Allied Health Sciences

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A comparative analysis of depression between pregnant and non-pregnant adolescents in a southwestern town in Nigeria
(2022-04-02) Mosanya, Julianah T.; Adegbite, Temilade A.; Adebayo, Kazeem O.; Egbewale, Bolaji E.; Ijadunola, Kayode T.
Background Adolescence constitutes a risk factor for mental health problems, and this may be further complicated by pregnancy. The rate of adolescent pregnancy is still extremely high in the sub-Saharan Africa including Nigeria. Pregnancy and mental health problems during adolescence constitute double vulnerability for negative outcomes for the adolescents and their offspring. Methodology The study was cross-sectional in design and it compared prevalence of depression and associated factors among pregnant and non-pregnant adolescents. It was conducted in Osogbo metropolis, Osun State, Southwest, Nigeria. The study population comprised pregnant adolescents (aged 15-19 years) attending antenatal care (ANC) in selected formal and informal health facilities. Non-pregnant adolescents who were equally attending services at the facilities were recruited as the control group. Information was obtained from the adolescents with the use of a structured questionnaire and data was analysed with IBM-SPSS version 21 software. Results Three hundred and thirty-four respondents (167 per group) were involved in the study; the pregnant adolescents had a mean age (±SD) of 17.92 (±1.13) years while the non-pregnant adolescents had a mean age of 17.70 (±1.23) years. The prevalence of depression among the pregnant adolescents was 8.4% while that of the non-pregnant adolescents was 3.0%. The result showed a statistically significant association between pregnancy status and depression among the adolescents (p= 0.033). Living arrangement was the only socio-demographic variable that had significant relationship with depression among the pregnant adolescents while living arrangement and employment status had significant relationships with depression among the non-pregnant adolescents. History of mental illness, childhood sexual abuse and anxiety symptoms showed significant relationship with depression among pregnant adolescents, however, only anxiety symptoms showed significant relationship with depression among non-pregnant adolescents. Conclusion The study concluded that the prevalence of depression is significantly higher among pregnant adolescents with similarities and differences in the factors associated with depression in the two groups.
Acceptability, feasibility and affordability of infant feeding options for HIV-infected women: a qualitative study in south-west Nigeria
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2006-06-01) Abiona, Titilayo C.; Onayade, Adedeji A.; Ijadunola, Kayode T.; Obiajunwa, Perpetua O.; Aina Olabisi I.; Thairu, Lucy N.
The objective of this study was to explore the acceptability, feasibility, affordability, safety and sustainability of replacement feeding options for HIV-infected mothers in Ile-Ife, in south-westNigeria. Six focus group discussions were conducted with a purposive sample of mothers, fathers and grandmothers. The HIV status of all participants was unknown to investigators. All text data were analysed using the Text-based Beta Software program. With regard to the acceptability of replacement feeds, respondents perceived the stigma associated with not breastfeedingto be an important consideration. In this community, breastfeeding is the norm – even though is not necessarily exclusive. For infected mothers who choose to breastfeed exclusively and then to wean their infants before 6 months of age, respondents did not anticipate early cessation of breastfeeding to be problematic. Respondents noted that acceptable replacement foods included infant formula, soy milk and cow’s milk. Barriers to replacement feeding that werementioned included: the high costs of replacement foods and fuel for cooking; an unreliable supply of electrical power; poor access to safe water; and poor access to storage facilities. The research confirms the difficulty of replacement feeding for HIV-infected mothers in subSaharan Africa. The results also provide the basis for new issues and hypothesis for future research in other communities with similar socio-cultural and economic characteristics.
Addressing inclusiveness in tertiary co-education: Attitude of undergraduate and academic staff towards students with disabilities in a South-West Nigerian University
(Routledge, 2022-01-02) Ijadunola, Macellina; Akinyemi, Patrick; Olowookere, Oluwapelumi; Olotu, Oluwatosin; Goodman, Olayinka; Ogundiran, Abdurrahman; Ijadunola, Kayode T.
People living with disabilities constitute a large proportion of Nigeria’s population and there is a need for assessment of attitudes of members of the society towards these people with disabilities. This study was conducted in a Nigerian University using a descriptive cross-sectional study design and 339 undergraduate students and 24 academic staff were proportionally allocated to selected departments of the university. Six out of ten undergraduates (60.77%) and 50% of academic staff had positive attitudes towards students with disabilities. Being female, knowing someone with a disability and positive perception were significant factors associated with having a positive attitude among students. Shorter duration in academia and positive perception of living with disabilities were significant factors associated with having positive attitude towards students with disabilities among staff. A significant proportion of students and staff still have poor attitudes towards students with disabilities, 39.23% and 50.0%, respectively. There is a need for staff sensitization and introduction of disability studies to the curriculum of undergraduate students to educate them. It is hoped that these measures will improve the attitude of students and academics with negative attitudes and serve as reinforcement for those with positive attitudes.
Antibiotics use pattern and knowledge of antibiotics resistance among undergraduates in a Nigerian university
(Elsevier, 2012-06) Aladejare, A.; IJadunola, Kayode T.; Akorah, U. A.; Alabi, O. T.; Aladejebi, O. E.; Alege, F. F.
Misuse of antibiotics is one of the notable causes of antibiotic resistance, but there is very little data on the community practices in our environment. The study is aimed at describing the antibiotic use pattern, knowledge and perception of antibiotic resistance among undergraduates at Obafemi Awolowo University. This cross-sectional study was carried out from May - July 2011. 400 respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique across six faculties. A Pilot tested semi-structured self administered questionnaire was used to collect data after informed consent was obtained. Data was analysed using SPSS. Frequency distributions and percentages were determined as applicable. Majority (73.8%) of respondents were aged between 15-24 years. Most (81.9%) of them admitted taking antibiotics without completing the full course while only 16.0% completed the full course of antibiotics. 20.5% of the respondents admitted taking incomplete courses every time, while 43.6% admitted doing so sometimes. Major reasons for stopping the antibiotic were; improvement in condition (47.3%) and dislike of medicine (14.1%). Most (48.1%) got the prescription for the last antibiotic from a doctor, while a significant 18.1% were self prescribers. Only (0.5%) got their prescription from drug hawkers. Ampliclox, Ampicillin and Tetracycline were the most frequently used antibiotic. Convenience was the major reason reported for choosing the sources of antibiotics however, majority (63.3%) usually procure their antibiotics from a commercial pharmacy. Some inappropriate reasons for antibiotic use were; ‘fever unresponsive to other drugs’ (44.8%), ‘eating food suspected to be contaminated’ (19.7%), ‘to wash blood’ (18.4%), and ‘after unprotected sex’(5.1%) among others. More than half of the respondents (55.5%) have heard of antibiotic resistance and had good knowledge of it causes and consequences. (37.8%) have never heard of antibiotic resistance. The study concluded that the antibiotic use pattern of the students was sub-optimal as many of them engaged in taking incomplete courses of antibiotics while others engaged in inappropriate use of antibiotics, despite the high awareness of the problem of antibiotic resistance among them. These findings emphasize the need to educate the students on the judicious use of antibiotics.
Assessment of andropause awareness and erectile dysfunction among married men in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
(The International Society for the Study of the Aging Male (ISSAM)--Taylor & Francis, 2009-08-28) Fatusi, A. O.; Ijadunola, K. T.; Ojofeitimi, E. O.; Adeyemi, M. O.; Omideyi, A. K.; Akinyemi, A.; Adewuyi, A. A.
Andropause (also known as androgen decline in aging males) has implications for the reproductive health and quality of life of older males. Very few studies have, however, been reported among the Nigerian population on andropause-related issues. This study assesses the perspective and level of awareness of married men in Ile-Ife, South-west Nigeria, of andropause. We also assessed their experience of erectile dysfunction, using a questionnaire based on the review of the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction. The study involved 355 married men, aged between 30 and 70 years. Our result shows a high level of misconception about andropause among our respondents, with 38.9% indicating that it is a myth, and another 23.6% attributing it to various causes other than being a natural aging process. We recorded a prevalence of erectile dysfunction of 43.8% (8.0% severe dysfunction and 35.8% moderate dysfunction). The prevalence of erectile dysfunction increased significantly with age, varying from 38.5% for age 31-40 years to 63.9% for the older age group of 61-70 years. The trend in prevalence of erectile dysfunction with age was significant (p < 0.05). An odds ratio of 2.82 (95% confidence interval 1.19-6.76) was recorded for the prevalence of erectile dysfunction at age 61-70 years compared with age 31-40 years. Our findings indicate a need for health education about andropause in Nigeria, and increased attention to the reproductive health concerns of males, and the older population.
Assessment of Dietary Knowledge, Practices and Control in Type 2 Diabetes in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
(Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 2005-01) EA Abioye-Kuteyi; EO Ojofeitimi; KT Ijadunola; AO Fasanu
Background: In spite of the importance of diet in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetics are often unaware of its place in ensuring good glycemic control. Consequently, compliance and adherence with dietary advice remain poor among diabetics. The standard of practice of dietary therapy for DM among physicians is also low. The aim of this study therefore was to assess the dietary knowledge, practices and control of type 2 DM in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Method: All 33 types 2 diabetes patients that attended the hospital over a three-month period were studied to assess knowledge of DM, dietary practice and control. Percentage perceived, correct and accurate knowledge as well as practice were used for comparative analysis. Results: All 33 subjects had truncal obesity and needed to lose weight. This was moderately severe in 60% of subjects. About 52% received dietary advice. The latter had a significantly higher mean dietary knowledge score than those without dietary advice. Significantly higher mean knowledge scores seemed to be associated with better dietary practices and better glycemic control. Overall, dietary practices improved significantly following diagnosis and counselling. A significant proportion of subjects increased their use of food with low glycemic index (legumes 48.5%, cereals 90.9%) following diagnosis. Conclusion: The findings further emphasize the importance of structured dietary advice and dietary control in Type 2 diabetes. In settings where dieticians are scarce, physicians managing diabetic patients must be skilled in the dietary management of the condition and show commitment to it.
Assessment of Voluntary Counselling and Testing Uptake Among Adults in Osun State Nigeria
(Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2013) Amu, E. O.; Ijadunola, Kayode T.; Odu, O. O.
In Nigeria less than 10% of people infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus are aware of their HIV status. This poses a great challenge to effective control of the spread of the disease. The study assessed the uptake of Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) among adults of reproductive age in Osun State, Nigeria. Respondents from three Local Government Areas of Osun State were selected for the study which employed a descriptive crosssectional design. An interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from 720 male and female respondents of reproductive age group. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 15 and the results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that only 17.9% of the respondents had ever accessed VCT. The commonest reasons reported for accessing it were the desire to know their HIV status (36.4%), doctor’s request sequel to being sick (24.8%) and ante-natal care screening (22.5%), among others. Respondents with tertiary education were more likely to access VCT. Eighty two percent (82%) of the respondents had never accessed VCT before. The study concluded that adults of reproductive age in Osun State had poor uptake of VCT and those with tertiary education were more likely to access the services. Continuous media education, social marketing of VCT, building more testing sites in rural areas and scaling-up of the services in routine medical and obstetric care, can help to improve the uptake. Keywords: Adults of reproductive age, assessment of VCT, HIV status, HIV/AIDS, VCT uptake, voluntary counselling,
Asthma in a University Campus: A Survey of Students and Staff of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
(Taylor & Francis, 2016-01-02) Erhabor, Gregory E.; Obaseki, Daniel O.; Awopeju, Olayemi F.; Ijadunola, Kayode T.; Adewole, Olufemi O.
Asthma continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. But, its burden among adult populations in university campuses is not well described. Method: Through a multistage cluster sampling of students and staff of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, we obtained a representative sample, each for students and staff. We administered the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) screening questionnaire to all the respondents. A subgroup did a spirometry test and completed a detailed questionnaire. Asthma was considered “possible”, if a respondent provided affirmative response to symptoms of “wheezing or whistling”, “attack of shortness of breath”, “diagnosed attack of asthma” in the last 12 months or “currently taking medicines for asthma”. Results: From population of 13 750 students and 1428 staff of the university, we systematically sampled 2750 (20%) students and all the staff. Amongst these, 2372 students and 455 staff completed the screening questionnaire. The mean age (SD) of the responders was 21.9 (3.2) and 46.1 (8.9) for students and staff and most of them were men; 58.6% and 65.9%, respectively. While an estimated 2.6% (95% CI: 1.7–3.5) of students had an asthma attack in the preceding 12 months, 14.5% (95% CI: 12.5–16.5) and 25.2% (95% CI: 22.8–27.7) reported shortness of breath and nocturnal cough, respectively. The staff population reported fewer symptoms. The proportion with “possible asthma” was 18.2% (95% CI: 16.0–20.4) for students and 8.0% (95% CI: 5.4–10.7) for staff. Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma is high among students and staff of Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria.
Caregivers’ Perceptions of Causes and Treatment of Fever and Diarrhea among Under-Fives in Ile Ife
(DAVID PUBLISHING, 2018) Babalola, T. E.; Ijadunola, Kayode T.; Oyetoke, T. T.; Oyeniyi, K. O.; Shittu, A. A.; Salawu, S. A.
Fever and diarrhoea account for a significant portion of under-five mortality in Nigeria. This might be related to the perceptions of caregivers on the causes, which could influence the treatment they proffer. The study was conducted among caregivers in Ife central Local Government. Most mothers perceived that fever could be caused by malaria, teething, hot weather, cough and that diarrhea could be caused by teething, eating contaminated food, drink and water, dirty environment and feeding bottles. Illness behavior was poor, as most waited at least one day after the onset of symptoms before taking any action. Choice of treatment was mostly influenced by health education messages received from health workers and mass media. Caregivers had a fairly correct perception of the causes of fever, but had incorrect perceptions of the causes of diarrhea. There is need to educate caregivers on the causes of diarrhea, and appropriate treatment measures.
College students in Nigeria underestimate their risk of contracting HIV/AIDS infection
(Taylor & Francis, 2009-07-06) Ijadunola, Kayode T.; Abiona, Titilayo C.; Odu, Olusola O.; Ijadunola, Macellina Y.
To assess the perceptions of personal risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS infection among students of selected tertiary institutions in Osun State, Nigeria and to determine the correlates of perceptions of personal risk of infection.
Correlates of physicians' attitudes toward communication with HIV/AIDS patients in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
(Taylor & Francis, 2007-01-01) Ijadunola, Kayode T.; Ijadunola, Macellina Y.; Abiona, Titilayo C.; Odu, Olusola O.; Akinyemi, Akanni A.
Objectives The study assessed physicians' perceptions of HIV/AIDS patients and identified the determinants of physicians' attitudes toward communication with HIV/AIDS patients in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Methods A semi-structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from 110 physicians in a cross-sectional survey, while in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) who had been previously admitted under the care of the physicians. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyzes were conducted. Results Although most physicians perceived PLWHA positively and 58% of them displayed a positive attitude toward communication with PLWHA under their care, the expectations of the patients concerning HIV/AIDS communication were not being met. Only 43% of physicians expressed any degree of comfort engaging PLWHA in lengthy discussions or communicating the diagnosis of HIV to patients. The strongest correlates of physicians' positive attitude were previous exposure to HIV/AIDS counseling, the number of HIV/AIDS patients treated per month, the number of years spent in the care of PLWHA, and the gender of the physicians (p < 0.05). Conclusions Physicians in Ile-Ife, Nigeria are not adequately equipped by way of training to effectively meet the expectations of their patients concerning HIV/AIDS communication. The large number of PLWHA in the country calls for urgent attention to address this important aspect of care. Key words: Physicians' attitudes, HIV/AIDS, Communication with people living with HIV/AIDS, Nigeria
Determinants of adherence to antiretroviral drugs among people living with HIV/AIDS in the Ife-Ijesa zone of Osun state, Nigeria
(African Online Scientific Information Systems (AOSIS), 2009-01-01) Afolabi, Muhammed O.; Ijadunola, Kayode T.; Fatusi, Adesegun O.; Olasode, Olayinka A.
The advent of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs has transformed HIV/AIDS into a chronic manageable disease and strict adherence is required for the medication to be effective. However, factors infl uencing adherence to ARV therapy (ART) vary from country to country. 120 subjects who received ARV drugs at a federal government-designated ART site located within the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital complex, (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, and a community-based non-governmental organisation, Living Hope Care (LIHOC), Ilesa, from February to May 2006 were serially recruited and studied. Relevant data were collected using an interviewer-administered, patient medication adherence questionnaire. Focus group discussions were also held among the subjects to further elicit qualitative information on factors infl uencing adherence to ART. The age of participants ranged from 21 to 65 years with a mean age of 40.2 + 10.3 years. Participants had been on ARV drugs for a period ranging between three and 60 months. The overall adherence rate in the study population was 44%. 66% of participants who accessed ARV drugs from LIHOC, Ilesa, had good adherence while only 14% of participants who accessed ARV drugs from OAUTHC, Ile-Ife, had good adherence. Participants with good adherence did not pay funds for the preliminary ARV eligibility investigations and they were also offered regular adherence counselling. These facilities were barely available in the group with poor adherence. Demographic factors such as age, gender and marital status did not seem to have any signifi cant association with adherence level (p > 0.05). The level of adherence was high in a cohort of PLWHA accessing ARV drugs in Ilesa while it was low among PLWHA receiving ART in Ife. The most important reasons for this difference were lack of funds for investigations and poor psycho-social counselling.
FACTORS INFLUENCING CONTRACEPTIVES USE AMONG GRANDMULTIPARA IN ILE-IFE, NIGERIA
(Trop J Obstet Gynaecol, 2011-04) Adeyemi, Adebanjo B.; Loto, Olabisi M.; Ijadunola, Kayode T.; Asa, Soladoye S.; Ajenifuja, Kayode O,; Ofili, Mary I.
To determine modifiable factors that influence contraceptive usage among grandmutiparas in a South-Western Nigerian setting. A prospective survey was done among antenatal attendees in OAUTHC from January to December 2006. Using interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire data were collected from all grandmultiparous attendees on sociodemographic characteristics, contraceptive awareness and usage, contraceptive intentions and the role of men on contraceptives usage. Data were analysed with SPSS 11.0 and result presented in descriptive statistics. The prevalence of grandmultiparity was 9.04% in the studied population, and their mean age was 36.73 + 4.7years: Eighty-one percent attended secondary school, and 65% were monogamous. Despite high level of awareness (51.6-100%) contraceptive usage was low (5.9 to 40.8%). About 90% agreed that family planning improve quality of family life. While 80% had no intention for further childbearing only 36% intended to use BTL. Sex preference was the only motivation for further childbearing in all (100%) of them. High literacy rate in this group did not impart positively in reducing the unmet need. Increased awareness on permanent contraception and the role of men need to be promoted. Health education that will break the negative strongholds of cultural factors has to be introduced gradually at the primary school levels. Keywords: Contraceptive usage, Grandmultiparity, Cultural factors.
Kayode Ijadunola [PDF] from researchgate.net Provider-initiated (Opt-out) HIV testing and counselling in a group of university students in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
(Taylor & Francis, 2011-10-01) Ijadunola, Kayode T.; Titilayo Abiona; Joseph Balogun; Adetokunbo Aderounmu
Objectives The Provider Initiated HIV (Opt-out) Testing and Counselling model has rarely been tested in Nigeria. This study assessed its feasibility and uptake among a sample of Nigerian university undergraduate students. Methods Two hundred and fifty-two Nigerian university students were offered rapid ‘opt-out’ HIV tests. The participants were also interviewed using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results Two hundred and fifty-one (99.6%) students accepted to be tested and only one (0.4%) refused testing. The commonest reason given for accepting rapid ‘opt-out’ testing was the desire to find out HIV status (93.2%). Only 24 (9.5%) students had previously ever been tested for HIV; among the 228 (90.5%) respondents who had not, the commonest reasons given for not testing were lack of knowledge of where to go to (25%), fear of testing positive (24%), and perception of being unlikely to have been exposed to HIV (18%). Conclusion HIV ‘opt-out’ testing holds the prospect for rapidly increasing the coverage of HIV testing and other preventive interventions among university students in Nigeria. However, waiting time before testing and the poor disposition of medical staff to add on the burden of HIV ‘opt-out’ tests remain potential barriers to its roll-out.
Knowledge of Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Immunization with Hepatitis B Vaccine, Risk Perception, and Challenges to Control Hepatitis among Hospital Workers in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2015-01-22) Adekanle, Olusegun; Ndububa, Dennis A.; Olowookere, Samuel Anu; Ijarotimi, Oluwasegun; Ijadunola, Kayode Thaddeus
Background. Studies had reported high rate of hepatitis B infection among hospital workers with low participation in vaccination programmes, especially those whose work exposes them to the risk of HBV infection. The study assessed knowledge of hepatitis B virus infection, risk perception, vaccination history, and challenges to control hepatitis among health workers. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study. Consenting health care workers completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed respondents’ general knowledge of HBV, vaccination history and HBsAg status, risk perception, and challenges to control hepatitis. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results. Three hundred and eighty-two health care workers participated in the study. There were 182 males and 200 females. The respondents comprised 94 (25%) medical doctors, 168 (44%) nurses, 68 (18%) medical laboratory technologists, and 52 (14%) pharmacists. Over 33% had poor knowledge with 35% not immunized against HBV. Predictors of good knowledge include age less than 35 years, male sex, being a medical doctor, previous HBsAg test, and complete HBV immunisation. Identified challenges to control hepatitis include lack of hospital policy (91.6%), orientation of newly employed health workers (75.9%), and low risk perception (74.6%). Conclusion. Hospital policy issues low risk perception of HBV transmission have grave implications for the control of HBV infection.
Knowledge of Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Immunization with Hepatitis B Vaccine, Risk Perception, and Challenges to Control Hepatitis among Hospital Workers in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2015) Adekanle, O.; Ndububa, Dennis A.; Olowookere, Samuel A.; Ijarotimi, Oluwasegun; Ijadunola, Kayode T.
Studies had reported high rate of hepatitis B infection among hospital workers with low participation in vaccination programmes, especially those whose work exposes them to the risk of HBV infection. he study assessed knowledge of hepatitis B virus infection, risk perception, vaccination history, and challenges to control hepatitis among health workers. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study. Consenting health care workers completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed respondents’ general knowledge of HBV, vaccination history and HBsAg status, risk perception, and challenges to control hepatitis. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results. hree hundred and eighty-two health care workers participated in the study. here were 182 males and 200 females. he respondents comprised 94 (25%) medical doctors, 168 (44%) nurses, 68 (18%) medical laboratory technologists, and 52 (14%) pharmacists. Over 33% had poor knowledge with 35% not immunized against HBV. Predictors of good knowledge include age less than 35 years, male sex, being a medical doctor, previous HBsAg test, and complete HBV immunisation. Identiied challenges to control hepatitis include lack of hospital policy (91.6%), poor orientation of newly employed health workers (75.9%), and low risk perception (74.6%). Conclusion. Hospital policy issues and low risk perception of HBV transmission have grave implications for the control of HBV infection.
Male Involvement in Family Planning Decision Making in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
(Women’s Health and Action Research Centre (WHARC), 2010-12) Ijadunola, Macellina Y.; Abiona, Titilayo C.; Ijadunola, Kayode T.; Afolabi, Olusegun T.; Esimai, Olapeju A.; OlaOlorun, Funmilola M.
This study assessed men’s awareness, attitude, and practice of modern contraceptive methods, determined the level of spousal communication, and investigated the correlates of men’s opinion in family planning decision making in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Quantitative methodology was employed in this cross-sectional descriptive design using a structured household questionnaire to collect information from 402 male study participants. A multistage sampling procedure was employed. Eighty-nine percent of men approved of the use of family planning while only about 11 percent disapproved of it. Eighty percent of men had ever used contraception while 56 percent of them were current users. Spousal communication about family planning and other family reproductive goals was quite poor. The socio-demographic correlates of men’s opinions included religion, marriage type, educational attainment, and occupation (p<0.05). The study concluded that male involvement in family planning decision making was poor and their patronage of family planning services was low (Afr J Reprod Health 2010; 14[4]: 45-52).
New paradigm old thinking: the case for emergency obstetric care in the prevention of maternal mortality in Nigeria
(BMC Women's Health, 2010-02-17) Ijadunola, Kayode T.; Ijadunola, Macellina Y.; Esimai, Olapeju A.; Abiona,Titilayo C.
The continuing burden of maternal mortality, especially in developing countries has prompted a shift in paradigm from the traditional risk assessment approach to the provision of access to emergency obstetric care services for all women who are pregnant. This study assessed the knowledge of maternity unit operatives at the primary and secondary levels of care about the concept of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) and investigated the contents of antenatal care (ANC) counseling services they delivered to clients. It also described the operatives' preferred strategies and practices for promoting safe motherhood and averting maternal mortality in South-west Nigeria. The study population included all the 152 health workers (doctors, midwives, nurses and community health extension workers) employed in the maternity units of all the public health facilities (n = 22) offering maternity care in five cities of 2 states. Data were collected with the aid of a self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire and non-participant observation checklist. Results were presented using descriptive statistics. Ninety one percent of the maternity unit staff had poor knowledge concerning the concept of EmOC, with no difference in knowledge of respondents across age groups. While consistently more than 60% of staff reported the inclusion of specific client-centered messages such as birth preparedness and warning/danger signs of pregnancy and delivery in the (ANC) delivered to clients, structured observations revealed that less than a quarter of staff actually did this. Furthermore, only 40% of staff reported counseling clients on complication readiness, but structured observations revealed that no staff did. Only 9% of staff had ever been trained in lifesaving skills (LSS). Concerning strategies for averting maternal deaths, 70% of respondents still preferred the strengthening of routine ANC services in the health facilities to the provision of access to EmOC services for all pregnant women who need it. We concluded that maternity unit operatives at the primary and secondary care levels in South-west Nigeria were poorly knowledgeable about the concept of emergency obstetric care services and they still prioritized the strengthening of routine antenatal care services based on the risk approach over other interventions for promoting safe motherhood despite a global current shift in paradigm. There is an urgent need to reorientate/retrain the staff in line with global best practices.
Nutritional status and intelligence quotient of primary schoolchildren in Akure community of Ondo State, Nigeria
(Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 2007-09-07) Jarotimi, O. S.; Ijadunola, Kayode T.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 402 children (10-15 years) randomly selected from twelve public and private primary schools in Akure community of Ondo State, Nigeria. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on children's demographic features and parent's socio-economic characteristics. The subject's weight, height, height-for-age and weight-for-height z-score were measured and determined respectively. Raven Standard Progressive Matrices consisted of 60 questions was administered in a quiet classroom within 60 minutes to assess intelligence quotient (IQ) of the children. The means of measured parameters were: age, 11.5 +/- 0.08 years; weight, 33.3 +/- 0.35 kg; height, 1.4 +/- 0.0 m; height-for-age z-score, -0.003 +/- 0.04; weight-for-height z-score -7.2E-7 +/- 0.1 and IQ, 20.9 +/- 0.56 (34.8%). The occupations of the children's parents were civil service (43.3%), petty business (21.9%), farming (15.8%), vocational jobs (16.0%) and none (3.2%). The majority of the parents (31.8%) had secondary school education. Parents with no formal education, primary education, tertiary education and higher degrees accounted for 7.2%, 30.6%, 22.9% and 7.4%, respectively. Monthly incomes ranged between $38.5 and 230.8. Weight-for-height z-score of the children showed that 49.8% were normal, 40% mildly wasted, 9.7% moderately wasted and 0.5% severely wasted. Height-for-age z-score was 50% normal, 35.1% mildly stunted, 13.4% moderately stunted and 1.5% severely stunted. IQ scores were 5% superior 11.2% above average, 11.4% average, 8.2% below average and 64.2% intellectual deficit. The interrelationship between height-for-age, IQ and socio-demographic characteristics showed that there were insignificant differences between the age groups, gender and socio-economic status of the pupils. Conclusively, this study showed that the proportion of malnourished and intellectual deficit among the studied population were high. However, it is not clear whether the findings are specific to the studied population alone or applicable to other parts of Nigeria. Further studies are therefore needed to confirm these findings.
Prevalence of Respiratory Symptoms Among Wheat Flour Mill Workers in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company, 2004-02-23) Ijadunola, K.T.; Erhabor, G.E.; Onayade, A.A.; Ijadunola, M.Y.; Fatusi, A.O.; Asuzu, M.C.
Background While investigations into occupational health problems of various groups of workers have been conducted in Nigeria, so far, very little attention has been paid to the health status of workers in the grain industry. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms among wheat flour mill workers and control groups in a medium size industrial setting in Nigeria was studied. Methods The study employed a cross-sectional analytical design. Data were collected using structured interviews, work-site observations, and physical examination. Respondents consisted of 91 flour-millers, 30 matched internal controls from the maintenance unitof the same flour mill factory, and 121 matched external controls. Results Fifty-four percent of the flour-millers reported at least one respiratory symptom compared with 30% of the internal controls (P < 0.05) and 19% of the external controls (P < 0.001). Most symptoms were significantly more prevalent among the flourmillers compared with control subjects, and this trend was more evident amongst nonsmokers than ex-smokers. Conclusions The study concluded that wheat flour mill workers in Nigeria, like grain workers elsewhere, were at an increased risk of developing both pulmonary and nonpulmonary symptoms compared with control subjects. The result has implications for improved dust control measures in the grain industry in Nigeria. Am. J.Ind. Med. 45:251–259, 2004. 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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