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Browsing by Author "Fakunle, Julius B."

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Acute administration of co-artesiane induces oxidative stress in the testes of adult male Wistar rats
(Bioscience Research Communications, 2010) Tijani, Abiola S.; Ukwenya, Victor O.; Sodunke, Grace A.; Fakunle, Julius B.
Co-artesiane is an artemether-lumefantrine combination therapy that is used in the treatment of malaria. In this work we studied the toxicological effect of this drug with reference to seminal and biochemical parameters of the male reproductive system of wistar rats. Twenty (20) adult male rats were divided into four groups of five rats per group. Group A was administered a single dose (4 mg/kg/bw) of Co-artesiane, Group B was administered double dose (8 mg/kg/bw) of Co-artesiane and Group C received 10 mg/kg/bw of the drug for a period of 3 days. Group D served as control and received physiologic saline. In each group body weight, testicular weight, sperm count, motility and viability as well as oxidative stress status were assessed by evaluating the activities of reduced glutathione, Glutathione S-transferase, catalase, super oxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The mean sperm count, motility and viability in rats treated with Co-artesiane were reduced when compared with controls. Biochemical analyses showed increase in the activities of oxidative stress markers in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that the graded dose of Co-artesiane® elicit depletion of antioxidant defense system and induced oxidative stress in the rats.
Biochemical changes associated with sickle cell anaemia
(Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 2015-05-02) Asaolu, M. F.; Oyeyemi, A. O.; Fakunle, Julius B.; Ajose, A. O.
Some blood chemical parameters including some enzyme activities were determined in forty two sickle cell patients in Ekiti state, Nigeria. All the parameters of interest analyzed for were found present in all the samples. The mean values for uric acid (0.35±0.16 mol/l), creatinine (100.55±8.13 μmol/l), urea (10.50±6.28 mmol/l), Total bilirubin (14.42±2.03 μmol/l), conjugated bilirubin (10.53±2.67 μmol/l), alkaline phosphatase (82.67±10.87 μ/l) aspartate transaminase (SGOT)(20.68±9.85 μ/l) and alanine transaminase (SGPT)(28.68±9.85 μ/L) were significantly higher (P< 0.05) in sickle cell patients than the control. Serum sodium (Na+)(110.00±4.0 lmmol/L), potassium (K+)(2.56±0.63 mmol/L) total protein (60.05±10.35 g/L), albumin (30.16±3.28 g/L), Calcium (2.00±0.1 mmol/L) and inorganic phosphate (1.12±0.19 mmol/L) were also found to be significantly lowered in sickle cell patient when compared with the control. Analysis of the results showed an increase in plasma chloride (99.33±2.54 mmol/L) and decrease in bicarbonate (22.99±2.06 mmol/L). The differences were however not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The significant raised level of SGPT, SGOT, ALP, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, and significant lower levels of total protein, albumin, calcium, inorganic phosphate indicates that there may be abnormal liver and renal function as well as muscular and bone dysfunction in these patients.
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS AFTER TREATMENT WITH ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF Croton Zambesicus (Müll. Arg.)
(Journal of International Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016-02-18) Ofusori, David A.; Komolafe, Omobola A.; Adewole, Olarinde S.; Abiodun, Adeleke A.; Ayoka, Abiodun O.; Fakunle, Julius B.
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of C. zambesicus on total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Methods: Seventy adult male wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n=10). Group A, control rats; Group B, untreated diabetic rats; Group C, diabetic rats in which C. zambesicus therapy started 2 weeks prior to induction of diabetes; Group D, diabetic rats administered orally with C. zambesicus leafextract for 2 weeks after the initial four weeks of diabetic induction; Group E, diabetic rats administered orally with C. zambesicus leaf extract for 4 weeks after the initial four weeks of diabetic induction; Group F, normal rats administered orally with C. zambesicus leaf extract for four weeks; Group G, diabetic rats administered with glimepiride (2 mg/kg/day) for four weeks after the initial four weeks of diabetic induction. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were weighed and sacrificed. Serum was obtained for TP, ALB, LDH and G6PDH analysis using respective diagnostic kits. Results: The results showed an improvement in protein metaboloites (TP, ALB, GLO) whiles the LDH and G6PDH in the extract and glimepiride treated groups were restored near normal level when compared with normal control (group A). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study showed that C. zambesicus leaf extract exerts positive effects on serum levels of TP, ALB, GLO, LDH and G6PDH in diabetic rats. Thus, ethanolic leaf extract of Croton zambesicus can be adopted in the management of diabetes mellitus.
Changes in some biochemical parameters of kidney functions of Plasmodium berghei infected rats administered with some doses of artemether
(Academic Journals, 2012) Akomolafe, R. O.; Adeoshun, I. O.; Fakunle, Julius B.; Iwalewa, E. O.; Ayoka, A. O.; Ajayi, O. E.; Odeleye, O. M.; Akanji, B. O.
This study aimed at determining changes in urine concentrations of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) of Plasmodium berghei infected rats during a week of intramuscular administration of artemether (12.5 to 50.0 mg/kg/day) and one week thereafter. Their concentrations and that of creatinine and urea in the plasma were also determined at the end of the study. The observed changes were related to the effects of artemether on the kidneys of the rats. The urine levels of the two electrolytes decreased significantly during treatment (P< 0.05). One week post-treatment with 12.5 mg/kg of artemether, the urine concentrations of the electrolytes increased to values that were not significantly different from that of day 0. At 25 and 50 mg/kg, their urine concentrations still remained significantly lower than day 0 values (P< 0.05). Plasma concentrations of the electrolytes one week post-treatment increased, but they were only significant at 25 mg/kg for K+. A significant increase in the plasma level of creatinine was observed at all the doses of the drug at one week post-treatment. A dose-dependent degeneration of the renal tissue of all the experimental rats was also observed. We concluded that high doses of artemether caused progressive degeneration of the renal tissue of P. berghei infected rats.
Changes in the visceral functions of Plasmodium berghei-infected and-uninfected rats following administration of artemether.
(Blackwell Publishing Asia, 2006-12) Akomolafe, R. O.; Adeoshun, I. O.; Fakunle, Julius B.; Iwalewa, E. O.; Ayoka, A. O.; Akanji, B. O.
The effects of artemether (12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg per day, i.m.), administered to different groups of Plasmodium berghei‐infected and ‐uninfected adult Wistar rats for 1 week, were investigated. The parameters evaluated were the feeding, drinking and urinating patterns of the rats and these were compared with those of rats that received normal saline. Artemether caused a significant dose‐dependent reduction in food consumption of both P. berghei‐infected and ‐uninfected rats (P < 0.05). Food intake in infected rats was reduced by approximately 7 g/24 h. This reduction in food intake was further reduced during drug treatment with artemether. Artermether also reduced food intake in uninfected rats. The food consumption of rats that received 12.5 and 25.0 mg/kg artemether was restored after stopping treatment, in contrast with rats that received 50.0 mg/kg, in which the significant reduction in food consumption persisted 1 week after drug administration. During treatment with artemether, the water intake of infected rats was significantly lower than that of uninfected rats in the 12.5 mg/kg artemether‐treated group, but was significantly higher in infected rats than in uninfected rats dosed with 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg artemether. For all doses of artemether tested, a significant increase in urine output was observed in infected rats during treatment and 1 week after treatment, whereas in uninfected rats a significant increase in urine output was observed only following 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg artemether 1 week after drug administration. The present study confirms the anorexic activity of a high dose of artemether in both P. berghei‐infected and ‐uninfected rats. It also indicates that high doses of the drug could cause impaired renal function in rats and that the significant increase in urine output could also be due to other effects of artemether, namely those on thirst, anti‐diuretic hormone output and the osmotic pressure of the blood.
A comparative study of serum ferritin and other acute phase reactants (APR) in minor and major surgery
(Academic Journals, 2009-12-31) Asaolu, M. F.; Oyeyemi, A. O.; Fakunle, Julius B.
This study was carried out on serum ferritin, acute phase reactants (APR), iron (Fe) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) in healthy women in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria and in female patients undergoing suture (minor operation) and ceaserean operations at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria between February and March, 2009. The results revealed post-operative serum ferritin and APR concentrations to be significantly higher (p> 0.01) while iron and TIBC were significantly lower in patients undergoing caesarean operation compared to both patients with minor operation and healthy women. The pre-operative results of serum ferritin were however significantly lower in patient undergoing major operation than in patients with minor operation. The present study was carried out to examine the changes in serum ferritin and other acute phase reactants in response to the magnitude of tissue damage. It can be concluded that the concentrations of serum ferritin and acute phase reactant increases as the magnitude of tissue damages increases. There is an acute phase response of serum ferritin levels following major surgery.
Cross-sectional study of antioxidant status in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancy
(Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2011) Owolabi, A. T.; Marcel, T. T.; Fakunle, Julius B.; Togun, R. A.; Akinola, N. O.; Asaolu, M. F.; Fasubaa, O. B.; Bisiriyu, L. A.; Kuti, O.
Objectives: The study measured the concentrations of antioxidants in women during pregnancy and the Post Partum Period (PPP) with a view to investigating their role in the aetiology of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Study Design: Informed consent was obtained from 105 women who were divided into three groups: 15 age and parity matched normotensive non-pregnant (control group), 45 normotensive and 45 hypertensive pregnant women. The two groups of pregnant women were divided into three groups of 15 each and studied in the second and third trimesters and PPP respectively. Venous blood was obtained from all the participants for measurements of some antioxidants (uric acid, albumin, catalase and vitamin C). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results: The results show that the mean concentrations of catalase, albumin, vitamin C and uric acid for the control were 3.1 ± 0.18 µ/l, 46.6 ± 6.6 g/l, 0.38 ± 0.01 mg/dl and 0.16 ± 0.03 mmol/l respectively. The mean concentration of all antioxidants except uric acid were significantly lower during pregnancy when compared with controls (t= 2.06; p<0.01). In the normotensive group of pregnant women, vitamin C was the only antioxidant that showed significant higher concentration when the second trimester concentration and third trimester concentration were compared (t=2.06; p<0.05). Uric acid levels were significantly higher (t=2.06; p<0.05) and nd rd catalase and vitamin C levels were significantly lower in the hypertensive group during the 2 and 3 trimesters (t=2.06; p<0.05). There was a tendency for all antioxidant concentrations to return to normal values during the PPPin the normotensive group; however in the hypertensive group, uric acid levels remained significantly higher (t=2.06; p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion this study showed that pregnancy generally reduced the concentration of antioxidants but vitamin C levels were higher in late pregnancy of normotensive women. Therefore higher levels of vitamin C may protect against PIH.
Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Croton zambesicus (Müll. Arg.) on lipid profile in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
(Diabetol Croat, 2012-09) Ofusori, David A.; Komolafe, Omobola A.; Adewole, Olarinde S.; Obuotor, Efere M.; Fakunle, Julius B.; Ayoka, Abiodun O.
Croton zambesicus (C. zambesicus) leaves have recently been identified as an antidiabetic agent in Africa. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of C. zambesicus leaf extract on lipid profile in experimentally induced diabetic rats. Seventy adult male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n=10): group A, control rats; group B, untreated diabetic rats; group C, diabetic rats in which C. zambesicus therapy started 2 weeks prior to induction of diabetes; group D, diabetic rats administered orally with C. zambesicus leaf extract for 2 weeks after the initial four weeks of diabetes induction; group E, diabetic rats administered orally with C. zambesicus leaf extract for 4 weeks after the initial four weeks of diabetes induction; group F, normal rats administered orally with C. zambesicus leaf extract for four weeks; and group G, diabetic rats administered with glimepiride (2 mg/kg/day) for four weeks after the initial four weeks of diabetes induction. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were weighed and sacrificed. Serum was obtained for lipid profile analysis using respective diagnostic kits. The results showed that the blood glucose level and body weights of extract and glimepiride treated groups were restored to the near normal level. The triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were increased significantly (P Key words: diabetes, lipid profile, Croton zambesicus, glimepiride, streptozotocin
Effect of Xylopia aethiopica, Fiscus mucuso and Anthocleista vogelli extracts on some Biochemical Parameters following ethanol-Induced Toxicity.
(SCIENCEDOMAIN International, 2014-05-11) Ayoka, A. O.; Okonji, R. E.; Ofusori, D. A.; Komolafe, O. A.; Bamitale, K. D. S.; Fakunle, Julius B.
A total of forty rats were divided into eight groups (n= 5). Group A were control rats; Group B 27 were administered with absolute ethanol; Group C were ethanol administered rats treated with 28 Xylopia aethiopica; Groups D were ethanol administered rats treated with Fiscus mucuso, Group 29 E were ethanol administered rats treated with Anthocleista vogelli; Group F were normal rats 30 administered orally with Xylopia aethiopica; Group G were normal rats administered orally with 31 Fiscus mucuso; Group H were normal rats administered orally with Anthocleista vogelli. At the 32 end of the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed and serum was obtained for total 33 protein, uric acid, creatinin, urea, Aspartate aminotrasferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase 34 (ALT) analysis using respective research kits. 35 The result showed that Xylopia aethiopica had protective effect on the kidney as compared with 36 Fiscus mucuso and Anthocleista vogelli treated rats. Also, The AST and ALT was lowered with 37 the start of Xylopia aethiopia treatment. The total protein, creatinin and urea were slightly 38 (p> 0.05) affected with ethanol, an effect which was normalized with the start of extract 39 treatment. 40
Effects of artemether on biochemical markers of liver function in Plasmodium berghei-infected and non-infected rats
(Academic Journals (Kenya), 2013) Akomolafe, Rufus Ojo; Adeoshun, I. O.; Fakunle, Julius B.; Iwalewa, E. O.; Ayoka, A. O.; Ajayi, O. E.; Odeleye, O. M.; Akanji, B. O.
This study aimed at determining changes in plasma activities of some enzymes and concentrations of plasma organic constituents which are often used in the assessment of liver functions in uninfected rats (UNR) and Plasmodium berghei infected rats (INR), following a week of intramuscular administration of artemether (12.5 to 50.0 mg/kg/day). The observed changes were related to the effects of artemether on the liver of the rats. At all the doses tested, the plasma concentrations of total and conjugated bilirubin increased significantly in both INR and UNR. A significant decrease in the plasma concentrations of glucose was also observed in UNR. The levels of cholesterol were significantly higher in INR than UNR. Plasma glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activity was significantly increased in both categories of rats, but more significantly in INR. The activity of plasma glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) increased significantly at 12.5 and 25.0 mg/kg only in UNR, while a significant increase was observed at 50.0 mg/kg in the INR. Photomicrograph of the liver revealed progressive tissue damage which was more pronounced in INR than UNR. We concluded that high doses of artemether are toxic to the liver of both infected and uninfected rats.
EVALUATION OF GARLIC EXTRACTS ON CANCER GROWTH IN RATS FED DIETS WITH VARYING LEVELS OF PROTEIN.
(Howard University, 1984) Fakunle, Julius B.
Several aqueous plant extracts of common vegetables were screened for in vitro inhibition of tumor guanylate cyclase activity (the only enzyme known which produces cyclic GMP, a key regulator of cancer cell growth). One hundred and twenty young male rats (100-133g) were assigned to two major groups. One group of sixty animals was injected with transplantable Morris hepatoma (#3924A) one week after they had been placed onto their dietary regimen. Each major group was divided into six minor groups of ten rats each and was fed with three dietary protein levels of either 5%, 15% and 25% (without and with 5% lypholized garlic extract supplement). Non-tumor bearing animals fed 5% or 15% protein ate significantly (p < 0.05) more food than the tumorbearing animals (10.8 vs 9.3g). At the end of four weeks, dietary protein showed a significantly positive correlation with liver weight, kidney weight, tumor weight, tumor area and tumor tissue protein (p < 0.01). Serum and liver protein were significantly decreased in the tumor bearing animals. Low dietary protein significantly decreased tumor growth (p < 0.05) from 60-70%. All diets containing 5% garlic yielded decreased tumor growth from 10-25% (p < 0.05). Results of this study indicate that a decrease in dietary protein and/or a 5% garlic extract dietary supplement caused decreased growth of Morris hepatoma 3924A. It appears that garlic extract supplemented in the diet of experimental animals may help in cancer prevention.
Evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of Persea americana and Cnidosculus aconitifolius
(Pak J Nutr, 2010) Asaolu, M. F.; Asaolu, S. S.; Fakunle, Julius B.; Emman-Okon, B. O.; Ajayi, E. O.; Togun, R. A.
The present study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidant activities of Persea americana and Cnidosculous aconitifolius. The in-vitro antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts of the leaves of Persea americana and Cnidosculous aconitifolius was evaluated using various experimental methods such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide and reducing power radical-scavenging activity assay. Phytochemical screening as well as the amounts of total phenol and flavonoids were also determined. The present study revealed that both the methanol extracts of the leaves of Persea americana and Cnidosculous aconitifolius possess significant antioxidant activities. However, Persea americana was found to have higher radical scavenging activity than Cnidosculous aconitifolius but the phenol content of Cnidosculous aconitifolius was higher than that of Persea americana whereas Persea americana was observed to possess more flavonoids than Cnidosculous aconitifolius.
Haematogram and serum iron status of malnourished Nigerian children.
(East African medical journal, 1995-09) Alemnji, G. A.; Thomas, K. D.; Durosinmi, M. A.; Taiwo, O.; Fakunle, Julius B.
Haematological parameters, total serum iron, and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) concentrations were estimated in twenty protein energy malnourished (PEM) children, five kwashiorkor (K), five marasmus (M), five marasmic-kwashiorkor (MK), and five undernourished (U) aged between one and five years on admission and after 18 days hospitalisation at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex. The Hospital diet for K and MK consisted of 8% protein and 802 calories per litre while that for M and U consisted of 30% protein and 1350 calories per litre. After the period of 18 days of rehabilitation there was no significant (p> 0.05) difference (Student's t-test) in the weight for age. None of the haematological parameters was significantly different after rehabilitation for all the four types of PEM. Of the four types only Kwashiorkor with mean serum iron values of 15.6+/-1.51 micrograms/100 ml and 21.17+/-0.33 micrograms/100 ml on admission and after rehabilitation respectively was significantly (P< 0.05) different. More attention by the OAUTHC authorities needs to be paid to the management, feeding and diet given to these children so that there will be a greater and more rapid improvement in their rehabilitation.
Iron status in HIV-1 infection: implications in disease pathology
(BioMed Central, 2012-12) Banjoko, Olatunbosun S.; Oseni, Falilat A.; Togun, Rachel A.; Onayemi, Olaniyi; Emma-Okon, Beatrice O.; Fakunle, Julius B.
There had been conflicting reports with levels of markers of iron metabolism in HIV infection. This study was therefore aimed at investigating iron status and its possible mediation of severity of HIV- 1 infection and pathogenesis. Eighty (80) anti-retroviral naive HIV-1 positive and 50 sero-negative controls were recruited for the study. Concentrations of serum total iron, transferrin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), CD4 + T -lymphocytes, vitamin C, zinc, selenium and transferrin saturation were estimated. The mean CD4 + T-lymphocyte cell counts, serum iron, TIBC, transferrin saturation for the tests and controls were 319 ± 22, 952 ± 57 cells/μl (P < 0.001), 35 ± 0.8, 11.8 ± 0.9 μmol/l (P < 0.001), 58.5 ± 2.2, 45.2 ± 2.4 μmol/l (P < 0.005) and 68.8 ± 3.3, 27.7 ± 2.2%, (P <0.001), respectively, while mean concentrations of vitamin C, zinc and selenium were 0.03 ± 0.01, 0.3 ± 0.04 (P < 0.001), 0.6 ± 0.05, 11.9 ± 0.26 μmol/l (P < 0.001) and 0.1 ± 0.01, 1.2 ± 0.12 μmol/l (P < 0.001) respectively. Furthermore, CD4 + T-lymphocyte cell count had a positive correlation with levels of vitamin C (r = 0.497, P < 0.001), zinc (r = 0.737, P < 0.001), selenium (r = 0.639, P < 0.001) and a negative correlation with serum iron levels (r = −0.572, P < 0.001). It could be inferred that derangement in iron metabolism, in addition to oxidative stress, might have contributed to the depletion of CD4 + T cell population in our subjects and this may result in poor prognosis of the disease.
Phytochemical screening and proximate analysis of young Cola acuminata leaves
(Unique Research Journal, 2016-09) Victoria, Akintehinse O.; Rufina, Alli-Smith Y.; Oluwaseun, Olasehinde R.; Olusola, Omiyale B.; Anderson, Enye L.; Sina, Owoseni J.; Fakunle, Julius B.
Oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant system have been implicated in the pathophysiology of diverse disease states. Phytochemical screening and proximate analysis of dried young cola nitida leaves used in folklore medicine were carried out. The result revealed the presence of bioactive components comprising of alkaloids, phenolic acid, carotenoids, and flavonoid. Quantitative phytochemical analyses showed that alkaloid have the highest concentration. Proximate analysis of the sample showed the moisture content of the sample is (23.10±0.12), carbohydrate (36.80±0.25), crude fibre (19.20±0.1), crude protein (13.50±0.10), and ash content (6.70±0.07). The presence of secondary metabolites in this plant is indicative that if well researched, novel bioactive compounds can be discovered in it.
Prostaglandin levels and semen quality in male partners of infertile couples in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
(Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2011) Emma-Okon, B. O.; Fasubaa, O. B.; Togun, R. A.; Fakunle, Julius B.; Awoniyi, A.; Adediran, T.
The study revealed a high percentage of men with sub-normal semen .Range of PGF2á in the subjects was 0.15-11.05µg/ml with a mean of 2.77± 0.23 µg/ml while that of PGE was 21.8- 652.0 µg/ml with a mean of 248.79± 13.88 µg/ml. Among men with normal semen profile, mean PGF2á and PGE levels are 2.1± 0.32 µg/ml and 325.1± 28.3 µg/ml respectively while that in semen of men with subnormal semen are 3.0± 0.28 µg/ml and 225.1 ± 15.1µg/ml respectively. Despite the wide range of PG values in all the groups, significant differences(P<0.05) were found to exist between the PG values of men in the normal and sub normal semen groups. Significant differences were also found when they were grouped according to sperm count alone. However, differences observed when in the grouping according to other individual semen characteristics are not significant. Conclusion: The wide range of PG values obtained in all the groups make it difficult to make far reaching conclusions as to the relationship between PG levels and semen quality. Further research is desirable in establishing the role of PGs in sperm function.

Browsing by Author "Fakunle, Julius B."

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