Research Articles

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Advanced Control And Development of Hydro and Diesel Generator Hybrid Power System Models for Renewable Energy Microgrids
(JOURNAL LA MULTIAPP, 2021-08) Austin, Oshin Ola
The Nigerian power problem resulted to incessant and erratic supply of electricity which has destroyed many industrial processes in the country. It has reduced productivity and has increased unemployment rates in the country to over 50million (over 70% of Nigerian youths). This has led many of the youths in the country to crime. As of 2016, the electricity energy consumption in the world from the world fact book revealed that the average power per capita (watts per person) in the United States is 1,377 Watts. In South Africa, it is 445 and in Australia, average power per capita is as high as 1,112 Watts. Whereas, the average electricity consumed in watts per person in Nigeria is just 14 Watts putting the country in a rank of 189 out of 219 countries estimated. In this research work, a Hybrid Electric Power System (HEPS) which comprises Hydro Electric Power Plant (HEPP) and Diesel Generator (DG) was modelled and a control algorithm was established to improve the performance of the system. Hybrid power system mathematical and Simulink models were developed. The output power of the developed Simulink model was be optimized using optimum power point optimization techniques and control algorithms. Simulink models of the two components of the Hybrid Electric Power System were produced using MATLAB/Simulink software. The results obtained revealed that the problems associated with conventional methods of power generation was overcomed by the development of this Hybrid Electric Power System (HEPS) models.
Development and Prototyping of an Automated Temperature Scanner with Contact Tracing Capability
(Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021) Ajewole, M.O.; Ogidan, O.K.; Babalola, O.; Oloruntoba, O.
An automated temperature scanner with contact tracing capability within an organisation such as a University campus, government ministry and so on is described herein. The system is developed to assist in response to government’s efforts at curtailing the spread of the novel COVID-19 pandemic and other high temperature-related diseases such as Ebola and Lassa fever. The device when installed in a premise does an automated temperature screening using its non-contact temperature sensors. It grants access only to users with temperature within the normal body temperature range (35.5 o C to 38 o C) and denies access to users whose temperatures are higher than the normal temperature. It performs authentication through which it acquires user’s identity details such as name, sex, and address through its sensors and sends them with the acquired temperature to a remote database where the data so acquired can be further analysed. This data is useful for contact tracing, monitoring speed of diseases and for the purpose of planning / prevention of future occurrence. The developed device is incorporated with solar power which makes it usable in places with inadequate or without grid power. Being an automatic device, it functions without a human operator compared to hand-held infrared thermometer which can only be used when the screening officials are on ground. Possible application areas include University premises, schools, corporate organisations and public places such as shopping malls, hospitals to mention but a few
MONITORING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL IN A SOLAR-POWERED LABSCALE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM
(LAUTECH Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2020) Ogidan, O. K; Amusan, A. A.,; Nkanga, I. E.
The solar photovoltaic (PV) or solar panel is an active transducer whose function in the provision of solar energy cannot be overemphasised. Many solar energy systems perform poorly or fail when the properties of the PV and conditions under which they are implemented are not taken into consideration during system design. Others fail due to environmental conditions such as temperature which might degrade the power generated by the solar PV. As a way of ensuring longevity and healthy operation of the PV, there is the need to do a constant monitoring of it properties and generated power. In this work, parameters such as current, voltage, and ambient temperature of 200 W solar panel are measured in real-time and obtained values used in design of solar power for a lab-scale smart irrigation system. The PV power was determined from the measured current and voltage values using appropriate sensors which are connected to an Arduino-based microcontroller. The PV under a load-OFF test was exposed to the sun from 5:30 am to 7:10 pm. The measured solar power confirms the peak sun hour of 4.5 to 5 hours for Ilara Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria. Load-ON implementation with a lab-scale smart irrigation testbed reveals that irrigation pumps 2 and 3 maintaining an equal distance each from the water source absorb less power compared with pump 1 at a distance more than double of pumps 2 and 3 from the water source. Thus, the distance of the irrigation pumps and sprinklers from the water source is found to play vital role in the pattern of power consumption by the irrigation system. The maximum power thresholds of irrigation pumps under various load-ON conditions were determined. The power thresholds obtained would be useful parameters for configuring the lab-scale smart irrigation controller for effective performance while the peak sun hour obtained is a useful design parameter for this work and implementation of effective solar system in Ilara Mokin and its environs.
Smart irrigation system with an Android-based remote logging and control
(IEEE, 2020-07) Ogidan, Olugbenga Kayode; Afia, Kennedy Richmond
In order to eliminate the drudgery associated with irrigation practice, a smart irrigation system with an Androidbased mobile application and control system is developed and tested under the local and cloud server architectures. The system uses four sensors (moisture content, temperature, humidity and ultrasonic) to acquire real-time data from the irrigation site which are fed to the central controller. Wi-Fi device is used to provide Internet connectivity to a local and cloud server. A mobile application is developed to display the four sensor measurements on a user-friendly graphically interface in real-time as received from the server. The system automatically starts/stop irrigation pumps based on measurements received from the soil moisture content sensor after attaining certain threshold values. Its remote logging capability makes it possible for users to view on their mobile phone the status of their farmland such as atmospheric temperature, humidity, level of water in the reservoir and soil moisture content from any location, provided Internet access is available. It also gives the user the flexibility of starting a pump on the farmland remotely using his mobile device. Experimental results reveal that the local server is more stable than the cloud server architecture.
Development of an Arduino microcontroller-based Automatic Load Shedding Module for Teaching and Research
(IEEE, 2017) Ogidan, Olugbenga K.; Temikotan, Kehinde O.; Chike, Keneth C.
In this paper, an Automatic Load Shedding module is developed for teaching and research. The module uses an Arduino microcontroller combined with a switching circuit to implement a load shedding plan in four settlements of a laboratory-scale urban settlement. The switching plan, in line with the power Distribution Company (DISCO) approval, is done to ensure optimal usage of the available 7.5MW as against the 10MW power demand. The developed module is useful as a teaching aid for illustrating power system automation among undergraduates.
Ovulation detection mechanism—a microcomputer based approach
(Journal Biomedical Science and Engineering, 2011-12) Ogidan, Olugbenga K.; Bamisaye, Ayodeji J.; Adetan, Olawumi
This paper presents a real-time microcomputer-based logger for measuring basal body temperature (BBT). BBT is the normal resting body temperature of a healthy person immediately upon waking in the morning. The temperature for women normally rises after ovulation due to hormonal changes. The tem-perature is logged real-time into the computer over a period and the BBT chart produced is used to predict ovulation. There is high correlation between the ap-proach developed by this study and other standard measuring equipments—correlation of 0.9945with standard thermistor, and correlation of 0.9977 with standard thermocouple. This development enables privacy of use, allowing women to predict their ovu-lation status at a personal level.
Automatic Recognition and Classification of Medicinal Plants: A Review
(Academic Press, 2019) Ogidan, Olugbenga Kayode; Onile, Abiodun Emmanuel
Some existing methods for recognizing and classifying medicinal plants are manual, cumbersome, and time-consuming. In this chapter, a comprehensive review of recognition and classification of medicinal plants using Information Communication Technologies (ICT) – Automated Techniques are presented. The study focuses on the recognition and classification of medicinal plant’s leaves using image processing-based and spectroscopic identification techniques. The work reveals that the image processing-based recognition method is more predominant in literature than the spectroscopic method of recognizing medicinal plants. Analysis of previous studies reveals that image processing-based and spectroscopic recognition methods are less cumbersome, faster, and non-destructive when compared to the chemical method. The details of various implementation platforms that are required for effective recognition and classification of medicinal plants are also presented in this chapter. It is believed that with the techniques outlined in this study, more people, including non-experts using electronic devices, would be able to easily recognize and classify medicinal plants. This would offer better insights into their usefulness and conservation for the benefit of the future generation.
Smart Irrigation System: A Water Management Procedure
(Agricultural Sciences, 2019-01) Ogidan, Olugbenga Kayode; Onile, Abiodun Emmanuel; Adegboro, Oluwabukola Grace
This paper presents a smart irrigation system suitable for use in places where water scarcity is a challenge. In many parts of Africa, even when irrigation is practiced, it is manually operated. Smart irrigation system is thereby believed to be a major solution. The paper therefore presents a smart irrigation system that optimizes the available water in the water reservoir thus providing an ef-ficient and effective water usage solution for the irrigation system. The irriga-tion system is able to automatically start/stop water pumps on the irrigation site based on the soil moisture content acquired from the moisture content sensor as well as the ultrasonic sensor measuring the water level in the reser-voir. The measured sensor values are sent to the Arduino microcontroller for configuring the control algorithm. The system prioritizes irrigation operation by determining the number of pumps to be operated at any instance as well as their locations. In this way, different crops can be watered depending on their varying water requirements. In order to implement the design, a laboratory scale architectural model depicting a farm setting with reservoir, direct cur-rent (DC) pumps and the control unit was constructed. Experimental results revealed good performance which makes the developed system a suitable tool for studies on irrigation.
DESIGN OF NONLINEAR NETWORKED CONTROL FOR WASTEWATER DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
(Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014-11) OGIDAN, OLUGBENGA KAYODE
This thesis focuses on the design, development and real-time simulation of a robust nonlinear networked control for the dissolved oxygen concentration as part of the wastewater distributed systems. This concept differs from previous methods of wastewater control in the sense that the controller and the wastewater treatment plants are separated by a wide geographical distance and exchange data through a communication medium. The communication network introduced between the controller and the DO process creates imperfections during its operation, as time delays which are an object of investigation in the thesis. Due to the communication network imperfections, new control strategies that take cognisance of the network imperfections in the process of the controller design are needed to provide adequate robustness for the DO process control system. This thesis first investigates the effects of constant and random network induced time delays and the effects of controller parameters on the DO process behaviour with a view to using the obtained information to design an appropriate controller for the networked closed loop system. On the basis of the above information, a Smith predictor delay compensation controller is developed in the thesis to eliminate the deadtime, provide robustness and improve the performance of the DO process. Two approaches are adopted in the design of the Smith predictor compensation scheme. The first is the transfer function approach that allows a linearized model of the DO process to be described in the frequency domain. The second one is the nonlinear linearising approach in the time domain. Simulation results reveal that the developed Smith predictor controllers out-performed the nonlinear linearising controller designed for the DO process without time delays by compensating for the network imperfections and maintaining the DO concentration within a desired acceptable level. The transfer function approach of designing the Smith predictor is found to perform better under small time delays but the performance deteriorates under large time delays and disturbances. It is also found to respond faster than the nonlinear approach. The nonlinear feedback linearisig approach is slower in response time but out-performs the transfer function approach in providing robustness and performance for the DO process under large time delays and disturbances. The developed Smith predictor compensation schemes were later simulated in a real-time platform using LabVIEW. The Smith predictor controllers developed in this thesis can be applied to other process control plants apart from the wastewater plants, where distributed control is required. It can also be applied in the nuclear reactor plants where remote control is required in hazardous conditions. The developed LabVIEW real-time simulation environment would be a valuable tool for researchers and students in the field of control system engineering. iii Lastly, this thesis would form the basis for further research in the field of distributed wastewater control.
Themed project case study: quadruple tanks control with PLCs
(2013) Carrasco, J.; Heath, W. P.; Rodriguez Lin˜an, M. C.; Alli-Oke, Razak; Abdel Kerim, O. A. R.; Rodriguez Gutierrez, S.
themed project based on the control of a quadruple tank rig using PLCs has been successfully carried out as part of the MSc in Advanced Control and Systems Engineering at the University of Manchester. The themed project involves ten students who address a single multivariable control challenge under the supervision of two academics and four PhD students. As every student is required to write their own MSc dissertation, the key point is the possibility of using different control techniques to be implemented on different hardware platforms.
A Robust Kalman Conjecture For First-Order Plants
(7th IFAC Symposium on Robust Control Design The International Federation of Automatic Control, 2012) Alli-Oke, Razak; Carrasco, Joaquin; Heath, William P.; Lanzon, Alexander
A robust Kalman conjecture is defined for the robust Lur’e problem. Specifically, it is conjectured that the nonlinearity’s slope interval for which robust absolute stability is guaranteed corresponds to the robust interval of the uncertain plant. We verify this robust Kalman conjecture for first-order plants perturbed by various norm-bounded unstructured uncertainties. The analysis classifies the appropriate stability multipliers required for verification in these cases. Robust control of Lur’e-type nonlinear systems satisfying this novel conjecture can therefore be designed using linear robust control methods.
ROBUSTNESS and OPTIMIZATION IN ANTI-WINDUP CONTROL
(2014) Alli-Oke, Razak Olusegun
This thesis is broadly concerned with online-optimizing anti-windup control. These are control structures that implement some online-optimization routines to compensate for the windup effects in constrained control systems. The first part of this thesis examines a general framework for analyzing robust preservation in anti-windup control systems. This framework - the robust Kalman conjecture - is defined for the robust Lur’e problem. This part of the thesis verifies this conjecture for first-order plants perturbed by various norm-bounded unstruc- tured uncertainties. Integral quadratic constraint theory is exploited to classify the appropriate stability multipliers required for verification in these cases. The remaining part of the thesis focusses on accelerated gradient methods. In particular, tight complexity-certificates can be obtained for the Nesterov gradient method, which makes it attractive for implementation of online-optimizing anti-windup control. This part of the thesis presents a proposed algorithm that extends the classical Nesterov gradient method by using available secant inform- ation. Numerical results demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed algorithm are analysed with the aid of performance profiles. As the objective function be- comes more ill-conditioned, the proposed algorithm becomes significantly more efficient than the classical Nesterov gradient method. The improved performance bodes well for online-optimization anti-windup control since ill-conditioning is common place in constrained control systems. In addition, this thesis explores another subcategory of accelerated gradient methods known as Barzilai-Borwein gradient methods. Here, two algorithms that modify the Barzilai-Borwein gradient method are proposed. Global conver- gence of the proposed algorithms for all convex functions are established by using discrete Lyapunov theorems.
Controlling a quadruple tanks rig with PLCs as a Masters dissertation project
(10th IFAC Symposium Advances in Control Education The International Federation of Automatic Control, 2013-08) Carrasco, J.; Heath, W. P.; Rodriguez Li˜nan, M. C.; Carrasco, J.; Alli-Oke, R.; Abdel Kerim, O. A. R.; Rodriguez Gutierrez , S.
We report on a successful themed Masters level project. Ten students addressed a single multivariable control problem using a variety of control algorithms and hardware platforms. The use of an OPC server provides different control structures that can be used to design controllers with different specifications such as bandwith and noise rejection.
A Reference-Optimizing Antiwindup Control for Input-Constrained Systems
(IEEE Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies, 2019) Alli-Oke, Razak Olusegun
Control limits due to saturation constraints may result in the directionality problem in addition to the controller windup effect. In solving the directionality problem, this paper explores the concept of modifying the reference signal to be an element of the maximal output admissible set of the closedloop dynamics. This is achieved by an online constrained optimization of a tracking-related cost function associated with the closed-loop system. The design procedure for this reference-optimizing directional compensator is applicable to most existing antiwindup schemes. The effectiveness of the proposed control structure is demonstrated via simulation of benchmark case study examples.
Exploring the Constructive Alignment of Pedagogical Practices in Science and Engineering Education in Sub- Saharan African Universities: A Nigerian Case Study
(IJEP, 2021) Obada, David Olubiyi; Adewumi, Olayinka Omowunmi; Yinka-Banjo, Chika; Bajeh, Amos; Alli-Oke, Razak
Improved pedagogical approaches in teaching science and engineering are crucial to solving the most pressing technological challenges faced in most developing countries especially in Sub-Saharan African Universities. Despite the avalanche of programs to train faculty members to fill this need, there is a need to conceptualize benchmarks for evaluating how teaching should be delivered to students in our institutions. The aim of this paper is to showcase how science and engineering courses can be taught in a more effective manner in our universities, with a pilot deep-dive into a few courses taught in the faculties of science and engineering in selected Nigerian Universities using the backward design approach. Five (5) case studies of undergraduate science and engineering courses were outlined and the backward design approach was used to put them into context. These case studies show how courses can be taught and assessed following three important steps. Distinct recommendations for science and engineering faculty members based on the outcome of this study are: defining clear learning objectives and outcomes, aligning assessment and evaluation methodologies, and constructively aligning all aspects of the curriculum and instructional materials. In addition, learning outcomes can be evaluated real-time in the classroom using the proposed pedagogies.
Reliability and Improvement of Electric Power Generation and Distribution (Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria as a Case Study)
(CARD International Journal of Engineering and Emerging Scientific Discovery, 2016-06) Oshin, Austin O.
The present unreliable and erratic power supply is a pointer to the fact that there is a great need for fault evaluation and reliability studies of electric power system in the Nigeria. The recent blackout in the country has grounded many activities and has destroyed many industrial processes. Also, the power industries face a lot of problems. Some of the highest priority issues being generation of sufficient power, urgent clearance of faults, adequate protection and increase reliability of the system, that is, bringing a steady uninterrupted power supply to the consumers. The Nigerian power problem resulted to incessant planned, forced and unplanned outages. In addition, it has resulted to erratic and unreliable supply of electricity in the country. It has reduced productivity and has increased unemployment rate in the country to over 40million (this figure is over 70% of Nigerian youths. It has led many of the youths in the country to crime. It has led many of the deaths of many innocent people in the country. Hence, an analytical method is developed to assess the dynamic- reliability of the distribution system, as well as optimizes the occurrence of faults along each of the individual consumer point in a feeder in order to improve the performance of the system. This research publication therefore evaluates the occurrence of faults which is about 856 occurrences during a period of 8 years and outages which range between 1118 to 3785 hours per annum along the distribution lines, also the failure rates of each of the feeders were analyzed in order to improve on the supply of electricity in the distribution network. The reliability of the system which ranges between 8.57*10-12to 9.548*10-5 were analyzed; and fault clearing techniques were carried out. Efforts were made to adequately assess the failure rates of the feeders which range between 0.003 and 0.001 and reliability of the distribution system. Efforts were also made to improve the performance of the system. As a result, it was possible to establish improvement techniques which ensure adequate and constant supply of electricity to all the consumers for industrial growth and employment: a basic solution to increasing crime rate in the country.
Use of industrial pollution projection system (IPPS) to estimate pollution load by sector in two industrial estates in Ogun state, western Nigeria
(International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research3, 2012) Oshin, Austin O.
We have used industrial projection pollution system (IPPS) to generate estimates of pollution load by industrial establishments in two industrial estates in Ogun state, Western Nigeria using employment data. Results indicate that the most polluting sectors are chemical and pharmaceuticals (CPH), basic metal (BML) and food, beverage and tobacco (FBT), the three giving a cumulative contribution of 97.18% of pollution to all media. The least polluting sectors are Electrical and electronic sector (EES)(0.02%), Motor vehicle assembly (MVA)(0.04%) and Wood and wood products (WWP)(0.13%). The trend is consistent with results obtained in other developing economies although estimation parameters differ. They sectoral ranking of pollution intensity is similar to the findings of Oketola and Osibanjo10, 12 in a similar study for Lagos.
Development of fuzzy logic controller for magnetorheological rotary brake system
(International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, 2009) Rashid, M. M.; Hussain, M. A.; Rahim, N. A.; Salami, Momoh-Jimoh E.
The conventional contact type brake system which uses a hydraulic system has many problems such as time delay response due to pressure build-up, brake pad wear due to contact movement, bulky size, and low braking performance in a high speed region. As vehicle speed increases, a more powerful brake system is required to ensure vehicle safely and its reliability. In this work, a contact less brake system using a magnetorheological is proposed to overcome the problems. A magnetic fluid changes its properties (viscosity) under the influence of an external magnetic field. This effect is the result of changes in the fluid structure: the ferromagnetic particles of the fluid, being single domains, when subjected to an external magnetic field, become orientated and concentrated along the lines of forces of the magnetic Field. The design of the electromechanical converters mentioned above permits the space between the casing and the moving component of the converter to be filled with the magnetorheological fluid. A coil supplied with power is placed on the moving component of the converter or inside the casing, depending magnetorheological fluid enable to change the parameters of a mechanic system (rigidity, braking force) as a result of electric voltage and current control.
Damage index: Assessment of mould growth on building materials using digital image processing technique
(IEEE, 2008-05-13) Bamgbopa, I. A.; Aibinu, A. M.; Salami, Momoh-Jimoh E.; Shafie, A.; Ali, M.; Kassim, Jahn P. S.
There is a growing concern over the adverse health effects of exposure to high concentration of mould spores in the indoor environments. Copious epidemiological studies have shown a direct relationship between the exposure to indoor mould and several adverse health effects. The phenomenon of Sick building syndrome (SBS) and Building Related Illness (BRI) have also been attributed to moulds exposure in the indoor environment. In spite of this growing concern, little have been reported on the development of an objective mould assessment particularly criteria for visual inspection of mould growth on building materials. The main premise of this study is that visual inspection related with mould damaged material can lead to objective ranking of the severity of damaged material, and reduce the subjective nature of mould dam-aged estimation by the use digital image processing (DIP) techniques. A four stage technique procedure, involving image preprocessing, Image segmentation and mould analysis and classification stage for the detection of mould growth is examined in this paper. Results obtained when this proposed algorithm was applied to acquired digital images collected from different infested building materials indicates the appropriateness of this method in enhancing the visual assessment and grading associated with mould growth on building materials
Border Gateway Protocol to provide failover in multihoming environment
(Springer Singapore, 2017-03-01) Ahmed, Muhammed Z.; AbdallahHashim, Aisha H.; Khalifa, Othman O.; Salami, Momoh-Jimoh E.
Nowadays Internet access across the globe is very crucial because of the huge size of useful data that the Internet stores. This stimulates most ISPs to choose a reliable routing protocol in order to preserve the security and guarantee of customer’s data on the Internet. By multi-homing a network using BGP, a more control of balancing the traffic load and achieving redundancy becomes possible. This will enhance network performance, quality throughput and better routing policies on the Internet. Single-homed Internet communication link between networks’ Internet service provider does not inspire with confidence because of excessive traffic and device or human error that may arise. We use BGP because of its ability to choose the best path to a destination particularly in a Multihoming environment. Our simulation results are achieved using GNS3 emulator and Wireshark network analyser. We carried out two simulations to run BGP Multihoming to the same service provider and to different service provider. In both scenarios we run the simulations in failover mode and in load-shearing mode. Simulation results show that BGP Multihoming to different service providers provides failover to ISP networks. For a home and enterprise network to have a certain level of failover or redundancy there is a need to employ the use of BGP Multihoming to different service provider.

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