DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Onile, O.S."

Browsing by Author "Onile, O.S."

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Arsenicosis in bladder pathology and schistosomiasis in Eggua, Nigeria
(Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2018-06-02) Bakare, Shukurat O. Bakarea; Adebayo, Adewale S.; Awobode, Henrietta O.; Onile, O.S.; Agunloyeb, Atinuke M.; Isokpehic, Raphael D.; Anumudu, Chiaka I.
Background: Chronic schistosomiasis and arsenic exposure through drinking water are some of the risk factors for bladder cancer. To determine the association of schistosomiasis and arsenicosis with bladder pathologies, 122 individuals from Eggua in southwest Nigeria were recruited for this study. Methods: Prevalence of schistosomiasis was determined by urine microscopy and PCR. Total urinary arsenic concentration and arsenic levels in three different water sources in the community were assessed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Bladder pathologies were investigated by ultrasonography. The data collected were evaluated with chi-square (χ2) and ANOVA tests to examine the relationships among demographic factors, infection, bladder pathologies and urinary arsenic concentrations. Results: The prevalence and mean intensity of schistosomiasis were 21.3% and 20.7 eggs/10 mL urine, respectively. Arsenic concentration in two of the water sources, River Yewa (0.46 mg/L) and borehole (0.52 mg/L), were above the WHO standard (0.01 mg/L); and the mean concentration in urine samples, 1.17 mg/L, was also above the WHO standard (0.2 mg/L). There was no evidence of an association between bladder pathology and arsenicosis, or between schistosomiasis associated-bladder pathology and arsenicosis (p=0.66). Conclusions: Arsenicosis is a public health concern in the study population. At the moment no clear roles are envisaged for it in the development of bladder pathologies or urinary schistosomiasis-associated bladder pathologies in Eggua.
Designing a conserved peptide‑based subunit vaccine against SARS‑CoV‑2 using immunoinformatics approach
(In Silico Pharmacology, 2021-01-06) Oladipo, Elijah Kolawole; Ajayi, Ayodeji Folorunsho; Onile, O.S.; Ariyo, Olumuyiwa Elijah; Jimah, Esther Moradeyo; Ezediuno, Louis Odinakaose
The widespread of coronavirus (COVID-19) is a new global health crisis that poses a threat to the world. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in bats and was discovered first in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019. Immunoinformatics and bioinformatics tools were employed for the construction of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine to prevent the diseases. The antigenicity, toxicity and allergenicity of all epitopes used in the construction of the vaccine were predicted and then conjugated with adjuvants and linkers. Vaccine Toll-Like Receptors (2, 3, 4, 8 and 9) complex was also evaluated. The vaccine construct was antigenic, non-toxic and non-allergic, which indicates the vaccines ability to induce antibodies in the host, making it an effective vaccine candidate.
Development of multiepitope subunit protein vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii using an immunoinformatics approach
(NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics,, 2020-06-21) Onile, O.S.; Ojo, Glory J.; Oyeyemi, Bolaji Fatai; Agbowuro, Gbenga O.; Fadahunsi, Adeyinka I.
Approximately one-third of the world’s human population is estimated to have been exposed to the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Its prevalence is reportedly high in Ethiopia (74.80%) and Zimbabwe (68.58%), and is 40.40% in Nigeria. The adverse effect of this parasite includes a serious congenital disease in the developing fetus of pregnant women. After several efforts to eliminate the disease, only one licensed vaccine ‘Toxovax’ has been used to avoid congenital infections in sheep. The vaccine has been adjudged expensive coupled with adverse effects and short shelf life. The potential of vaccine to likely revert to virulent strain is a major reason why it has not been found suitable for human use, hence the need for a vaccine that will induce T and B memory cells capable of eliciting longtime immunity against the infection. This study presents immunoinformatics approaches to design a T. gondii-oriented multiepitope subunit vaccine with focus on micronemal proteins for the vaccine construct. The designed vaccine was subjected to antigenicity, immunogenicity, allergenicity and physicochemical parameter analyses. A 657-amino acid multiepitope vaccine was designed with the antigenicity probability of 0.803. The vaccine construct was classified as stable, nonallergenic, and highly immunogenic, thereby indicating the safety of the vaccine construct for human use.
Evaluation of the mosquito Repellency properties and antibacterial effects of lemon grass (Cymbopogon Citratus) extracts
(European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience, 2020-11-06) Momoh, A. O.; Gbenedio, V.O.; Onile, O.S.; Olupona, I.
The incidence of malaria infection from infected female Anopheles mosquito is a global health challenge. Insect repellency is used to force back insect; preventing insect borne diseases. The antibacterial and repellency property of lemongrass extracts was determined using microbiological methods. The leaf of the plant was air-dried, blended and extracted using methanol and isolates of Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The repellency property was tested on shaved albino rats for a period of 6 hours. The results showed that the methanol extract exerted the highest inhibitory property with diameter of 22.44± 0.51mm, 17.21±0.51mm and 14.28± 1.12mm on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli respectively. The chloroform extract exerted the highest zone of inhibition on Bacillus cereus having a diameter of 13.66± 0.33mm. Comparatively, the methanol extract was more effective than most of the commercial antibiotics used, which also repelled female anopheles mosquito for 5½ hours before any landing was observed. Observations from this research shows that lemongrass has antibacterial effect against the bacteria used and can be used to design new antibacterial or to fortify the existing ones. The extract can also be used for repelling insects and mixed with creams to repel vectors mosquitoes.
An immunoinformatics approach for the design of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine for urogenital schistosomiasis
(PeerJ, 2020-10-02) Onile, O.S.; Fadahunsi, Adeyinka I.; Adekunle, Ameerah A.; Oyeyemi, Bolaji F.; Anumudu, Chiaka I.
Discovery of T and B memory cells capable of eliciting long-term immunity against schistosomiasisis is important for people in endemic areas. Changes in schistosomes environment due to developmental cycle, induces up-regulation of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) which assist the parasite in coping with the hostile conditions associated with its life cycle. This study therefore focused on exploring the role of HSPs in urogenital schistosomiasis to develop new multi-epitope subunit vaccine against the disease using immunoinformatic approaches. The designed subunit vaccine was subjected to in silico antigenicity, immunogenicity, allergenicity and physicochemical parameters analysis. A 3D structure of the vaccine construct was predicted, followed by disulphide engineering for stability, codon adaptation and in silico cloning for proper expression and molecular protein–protein docking of vaccine construct in the vector against toll-like receptor 4 receptor, respectively. Consequently, a 493 amino acid multi-epitope vaccine construct of antigenicity probability of 0.91 was designed. This was predicted to be stable, non-allergenic in nature and safe for human use.
Metabolite profiling for biomarkers in Schistosoma haematobium infection and associated bladder pathologies
(PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2018-04) Adebayo, Adewale S.; Mundhe, Swapnil D.; Awobode, Henrietta O.; Onile, O.S.; Agunloye, Atinuke M.; Isokpehi, Raphael D.; Shouche, Yogesh S.; Santhakumari, Bayatigeri; Anumudu, Chiaka I.
Background Metabolic fingerprinting analysis can offer insights into underlying reactions in a biological system; hence it is crucial to the understanding of disease pathogenesis and could provide useful tools for discovering biomarkers. We sought to examine the urine and plasma metabolome in individuals affected by urogenital schistosomiasis and its associated-bladder pathologies. Methodology Blood and midstream urine were obtained from volunteers who matched our inclusion criteria among residents from Eggua, southwestern Nigeria. Samples were screened by urinalysis, microscopy, PCR and ultrasonography, and categorised as advanced (urogenital schistosomiasis associated-bladder pathologies), infection-only (urogenital schistosomiasis alone) and controls (no infection and no pathology). Metabolites were extracted and data acquired with ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Thermo Q-Exactive orbitrap HRMS. Data was analysed with MetaboAnalyst, Workflow4Metabolomics, HMDB, LipidMaps and other bioinformatics tools, with univariate and multivariate statistics for metabolite selection. Principal findings There were low levels of host sex steroids, and high levels of several benzenoids, catechols and lipids (including ganglioside, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine), in infection-only and advanced cases (FDR<0.05, VIP>2, delta>2.0). Metabolites involved in biochemical pathways related to chorismate production were abundant in controls, while those related to choline and sphingolipid metabolism were upregulated in advanced cases (FDR<0.05). Some of these human host and Schistosoma haematobium molecules, including catechol estrogens, were good markers to distinguish infection-only and advanced cases. Conclusions Altered glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism could be key factors promoting the development of bladder pathologies and tumours during urogenital schistosomiasis.
Quantitative label-free proteomic analysis of human urine to identify novel candidate protein biomarkers for schistosomiasis
(PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2017-11) Onile, O.S.; Calder, Bridget; Soares, Nelson C.; Anumudu, Chiaka I.; Blackburn, Jonathan M.
Background Schistosomiasis is a chronic neglected tropical disease that is characterized by continued inflammatory challenges to the exposed population and it has been established as a possible risk factor in the aetiology of bladder cancer. Improved diagnosis of schistosomiasis and its associated pathology is possible through mass spectrometry to identify biomarkers among the infected population, which will influence early detection of the disease and its subtle morbidity. Methodology A high-throughput proteomic approach was used to analyse human urine samples for 49 volunteers from Eggua, a schistosomiasis endemic community in South-West, Nigeria. The individuals were previously screened for Schistosoma haematobium and structural bladder pathologies via microscopy and ultrasonography respectively. Samples were categorised into schistosomiasis, schistosomiasis with bladder pathology, bladder pathology, and a normal healthy control group. These samples were analysed to identify potential protein biomarkers. Results A total of 1306 proteins and 9701 unique peptides were observed in this study (FDR = 0.01). Fifty-four human proteins were found to be potential biomarkers for schistosomiasis and bladder pathologies due to schistosomiasis by label-free quantitative comparison between groups. Thirty-six (36) parasite-derived potential biomarkers were also identified, which include some existing putative schistosomiasis biomarkers that have been previously reported. Some of these proteins include Elongation factor 1 alpha, phosphopyruvate hydratase, histone H4 and heat shock proteins (HSP 60, HSP 70). Conclusion These findings provide an in-depth analysis of potential schistosoma and human host protein biomarkers for diagnosis of chronic schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium and its pathogenesis
Quantitative label-free proteomic analysis of human urine to identify novel candidate protein biomarkers for schistosomiasis
(PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2017-11) Onile, O.S.; Calder, Bridget; Soares, Nelson C.; Anumudu, Chiaka I.; Blackburn, Jonathan M.
Background Schistosomiasis is a chronic neglected tropical disease that is characterized by continued inflammatory challenges to the exposed population and it has been established as a possible risk factor in the aetiology of bladder cancer. Improved diagnosis of schistosomiasis and its associated pathology is possible through mass spectrometry to identify biomarkers among the infected population, which will influence early detection of the disease and its subtle morbidity. Methodology A high-throughput proteomic approach was used to analyse human urine samples for 49 volunteers from Eggua, a schistosomiasis endemic community in South-West, Nigeria. The individuals were previously screened for Schistosoma haematobium and structural bladder pathologies via microscopy and ultrasonography respectively. Samples were categorised into schistosomiasis, schistosomiasis with bladder pathology, bladder pathology, and a normal healthy control group. These samples were analysed to identify potential protein biomarkers. Results A total of 1306 proteins and 9701 unique peptides were observed in this study (FDR = 0.01). Fifty-four human proteins were found to be potential biomarkers for schistosomiasis and bladder pathologies due to schistosomiasis by label-free quantitative comparison between groups. Thirty-six (36) parasite-derived potential biomarkers were also identified, which include some existing putative schistosomiasis biomarkers that have been previously reported. Some of these proteins include Elongation factor 1 alpha, phosphopyruvate hydratase, histone H4 and heat shock proteins (HSP 60, HSP 70). Conclusion These findings provide an in-depth analysis of potential schistosoma and human host protein biomarkers for diagnosis of chronic schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium and its pathogenesis.
SLC11A1 Gene Polymorphism in Adults Co-Infected with Helminth and Latent Tuberculosis in Yewa, Ogun State
(Afr. J. Biomed. Res, 2020-09) Adepoju, P.O.; Onile, O.S.; Awobode, T.; Cadmus, S.I.B.; Anumudu, C.I.A.
Mutations in the 3’UTR and D543N regions of the solute carrier 11a1 protein (SLC11A1) gene have been found to strongly increase the risk of several diseases caused by intracellular organisms such as M. tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to screen for polymorphisms in the 3’UTR and D543N regions of SLC11A1 gene with the goal of understanding the genetic dynamics of tuberculosis and schistosomiasis co-infection in a Nigerian adult population. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 185 participants who were screened for intestinal and urinary helminthiases using microscopic examination of stool and urine respectively; latent tuberculosis using skin tuberculin test; and active tuberculosis using sputum microscopy. PCR-RFLP analyses were carried out on extracted DNA for detection of SLC11A1 gene polymorphisms. Participants filled questionnaires from which information on awareness, clinical and family histories and lifestyles were obtained. There were no polymorphisms observed. 32% had urinary schistosomiasis and 0.1% had intestinal helminthiasis suggesting that both types of infections could occur independently in the same population. The prevalence of coinfection with schistosomiasis and tuberculosis was 6.5%. This observation suggests an immunomodulation during schistosomiasis and latent tuberculosis co-infection. The absence of polymorphisms did not support the hypothesis that co-infection with schistosomiasis and latent tuberculosis might play a role as a risk factor during the development of active tuberculosis.

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