Economics

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Rural migration and rural development: an exploratory study of return migrants in selected rural communities of Nigeria
(Journal of Rural Economics and Development, 1978) Fadayomi, Theophilus O.
An analysis of return migration to rural areas in Nigeria is presented. Data are from a survey of 1,150 households in two villages of the Ishan Division of Bendel State. The characteristics of migrants and nonmigrants are compared, and reasons for return migration are considered. (ANNOTATION)
The Demand for Pre-School Care: An Aspect of the Problems of the Nigerian Working Mother
(Sage Publications, 1979-01) Fadayomi, Theophilus O.
One of the changes brought about by the increasing employment of women outside the home is the demand for both custodial and developmental care for their pre-school age children 1. The demand situation for extra-maternal child care in Nigeria seems to be aggravated by the gradual erosion of the traditional resources for extramaternal childcare such as the community of friends and relations, hired nursemaids and servants, and the inadequate provision of extrafamilial institutions such as nurseries and daycare centres. Rather than quantify the demand for extramaternal care for children, this study assesses the childcare arrangements of working mothers and inquires into the existing resources for meeting this demand both within and outside the household. It is concluded that demand for extramaternal childcare of both custodial and developmental nature is not fulfilled by existing resources. Therefore, it is being suggested that an inventory of existing pre-school institutions such as nurseries and daycare centres, programmes for the improvement and expansion of these facilities would facilitate the participation of women in the labour force and their effective contribution to social and economic development.
The demographic factor in the provision of health facilities in developing countries: the case of Nigeria
(Elsevier, 1984-01-01) Fadayomi, Theophilus O.; Oyeneye, O. Y.
Current emphasis on preventive health measures in developing countries such as Nigeria is not often reflected in actual performance of health programmes. It is still common to find that a major proportion of the health budget is expended on the construction of modern hospitals in a few privileged areas such as the major towns and urban centres. This strategy of medical care delivery continues in spite of the demographic situation which makes it virtually impossible for any developing nation to aim at providing adequate hospital-based care for its growing and basically rural population. Therefore, it is being suggested that the existing practice of medical care planning which places an undue emphasis on hospital based care is too expensive and will have to give way to less expensive and comprehensive strategies involving community participation such as health education, nutritional improvement programmes and more reliance on local medical resources.
Migrations and development policies in Nigeria.
(Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa [CODESRIA], 1992) Fadayomi, Theophilus O.; Titilola, S. O.; Oni, B.; Fapohunda, O. J.
The authors of this book chapter conclude that increased urbanization in Nigeria is a product of natural growth and migration. Rural-to-rural migration dominated during the colonial period. Independence was marked by rural-urban urban-urban and return migration streams. The authors posit that the problems of inadequate supplies of housing and clean water in urban centers led to overcrowding and the resulting urban social and health hazards. Urban in-migration was the cause of urban growth. The rural population structure was related to the availability of labor and food production. Rural development depended upon the availability of a resourceful willing and capable young population and reduced out-migration. Urban migrants increased the demand for educational services and strained existing resources. Rapid social changes have led to homelessness and changes in marriage and the family. Nigeria has a variety of climates and geography and abundant natural resources including oil. About 50% of the population is comprised of ethnic groups i.e. Hausa in the north Ibo in the southeast and the Yuroba in the west. During colonial periods large scale migration movements were fueled by social conflicts. Colonial practices increased the demand for labor in colonial agriculture and mining industries forced taxation on the adult population and produced a wage earning labor force. Traditional forms of social organization based on kinship and political or tribal rights were substituted with the European mode of social organization. The colonial regime created new urban centers and a population shift to developing areas in the north …
Migrations et urbanisation au sud du Sahara: quels impacts sur les politiques de population et de développement?
(KARTHALA Editions, 1993) Touré, Moriba; Fadayomi, Theophilus O.
La première phase du" Programme Population, Migrations, Urbanisation et Développement" du CODESRIA a été intitulée: Population et développement en Afrique". Les travaux effectués dans ce cadre ont été rassemblés dans un livre édité par Edi Jemaï coordonnateur du projet. Le livre publié dans la présente" Série des livres du CODESRIA", aborde le développement économique et social à partir de problèmes démographiques précis. Ainsi, a-t-il été articulé autour de trois thèmes principaux à savoir: celui des migrations internes et internationales en relation avec le phénomène de colonisation des terres en Côte d'Ivoire, au Ghana, au Burkina Faso, au Nigéria et au Sénégal; celui des interactions de la croissance démographique et de la croissance économique en Afrique, et le dernier thème consacré à la mortalité en rapport avec le développement économique. Le présent ouvrage est le produit de la deuxième phase du programme du CODESRIA sus-mentionné, à travers le projet intitulé: Politique de population, migrations, urbanisation et crise des zones rurales en Afrique au Sud du Sahara. En effet, dans le cadre de ce projet, au départ, douze équipes pluridisciplinaires de chercheurs africains ont été constituées pour travailler entre octobre 1986 et juillet 1989 dans onze pays: Burundi, Centre Afrique, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Lesotho, Mali, Nigéria, Sénégal, Sierra Léone, Tanzanie et Zambie.
Technological dependence in Africa: its nature, causes, consequences and policy derivatives
(Technovation, 1996) Fabayo, J.A.
Technology is critical to development because it is a resource which endows economic growth with much of its capacity for satisfying human wants. Whether the need is for more food, better education, improved housing, health care, transportation and telecommunication, increased industrial output, etc., modern technology plays a decisive role, particularly as it enhances the efficiency of resource utilization, spurs the creation and expansion of resources (e.g. physical capital) and diminishes the importance of natural factor endowment in economic progress. It is this developmental role of technology that makes its acquisition or the capability for generating it important and underscores the need for its importation in Africa, given the continent's inability to source it locally. It is, however, the contention of this study that African countries' reliance on technology imports has not only inhibited local technological development efforts in the continent, but has also contributed, in a rather cumulative manner, to the distorted development or underdevelopment of the African economy. Unless concerted efforts are made to build up a strong indigenous scientific and modern technological development capability that can guarantee some degree of self-reliance in technological matters, any hope for a rapid and internally stimulated development of the African economy will remain as a mere illusion.
Inflation: How Much is Too Much for Economic Growth in Nigeria
(Indian Economic Review, 2006) FABAYO, JOSEPH ADEMOLA; AJILORE, OLUBANJO TAIWO
This study follows the methodology of Khan and Sendhadji (2001) to examine the existence of threshold effects in the inflation-growth relationship, using Nigeria data for the period 1970 to 2003. The results suggest the existence of inflation threshold level of 6 percent. Below this level, there exists significantly positive relationship between inflation and economic growth, while above this threshold level, inflation retards growth performance. Sensitivity analyses conducted confirmed the robustness of these results. This finding suggests that bringing inflation down to single digits should be the goal of macroeconomic.
Analysis of the cost of governance and options for its reduction in Nigeria
(Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies, 2007-10-05) Adewole, Musiliu A.; Osabuohien, E. S.
Government at any given level and over a defined territory can be treated as a typical example of a natural monopoly in the sense that only one can exist at any particular time. Thus, the traditional theories of costs and monopoly can be very useful in the analysis of the cost structure of government. Like any other unchecked private monopoly, government and by extension governance, can produce sub-optimal units of public good in which it has comparative advantage. Depending on the resources at its disposal and the tax-elasticity of public goods, massive deadweight costs, among others, often result from a high cost governance structure. This paper explores the effects of destructive political competition. It suggests constitutional provisions that will guarantee true separation of powers, restructure the mechanism of governance to, among other measures, limit the size of the cabinet to reduce the high cost of governance in Nigeria.
Empirical analysis of the impact of globalization on labor force utilization: Evidence from Nigeria
(African Economic and Business Review, 2010) Aremo, Adeleke G.; Adele, Alagbile M.
In this study, the impact of globalization on labor force utilization, proxied as employment, in Nigeria was addressed with a view to assessing the extent to which globalization has influenced the structure of development in Nigeria. To achieve this, Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, and cointegration test were performed to investigate the unit root problem and the long run relationship among variables respectively; also an Error Correction Methodology was applied with a view to capturing both the short run and long run dynamic adjustments in employment model. The findings that emerged from the analysis showed that globalization practice could generate negative impact on employment in both short- and long run periods suggesting that if globalization continues as being practiced, globalization could further worsen the extant decrepit state of unemployment in Nigeria other things being equal. It is therefore recommended that government should confront the imminent unavoidable negative effects of globalization with a well –designed policy mix.
Family characteristics, students' reading habits, environment and students' academic performance in Nigeria
(Inderscience Publishers, 2011-01) Folorunso, Benjamin A.; Aremo, Adeleke G.; Abogan, Philips O.
The paper examined family background factors that affect students' academic achievement in institutions of higher learning in Nigeria. With the use of structured questionnaire, data were collected from 110 first-degree final year students using random sampling and analysed through multiple linear regression techniques. It was found that student's academic performance was positively influenced by student's parental level of education, maternal income level, age, income of the student and number of hours allocated for reading on daily basis. Those students who spent more hours reading their books daily were found performing better than those who spent lesser hours. The hypothesis that parental educational level impacted positive effects on students' academic performance was confirmed valid for the country while effects of parental occupation and parental income were mixed. The major finding of the paper was that higher educational attainment and income status of parents were essential factors contributing to high academic record of students of tertiary institutions. It was, therefore, recommended that policy that enforces higher education advancement for all parents should be enforced in Nigeria.
Can globalisation induce economic growth in less developed economies? Evidence from Nigeria small open economy
(Sabinet, 2011-12) Aremo, Adeleke G.; Aiyegbusi, Oluwole O.
Effects of globalisation on economic growth in Nigeria were examined. The study methododology was mainly Error Correction Mechanism. The findings revealed that globalisation has negative impact on economic growth in the long run, but positive in the short run. This suggests that while Nigeria participates in globalisation exercise, caution should be exercised in opening up all its growing sectors to international competition, so as not to permanently stiffen the growth of these sectors in the long run with its accompanied negative impacts on the economy
Oil price shocks and fiscal policy management: Implications for Nigerian economic planning (1980-2009)
(International Journal of Development and sustainability, 2012) Aremo, Adeleke G.; Orisadare, Monica A.; Ekperiware, Moses C.
High Oil price fluctuations have been a common feature in Nigeria and these have considerably constituted a major source of fiscal policy disturbance to the Nigerian economy as well as the economies of other oil producing countries of the world. The over-reliance on oil production for income generation combined with local undiversified revenue and export bases is an issue for concern. This has policy implications for economic policy and in particular fiscal policy management. The motivation for this study is to examine the effect of oil price shock on fiscal policy in the country. Using structural vector autoregression (SVAR) methodology, the effects of crude oil price fluctuations on two major key fiscal policy variables (government expenditure (GEXP) and government revenue (GREV)), money supply (MS2) and GDP were examined. The results showed that oil prices have significant effect on fiscal policy in Nigeria within the study period of 1980: 1 to 2009: 4. The study also revealed that oil price shock affects GREV and GDP first before reflecting on fiscal expenditure. The study suggests strongly that diversification of the economy is necessary in order to minimize the consequences of oil price fluctuations on government revenue, by implication government expenditure planning in the country.
Street Trading Activities and Maternal Health in Urban Areas of Nigeria
(Global Journal of Human Social Science Arts and Humanities, 2012) Amoo, Emmanuel; Ola-David, Oluwayomi; Ogunrinola, I.O.; Fadayomi, T.O.
The study assessed the health risks associated with street trading activities among selected mothers in urban centers of Nigeria. The data used was extracted from national survey data among 3,873 street traders selected in various Central Business Districts (CBDs) across three major cities of Nigeria, namely, Lagos, Kano and Port Harcourt. The study showed that street trading has provided job opportunities for mothers but the impact of the business on their welfare is not visible considering their weekly income that is far below their weekly expenditure. Respondents with primary, secondary and tertiary education are 0.879, 0.553 and 0.818 less likely to be injured while trading on the street compared to individuals who have no formal education. The authors suggest due recognition to be given to the activity and that street tradersgovernment partnership be established in order to safeguard the health of the operators.
The study assessed the health risks associated with street trading activities among selected mothers in urban centers of Nigeria. The data used was extracted from national survey data among 3,873 street traders selected in various Central Business Districts (CBDs) across three major cities of Nigeria, namely, Lagos, Kano and Port Harcourt. The study showed that street trading has provided job opportunities for mothers but the impact of the business on their welfare is not visible considering their weekly income that is far below their weekly expenditure. Respondents with primary, secondary and tertiary education are 0.879, 0.553 and 0.818 less likely to be injured while trading on the street compared to individuals who have no formal education. The authors suggest due recognition to be given to the activity and that street traders-government partnership be established in order to safeguard the health of the operators.
(Global Journals, 2012) Amoo, Emmanuel O.; Ola-David, Oluwayomi; Olurinola, Isaiah O.; Fadayomi, Theophilus O.
The study assessed the health risks associated with street trading activities among selected mothers in urban centers of Nigeria. The data used was extracted from national survey data among 3,873 street traders selected in various Central Business Districts (CBDs) across three major cities of Nigeria, namely, Lagos, Kano and Port Harcourt. The study showed that street trading has provided job opportunities for mothers but the impact of the business on their welfare is not visible considering their weekly income that is far below their weekly expenditure. Respondents with primary, secondary and tertiary education are 0.879, 0.553 and 0.818 less likely to be injured while trading on the street compared to individuals who have no formal education. The authors suggest due recognition to be given to the activity and that street traders-government partnership be established in order to safeguard the health of the operators.
Effective Service Delivery of Nigeria’s Public Primary Education: The Role of Non-State Actors
(African Finance and Economic Association, United States, 2013) George, E. S.; Olayiwola, T.; Adewole, Musiliu. A.; Osabouhien, M. A.
The study examines and analyses the role of Non-State Actors (NSAs) in public provision of primary education in Nigeria using descriptive and econometric techniques. The analysis demonstrates that the major source of funding of public primary education in Nigeria flows from the Federal Government to the State government and finally to the Local Government Education Authority (LGEA). The study shows that NSAs’ activities are mainly the provision of school inputs with little or no role monitoring and management of public primary schools. It was found that the presence of private school inspectors has significant positive effect on pupils’ performance. Parents occupation and household qualities especially type of building were found to have positive impact on the pupils’ performance. Based on these findings, the study recommends the need for adequate involvement of NSAs in the management of public primary schools and improved inspection of schools as ways of improving the quality of primary education in Nigeria.
Migration Prospects of Youths Employed in Nigerian Cities
(SSRN, 2013) Ola-David, Oluyomi; Amoo, Emmanuel O.; Olurinola, Oluranti; Fadayomi, Theophilus O.
This paper explores the challenge of youth employment in the Nigerian context with a bid to demonstrate interconnections among socio-economic characteristics and incessant youth migration. Univariate and multivariate analysis were carried out with the use of youth data (N= 1353) culled from a survey of street traders in urban centres of Nigeria. The analysis results indicate gender, employment status, marital commitments, migrant status and mode of trading as statistically significant determinants of youth migration in search of better opportunities. Owing to the non-availability of desirable jobs for the educated youths, majority seek further migration from their current business locations in search of better job opportunities: both at home and abroad. In order to reduce the incidence of skilled migration we recommend that policy emphasis be placed on vocational and entrepreneurship training. Further, given the growing incidence of urbanization, we noted the crucial need for an employment-generating macroeconomic framework.
SETTING SUSTAINABLE STANDARDS FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION: LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL IMPERATIVES
(Afe Babalola University:, 2013) Olarinde, Damilola; Olarinde, Omolola S.
Due to the extensive warnings and scientific predictions on the potential and emerging impacts of global climate change on human life and survival, policy makers across the world are beginning to embrace renewable energy options as ways to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. 1 As the United States President noted: But to truly transform our economy, protect our security, and save our planet from the ravages of climate change, we need to ultimately make clean, renewable energy the profitable kind of energy... We have known for decades that our survival depends on finding new sources of energy. Yet we import more oil today than ever before.
Post-Secondary Schooling Quality and Manufacturing Capacity in Africa
(Sociak Science Research Network, 2014) Adewole, Musiliu A.; Oluyomi, Ola-David
Quality investment in post-secondary schooling could facilitate structural transformation of African economies presently dominated by small-scale agricultural activities. To probe the causal relationship between human capital quality and manufacturing capacity, we build a new database of schooling quality. The country-level average test score of students in the GMAT examinations between 1984 and 2006 is used as the main measure of post-secondary schooling quality. Our OLS results suggest a strong and positive relationship between schooling quality and manufacturing capacity. Our results are robust to the addition of a fairly large number of relevant variables, corrections for influential observations and check for self-selection related biases. Furthermore, we use 2SLS technique to correct for possible endogeneity, omitted variable bias and measurement error of the schooling quality indicator. Our instrument passed the tests of exogeneity, although the maximum likelihood technique is used due to weak instrument problem
Issues of South-South migration: A case study of Nigerian diasporas in Ghana
(Developing Country Studies, 2014) Fadayomi, Theophilus O.; Fayomi, Oluyemi O.; Adejumo, G. O.
In spite of the fact that intra and inter-regional migration predates the colonial period in Africa, South-South visà-vis South-North migration has received little attention in the international discourse on migration. Recent investigations are indicating that South-South migration is important in terms of its magnitude. For example, a World Bank study shows that about two-thirds of Sub-Saharan migrants remain within their sub-region with among the highest rates of intra-regional mobility (World Bank, 2011). Beyond this general observation, information is scarce in respect of who these migrants are, their contributions to the development process of the sub-region, their opportunities and challenges within the context of regional economic communities and most importantly the need for appropriate policies and strategies to address the constraints facing this valuable resource. It is evident from our study that Nigerians are engaged in trans-nationalism in the context of intra-regional migration in West Africa. The Nigerian Diasporas in Ghana maintain social, political and most importantly economic linkages with their home country in the process of forming transnational communities. At destination, they are organized along ethnic, religious and professional lines, which are the platforms for their interventions in the home country as remitters of ideas, funds and goods. Their altruistic posture has often served as a major household survival strategy to cushion the negative effects of unemployment, sickness and bad harvests on household members left behind by providing for their basic consumption needs, and meeting the human capital needs of the next generation in terms of education, health care and shelter. For better-off households, remittances provide capital for small businesses and small-scale industries. The collective remittances through Home Town Development and ethnic associations are sources of funding basic infrastructural facilities which benefit all households especially in small communities that may not be benefiting from local government budgets. The evidence from the activities of Nigerian Diasporas in Ghana shows that they, as part of the Nigerian transnationals world-wide, can complement and deepen Nigeria’s efforts at reducing poverty and improving development at local and national levels. Therefore, the government needs to recognize this potential and factor it into its regional cooperation, especially at ECOWAS level in order to address some of the challenges and constraints facing trans-nationals in member states.
Occupational Health and Safety among Street Traders in, Nigeria
(Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2014) Olurinola, Isaiah O.; Fadayomi, Theophilus O.; Amoo, Emmanuel O.; Ola-David, Oluwayomi
This study examined two important types of occupational hazards in the street trading activities in Nigeria which are (i) injuries sustained from road traffic accident and (ii) harassment of traders through indiscriminate arrest, seizure and confiscation of merchandise and occasional incarceration of sellers in police cells. The data for the study was generated from a 2011 national survey of 3,873 street traders in Nigeria which was made possible through a research grant provided by the Covenant University’s Centre for Research and Development. In addition to the descriptive statistics used in profiling the street traders, the binary logistic regression approach was also used to estimate the log of odds of experiencing occupational hazards in street trading activities. The study found out that 25 percent of the traders have suffered injury, while 49.1 percent have experienced harassment from public authority officials. Given these findings, policy measures that would focus on integrated national development, provide alternative selling points off the main streets for traders who cannot hire a shop, create more decent jobs for educated youths who are forced to take up street trading due to long spell of unemployment, among others, were proposed.

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