/ml. The animals in groups A-C were inoculated orally (1.7×103Cfu/ml/mouse) while animals in group D were used as control. Loss in weights occurred in animals when infection set. The E. coli 0157:H7 infection caused diarrhoea which was treated with extra virgin olive oil (A), chloramphenicol (B), Not treated at all (C). The treatment with extra virgin olive oil was however not as effective as the standard antibiotic (chloramphenicol) in infected animals. The haematological profile of the rats revealed high Red Blood Cell counts (RBC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Heamoglobin (Hb), low White Blood Cell counts (WBC) and WBC differential counts revealed higher lymphocyte counts, low neutrophil and monocyte counts, normal counts for eosinophils and basophils when compared with the control group (D). Also the only microorganisms isolated from the extra virgin olive oil (EOO) were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis. The results obtained in this study has shown that extra virgin oil has antibacterial property and that it was able to cure diarrhoea caused by E. coli 0157:H7 in albino rats.