Research Articles in Automotive Engineering

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REMOTELY CONTROLLED CAR SPEED GOVERNOR
(Journal of Engineering Studies and Research, 2020) IYIOLA, ALONGE OLUWASANMI; ADETUNJI, ABIOLA OLURANTI; PETER, OKEDIJI ADEBUNMI; OLANREWAJU, ALABI ISMAILA
This study modifies a car speed limiting device with a view to avoiding car over speeding. The speed limiter was modified by incorporating a carrier chip to coordinate the activities of the speed limiter. When the car speed exceeded the designed speed limit, the speed governor came into action and restricted the car from going beyond the pre-set speed by actuating the relay. Warning signal in the form of alarm was activated, and the receiver sent a message to the owner. The study concluded that the modified speed governor design is better, safer and remotely controlled compared to the existing design.
INCESSANT POWER SUPPLY IN NIGERIA AND THE NEED FOR THE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION OF 100,000MW POWER PLANT
(International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 2019-02) Oshin, Ola A.; Adanikin, Ariyo; Fakorede, Ebenezer; Joseph, Ojotu
The present unreliable and erratic power supply is a pointer to the fact that there is a great need for fault evaluation and reliability studies of electric power system in Nigeria. The recent blackout in the country has grounded many activities and has destroyed many industrial processes. Also, the power industries face a lot of problems. Some of the highest priority issues being generation of sufficient power, urgent clearance of faults, adequate protection and increase reliability of the system, that is, bringing a steady uninterrupted power supply to the consumers. The Nigerian power problem resulted to incessant planned, forced and unplanned outages. In addition, it has resulted to erratic and unreliable supply of electricity in the country. It has reduced productivity and has increased unemployment rate in the country to over 40million (this figure is over 70% of Nigerian youths. It has led many of the youths in the country to crime. It has led many of the deaths of many innocent people in the country. Hence, an analytical method is developed to assess the dynamic- reliability of the distribution system, as well as optimizes the occurrence of faults along each of the individual consumer point in a feeder in order to improve the performance of the system. This research publication therefore evaluates the occurrence of faults which is about 856 occurrences during a period of 8 years and outages which range between 1118 to 3785 hours per annum along the distribution lines, also the failure rates of each of the feeders were analyzed in order to improve on the supply of electricity in the distribution network. The reliability of the system which ranges between 8.57*10-12 to 9.548*10-5 were analyzed; and fault clearing techniques were carried out. Efforts were made to adequately assess the failure rates of the feeders which range between 0.003 and 0.001 and reliability of the distribution system. Efforts were also made to improve the performance of the system. As a result, it was possible to establish improvement techniques which ensure adequate and constant supply of electricity to all the consumers for industrial growth and employment: a basic solution to increasing crime rate in the country.
Development of an Indigenously Made Diesel Fired Crucible Furnace
(Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Energy Harvesting, Storage, and Transfer (EHST'19) Ottawa, Canada, 2019-06-18) Olukokun, Tolulope O.; Adeyemi, Adekunle A.; Alabi, Ismaila O.; Aderonmu, Mudasiru O.; Kareem, Mutiu O.
The technological advancement of any nation have been influenced and uplifted by the extent to which it can usefully harness and convert its mineral resources. The productions of metal in foundries and in all human lives have become a general practice. This work deals with the design, fabrication and performance evaluation of a diesel-fired crucible furnace suitable for use both in the rural and urban areas for casting of different types of metals using indigenously sourced materials and technology. The components of furnace were furnace casing, crucible, furnace cover, burner housing, furnace cover stand, base stand and burner. Mild steel sheet was used for the fabrication of the furnace, while the other components needed for the design were selected based on functionality, durability, cost and local availability. Experimental tests were performed to evaluate the performance of the furnace. The average heating rate of 19.54°C/min was recorded by the furnace and attained a temperature as high as 1420 °C. The furnace also had a melting rate of 454.55g/min for Aluminium. The thermal efficiency of the furnace was determined to be 10.80%. The low value was as result of the large energy wastage due to the type of insulator used in making the furnace wall. The furnace is environmental friendly without health hazards to the workers and can be moved from one place to another unlike the local one.
Numerical Simulation of Temperature Distribution in A Tri-Cycle Engine Piston
(International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 2015-06-30) Alabi, Ismaila O.; Olaiya, Kamorudeen A.; Kareem, Mutiu O.
Pistons as one of the most complex components among all automotives and other industry field components are designed to withstand damage caused due to extreme heat and pressure of combustion process. Many of experimental studies regarding the internal combustion engines process have been carried out, but few had only focused on the numerical studies like stress distribution, thermal and heat transfer analysis. This present study focuses on a 3-D transient state temperature distribution analysis on a gasoline piston model of a tri-cycle. Mathematical model was formulated, solved and simulated using a Finite Element Method (FEM) in-built in the COMSOL Multiphysics software 4.3a to determine the temperature distribution and gradient of the piston model ranging from 523K – 673K. The parameters used for the simulation were liquid (Gasoline), Gases (Air) and Aluminium alloy UNSA96061 (Piston). The Completed mesh tetrahedral consists of 86225 elements and the number of degrees of freedom solved for were 18553 in 367 s (6 minutes, 7 seconds) in the mesh optimization. It was discovered from the results obtained that the temperature in the combustion chamber of the tricycle engine varies with respect to time, along the piston.The transient analysis from the time dependent solver revealed that the temperature of the piston at the TDC (Top Dead Centre) in the first power stroke is higher compared to the subsequent power strokes, which is an indication that more heat was transfer at subsequent power strokes. Probable recommendations were later made.
Comparative analysis of exhaust gases obtained in S.I and C.I of an internal combustion engine
(Scholars Research Library, 2015-09-28) Alabi, Ismaila O.; Olaiya, Kamorudeen A.; Kareem, Mutiu O.; Olalekan, Ahmed I.
ICE which could be spark ignition (S.I) or compression ignition (C.I) engine is one of the building blocks of modern civilization. In light of this, an effective engine should be able to contribute immensely to a safe environment. Numerous factors like fuel economy, power and torque, reliability, pollution, safety and cost are necessary in determining and comparing the effectiveness of the engines. This paper identifies, examines and compares the rate of incombustible particles present in the engines (S.I and C.I) at varying loading and speed conditions via exhaust gas detector. Post-hoc analysis was carried out using SPSS. It was discovered that CO and HC are the most dangerous incombustible particles present in engines and also the incombustible rate is more pronounced in C.I than S.I engine, which confirmed that S.I. engine is far better in terms of pollution reduction. Probable recommendations were later made.
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MODELING DEFORMATION OF AL-CU ALLOY
(Materials Science and Technology (MS&T) 2014, 2014-10-16) Adegbola, Adekunle A.; Olapade, Julius; Alabi, Ismaila O.; Ghazali, Akeem; Ekundayo, Emmanuel; Fashina, Olugbenga; Kareem, Mutiu; Olaniyan, Abolade; Oke, David
The development and morphology of Al-9.37Cu alloy was characterized through metallographic examination and failure rate. The alloy was obtained by employing Die -Casting Technique before being subjected to series of mechanical and materials tests. The result showed that the strength of Al9.37Cu was greatly enhanced when the alloy was under different percent of deformations between 5-15%. Constitutive model was adopted to determine the isotropic material property in which the plane stress and plain strain conditions were considered as boundary conditions. Consequently, the effect of temperature was able to influence the strain rate in which the fracture strain determined the failure rate of the Al-Cu alloy.
EFFECTS OF THERMOMECHANICAL TREATMENTS ON THE CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Al-Cu Alloy
(International Journal of Materials, Methods and Technologies, 2014-01-20) Adegbola, Adekunle A.; Olapade, Julius; Aderonmu, Mudasiru; Salawu, Ismaila; Alabi, Ismaila O.; Kareem, Mutiu; Omotoyinbo, Joseph A.; Olaniran, Oladayo
The development of Al-9.37Cu alloy was characterized through metallographic examinations. The alloy having been cast using Die –Casting method was subjected to series of treatment such as solution treatment, water quenching and air-quenching as well as over –ageing. The result showed that the strength of Al9.37Cu was greatly enhanced when the alloy was rolled, and aged. This was as a result of the growth of large precipitates along and near the Aluminum grain boundaries which interfere with the movement of dislocations when the metal yields. However, when the alloy was heated beyond 200oC (500oC), the tensile values were observed to decline as a result of equilibrium tetragonal phase which is fully in –coherent and was characterized with low strengthening effect due to fibrous structures.
Comparative Analysis of Gases Obtained From A Bio-Digester Using Different Waste Media
(Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2016-03-28) Alabi, Ismaila O.; Olaiya, Kamorudeen A.; Aderonmu, Mudasiru A.; Adio, Teslim A.; Kareem, Mutiu O.; Raji, Fatai O.
The development of a technological devices and equipment for biogas production from different energy plants and organic wastes has made biogas a renewable source of energy generation. The interest in the use of the biogas as a renewable source of energy is increasing and also the scope of substrates for the anaerobic digestion process is on the increase. With the mini digester it is possible to observe the amount of biogas (methane gas) production and thus the most suitable plant, giving the maximum methane yield, can be determined. The mini digester made of galvanized steel was built, some measurements with energy plants were performed and then parameters such as biogas composition from animal wastes and crop residues were measured (in the laboratory) and compared. The highest biogas and methane yield was recorded in the animal waste. Probable recommendations were later made.
Heat Transfer Analysis in Internal Combustion Engine Piston Using Comsol Multiphysics: A Case Study of Tri-Cycle
(International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 2016-07-30) Oke, David B.; Alabi, Ismaila O.; Adegbola, Adekunle A.
The transient nature of heat flowing involving more than single variable, complicated method of measuring temperature across the length of the liner and ambiguous boundary conditions pose serious problems for the analysis of heat transfer rate on the piston of an internal combustion engine using FEM (Finite Element Method). This present study analyzed the heat transfer rate on the piston of a Tri-cycle engine. The studied piston was selected based on its applications in automobile and other engineering applications. The analysis was basically on the transient state forced-convection and conduction heat transfer. As initial condition, the temperature distributions were considered along the piston at a range of 523K – 673K. The parameter used for the simulation were liquid (Gasoline), Gases (Air) and Aluminium silicon UNSA96061 (Piston). The modeling and simulation were performed by using COMSOL-Multiphysics 4.3a software. The mesh optimization was undertaken by using FEM techniques to predict the maximum and mimimum temperature on the piston at every stages of simulation with time dependent. It was discovered that the temperature along the piston of the try-cycle varies with respect to time. The transient analysis revealed that the temperature of the piston at the TDC (Top Dead Center) in the first power stroke is higher compare to the subsequent power strokes, which is an indication that more heat is transfer at subsequent power strokes. Probable recommendations were later made.
Development of an Ambient Control Method for Tomatoes Preservation
(IISTE, 2013-05-28) Olaiya, Kamorudeen A.; Alabi, Ismaila O.; Aderonmu, Mudasiru A.; Adio, Teslim A.; Kareem, Mutiu O.
The quality of tomatoes depends on post harvest handling, transportation and storage techniques. Tomatoes cannot be kept for a long period of time due to their perishable and seasonal nature, it is therefore necessary to preserve it in seasons when available in other to ensure constant supply throughout the year with their nutritional value still retained. However, a 0.22 cubic metre capacity storage facility that operates on the principle of evaporative cooling, which is to increase the shelf life of stored tomatoes was designed, fabricated and tested. Data were observed twice daily and Results of the transient performance tests revealed that 117W is the cooling capacity of the produce (tomatoes) at 29.50C. Also, it was observed that the dry bulb (21-300C) and wet bulb (14.5-240C) temperatures are inversely proportional to the relative humidity (39-56%) of the cooler, which in turn show inverse relationship between the saturation efficiency (0-74.42%) and by-pass factor (0.26-1.00). An evaporative cooling system should be utilized to preserve tomatoes and other forms of vegetables at their minimal storage temperature in fourteen days relative to ambient storage. Thus, it has the prospect of being used for short term preservation of tomatoes soon after harvest and it will be very useful in helping the farmers most especially in a developing economy like Nigeria.
Parametric Studies on a Mitchell-Ossberger Turbine (Numerical Approach)
(Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2016-03-28) Alabi, Ismaila O.; Oke, David B.; Ademola, Dare A.
The parametric studies play important role when it comes to performance optimization of the locally manufactured Mitchell-Ossberger Turbine (MOT). Several literatures on hydro-turbine had discussed extensively on the design of MOTs as well as their advantages over the other types of hydro-turbines. But none had ever discussed extensively, the parametric studies involved in optimizing an efficient MOT. This present study focused on some selected parameter towards designing an efficient and optimal MOT. This was achieved via formulation of a turbine parametric model, development of turbine computational interface (module) and decoding of the obtained data with Visual Basic (VB) 10. The algorithm, which contains step by step solution to the problem, was developed for the program. The flow formed was designed to have a data grid view which displays data loaded into the application. The flow interface had eight buttons based on certain parametric entries. The strength of this interface lied in its codes and after data which were sorted on descending order has been loaded to the memory via Visual Basic programming software. It was discovered from the obtained results that as the angle of attack increases, the turbine power developed and the efficiency decreases marginally. The effect of the flow rate was that, it increases as other parameter increases. Then, all necessary recommendations were made.
Effects of Precipitation Hardening on Mechanical Properties of Multistage Stirred Cast AA6063 Composites
(Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2017-04-28) Kareem, Mutiu O.; Oluwasegun, Kunle M.; Alabi, Ismaila O.; Aderonmu, Mudasiru A.
This work studied the effects of precipitation hardening on multistage stirred cast alumina reinforced AA 6063 composite through production of alumina reinforced AA6063 alloy by four stage stir casting method, determination of effect of precipitation hardening heat treatment and characterization of microstructures and some mechanical properties of as-cast and heat treated samples of aluminium matrix composites. The amounts of AA 6063 and alumina particles required for the production of aluminium composites with 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 volume percent of alumina were determined by charge calculations. The particles of alumina were initially pre- heated at 300 oC to enhance wetability with aluminium alloy. The AA 6063 alloy was charged into a gas fired crucible furnace and the liquid was allowed to cool to a viscous mass at temperature of about 600 oC so as to introduce alumina particles. Stirring operations were performed manually and mechanically at 750 oC and 300 rpm, to ensure uniform distribution of reinforcement within the matrix, before pouring into permanent metal mould. The samples produced were solutionized at 550 oC for one hour, quenched in water and later aged at 180 oC for 2, 3 and 4 hours. Some samples were reserved for control experimentation. Mechanical responses of the composite were investigated by tensile, hardness and impact test carried out on the samples. The structures of the samples were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopes. The results trend showed that as the volume fraction of alumina and aging time increase, the strength and hardness values also increase with corresponding decrease in impact value. Composite with 15% alumina aged at 4 hours showed highest strength and hardness values of 262.77 MPa and 64.12 BHN, respectively with impact value of 9.86 J. The study showed that multistage stir casting method and precipitation hardening heat treatment are capable of improving the mechanical properties of AA 6063-Al2O3 composites.
Numerical Simulation and Modeling of UNSA91060 for Heat Transfer in Four-Stroke ICE Cylinder Head
(International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS), 2018-03-30) Olaiya, Kamorudeen A.; Alabi, Ismaila O.; Falana, Kafayat A.
Heat transfer is one of a number of indispensable tools in studying of ICEs, due to its influence on decisive parameters of operation like temperature and pressure inside the cylinder. It is safe to say that modeling of the engine heat transfer is among the most complex problems for engineers. Application of numerical methods to predict the heat transfer in a cylinder of reciprocating ICEs is a process of high importance, which was recognized from the earliest stages of their development. This is done to examine performance optimization and design improvement in order to meet nowadays demands exhibited on the engines. This present study focuses on a 3-D transient state temperature distribution analysis on a gasoline engine model via formulated of models, simulating using FEM in-built in the COMSOL Multiphysics software 4.3a to determine the temperature distribution and gradient of the engine cylinder head model. The number of degrees of freedom solved for were 32685 in 383 s (12 minutes, 20 seconds) in the mesh optimization. From the result obtained it was discovered that the heat transfer in the combustion chamber of the ICE varies with time. Thus, it took the engine 10 minutes to complete a cycle vis-a-vis transfer of heat after combustion and that the heat transfer starts after 30 seconds of combustion. In addition, the temperature of the cylinder dropped from 1273.2 K to 301 K over a period of 10 minute.
Experimental Investigation of Lard and Tallow Oils Suitability in Turning Operation of Hypo-Eutectoid Steels
(Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2017-04-28) Aderonmu, Mudasiru A.; Alabi, Ismaila O.; Kareem, Mutiu O.; Falana, Kafayat B.
Cooling and lubrication in machining are important in reducing the severity of the contact processes at the cutting tool-workpiece interface. Currently, there are wide scale evaluations of the use of metal working fluids (MWFs) in machining, so as to reduce the amount of lubricants in metal removing operations. The increasing awareness of the general public on the environment and health impact of mineral oil-based metal cutting fluids (MCFs) is forcing machine workshop operators to reduce their use as cutting fluids and in search for more environmental friendly animal oil-based cutting fluids. Based on this, commercially available animal oils are currently been exploited as potential oils for formulation of animal oil-based cutting fluids. It is therefore necessary to conduct machining trials to determine the suitability of these oils in metal cutting operations such as turning, drilling and milling etc. This study investigates the effect of the selected cutting fluids on certain machining parameters in turning operations of hypo-eutectoid steels using carbide cutting tool. The selected oils purchased from a local market in Ibadan, Nigeria were sieved to remove any foreign particles or dirt. The solution (water, additives, and base-oil) were mixed at an elevated temperature of 55oC in a proportion 5:1:2.The essence of the emulsifier (additive) was to prevent separation of water from oil. The steel samples obtained from a steel company in Nigeria after spectrochemical analysis, were machined on a variable speed center lathe under different machining parameters. Experimental results clearly showed that Conventional cutting fluid might be replaced with Non-conventional one like LOCFs and TOCFs as they give better performances. With slight modifications and deliberate but careful alterations in some of the components of such oils, better performing cutting fluids could be obtained
Anthropometric characteristics of roadside auto-mechanics: a case study
(Leonardo Journal of Sciences, 2018-01-11) Abiola, Oluranti A.; Oke, Adekola O.; Koya, Olufemi A.
The study evaluated the relevant/corresponding anthropometric characteristics of the people involved in engine-repair activities. The study was carried out on the selected roadside auto-engine repairers along Lagos-Ibadan express way, in Nigeria. This was with a view to providing ergonomic design data for optimal working condition among this set of workforce and redesigning the mechanics inspection-pit. Material and methods: The static and the functional anthropometric characteristics of the mechanics were measured. The data obtained from 110 auto-mechanics, randomly selected, were employed to evaluate efficient design parameter for roadside workstations. Results: The results indicated that inspection-pit is about 1626 mm deep; seat height ranges between 375 mm and 405 mm; optimal work posture sitting is between 483 mm and 622 mm. Conclusions: Adopting the data presented in this paper in optimizing the auto-mechanics working conditions for effective workplace comfort and productivity among the roadside auto-mechanics in Nigeria will be of immense advantage.
Comparative Analysis of Selected Animal and Vegetable Oils Suitability in Machining of Plain Carbon Steels
(International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, 2019-04-28) Alabi, Ismaila O.; Okediji, Adebunmi P.; Ogedengbe, Temitayo S.; Joseph, Ojotu I.; Olukokun, Tolulope O.
Due to the alarming rate in public awareness on environmental issues, there has been growing demand for biodegradable materials which has opened an avenue for using vegetable and animal oils as alternatives to petroleumbased polymeric materials in the market, most especially in machining operations. Thus, research on biodegradable functional fluids has emerged as one of the top priorities in lubrication, due to their applicability in many diverse areas. In this quest, there is need to conduct machining trials to determine the suitability of these oils in metal cutting (turning) operations of plain carbon steels. This study investigate the effect of the selected cutting fluids on certain parameters like machine removal rate (MRR), machining time, tool wear and spindle power consumption, etc. under different machining combination in turning operations of plain carbon steels obtained from universal steel Ikeja, Nigeria, using 150 x 10 HSS cutting tool. The selected oils purchased from Ogunpa market in Ibadan, Nigeria, were sieved to remove any foreign particles or dirt. The solution; water, based-oil, and emulsifier (to allow thorough mixing of water and oil without separation), were mix at an elevated temperature of 550C in a proportion 4:1:3. Experimental results clearly showed that Conventional cutting fluid might be replaced with Non-conventional cutting fluids (vegetable and animal based) as they give better performance. With slight modifications and deliberate but careful alterations in some of the components of such oils, even better performing cutting fluids could be obtained.
Comparative Analysis of Machining Stainless Steel using Soluble and Vegetable oils as Cutting Fluids
(International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture, 2019-03-01) Ogedengbe, Temitayo S.; Awe, P.; Joseph, Ojotu I.
In this study, the performance of groundnut oil as an alternate cutting fluid was compared with that of soluble oil during machining of stainless steel. The temperature at the cutting zone, surface roughness and the chip formation were monitored under the two cutting conditions (soluble oil and vegetable oil). The machining parameters used were cutting speed (75 – 135 rev/min), feed rate (0.01 – 0.05 mm3/mm) and depth of cut (0.01 – 0.08 mm). The experiment was designed using Taguchi orthogonal array of Minitab 18 which generated a 9 run machining parameter mix for the experimentation. The Physiochemical properties of the various fluids were also analyzed to determine the properties and constituent elements of the cutting fluids. The actual machining of the stainless steel bar was done using a Colchester mastiff lathe machine. Results show that feed rate and cutting speed had the most significant effect on surface roughness during machining of stainless steel both with groundnut oil and soluble oil. Soluble oil was a better coolant but poorer in lubrication as vegetable oil reduced surface roughness more when used. Surface roughness value improved from 9.21μm during machining with soluble oil to 3.84μm during machining with groundnut oil which represented a 58.3% improvement. Hence, vegetable oil is therefore recommended as good alternative cutting fluid to soluble oil during machining of stainless steel.
Plant Layout under Discounted Sequential Machinery Investment using Dynamic Programming Approach
(IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 2015-09) Aderoba, Olugbenga A.; Ogedengbe, Tunde I.
Dynamic programming is employed in this study to develop a model that helps entrepreneurs to populate pre-planned plant layout using discounted sequential machinery investment method. The approach enables the use of little initial capital to sequentially invest in the most important machinery/machineries and factory and office space(s) as well as to provide sufficient working capital required by the industry to keep the plant working optimally per period. In addition, it takes into consideration the time value of money that may arise from inflation on the economy during the sequential investment period using discounting method. Using the developed model and a set of decision rules that was setup, total earnings obtained from previous periods are subsequently re-invested each period, while ensuring adequate working capital, until all the planned machines and factory and office buildings have been fully put in place. The model developed was implemented through a software named DYNAPLANT2015 which was developed using C# programming language to facilitate the solution procedure. An appropriate case study was used to evaluate the model and observe possible difference between the undiscounted and discounted sequential machinery investment
Development and performance evaluation of an effective dryer for poundo yam flour processing plant
(Cogent Engineering, 2017-02-14) Ayodeji, S. P.; Ajamu, T. A.; Akinnuli, B. O.; Aderoba, Olugbenga A.
The process of making pounded yam, from yam, Dioscorea spp., which is mostly consumed by people of sub-Sahara region as source of carbohydrate is energy consuming, therefore, the pounded yam flour, commonly called poundo yam, through which pounded yam is prepared faster and easier, has become popular in West Africa. Although there is an existing niche market for the design and production of poundo yam processing plant, proper drying, one of the most important stages in the production line of poundo yam flour is drying to remove moisture from parboiled (a stage before drying) yam chips still remains the limitation to an effective application of the processing plant in the food industry. The development and performance evaluation of an effective drier that will allow the movement of the dried yam chips to the next machine in poundo yam process plant and its suitability to the food industrial applications was carried out in this research. The volume of the drying drum was estimated to be 0.03 m3 . The capacity of the dryer is the amount of yam the drying drum can contain per batch. 28 kg of yam chips was dried at a temperature of 50°C for 3.7 h being the safe drying temperature. The efficiency of the machine was evaluated by estimating the moisture removal rate from the yam in comparison with the power consumption rate and this gave 72.71%.

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