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Active on Paper, Passive in Practice: Local Government and the Challenges of Disaster Management in South West, Nigeria, 2010-2018
(Journal of Health and Social Issues (JOHESI), 2018-09) ADEFISOYE, Taiwo O.
The National Disaster Management Framework of Nigeria stipulates among other things that State Governments should formulate enabling laws for the establishment and functioning of Local Emergency Management Authority. Therefore, in consonance with the spirit and letter of the local government as the closest administrative unit to the people, it is widely regarded as the most immediate public service provider and the first responder to any disaster. Despite this, the posture of the local government in Nigeria’s disaster management system is not desirable, as it has been a passive player. This undesirable development raises the question of disaster management policy implementation in the country. Taking a cue from incidents of flooding particularly those of 2011 and 2012 in South West, Nigeria as case studies, the paper examined the posture of the local government within Nigeria’s disaster management policy framework. With a view to achieving the objective of the paper, a field survey was carried-out in six purposively selected local areas in four of the six states in South West, Nigeria. Interviews were also conducted with relevant key informants. The study found-out among other things, that States in the South West region are yet to comply with the provision of the National Disaster Management Framework to establish Local Emergency Management Authority at the local government level. Instead, the responsibility is still not acceptable to many state-owned emergency management outfits; a situation that poses a great danger to the achievement of the overall policy goals of disaster management in Nigeria. Knowing the importance of the local government in disaster management, the paper recommends among other things that financial and political autonomy of the local government would re-position it as an active player.
Africa: Understanding and Managing Violent Conflicts
(Conflict Studies Quarterly, 2018-01) ADEFISOYE, Taiwo O.; BAMIDELE, Oluwaseun
In 2011, the World Bank reported that an estimated 1.5 billion people worldwide live in con􀏔lict-affected countries where repeated cycles of political and organized violence hinder development, reduce human security and result in massive humanitarian suffering. Out of this 􀏔igure, the African continent is host to a signi􀏔icant number. Since the 1960s, the continent has been laden with varied dimensions of con􀏔licts, orchestrated by, but not limited to, border disputes, communal/ethnic differences and political agitations caused by her colonial origin and other internal trajectories. Using document analysis conducted through systematic review, this work identi􀏔ies causes and consequences of con􀏔licts in Africa and prospects for peaceful and enduring con􀏔lict resolution mechanism. It was also identi􀏔ied that the response of African Union and other sub-regional organizations to the intense and chronic nature of con􀏔lict situations in the region has, over the years, ranged from apathy to reliance on short-term security measures, which has otherwise not able to proffer lasting solutions to the con􀏔lict situations. It was posited that rather than rely on heavy military operations and response-centric approaches to con􀏔lict management, there is a dire need for a robust effort at good governance and people-centred policy reforms where socioeconomic development is accorded high priority to mitigate the perception of alienation and marginalization among various groups in African countries. Besides, appropriate institutional responses by African states are critical and necessary to transforming the volatile environment to peaceful havens, conducive for development and progress.
African Popular Culture and the Path of Consciousness: Hip Hop and the Culture of Resistance in Nigeria
(Postcolonial Text, 2013-11) Adedeji, Wale
Having witnessed increasing popularity and boost in Africa from the 1990s, hip-hop is rapidly becoming a dominant culture among the youths as a vehicle of local social critique and global inter-connectivity in the public sphere. While incorporating elements from their own local cultures to appeal to home-grown sensibilities, hip-hop musicians have found a platform for getting their messages and ideas across to local audiences through music. However, in recent times hip-hop has been an object of constant criticism for veering off its path of consciousness with its projection of affluence, materialism (‘blings’), over-sexualisation, and misogynist(ic) messages by its artists. This paper argues that despite a lot of negative criticism trailing hip hop worldwide, Africa still remains a fertile ground where the genre is being deployed by youths as a vital tool of resistance and a powerful voice for socio-political and economic change. Using the Nigerian hip-hop scene and the critical analysis of the music of Sound Sultan, 2Face Idibia and Eedris Abdulkareem, I demonstrate the ways in which popular hip-hop music has now assumed huge cultural force for youths in urban Nigeria. I argue that the hip hop generation in Nigeria still believes in using the genre to effect a change in a country riddled with corruption and abuse of public office, thereby choosing the path of consciousness over commercialisation and large-scale hedonism amongst youth.
Africanity and New Wave Popular Music Style in Nigeria: “Afro” Hip Hop Revisited
(Scholars Bulletin, 2016-07) Adedeji, Wale
The concept of Africanity traverses many decades, being a socio-political ethos or cogitation perceived as manifest reaction against slavery and colonization. As a resistance mode, imbuement of the Africanity philosophy has shaped people of African descent in the Diaspora and many post-slavery generations all over the world in maintaining their African roots identity. This paper examines the concept of Africanity in the 21st Century Africa, using the Nigerian popular music scene as a paradigm. Against the backdrop of the present mainstream Hip hop music style referred to as „Afro hip hop‟, the study will use music and video analytical procedures with the objective of identifying the various media through which hip hop artistes project their Africanity. It is quite evident that music artistes still strive to maintain their African identity despite subscribing to a Western originated music style. This is made manifest through language use, nomenclature, message, visual projection, and sonic arrangement among other parameters.
AN ASSESSMENT OF NIGERIA’S INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
(Scientific Research Journal (SCIRJ), 2015-01) Adefisoye, Taiwo O.
In a bid to ensuring a virile emergency management practice, which would conform to global best practices, the Federal Government of Nigeria, through the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), in 2010, came up with the National Disaster Management Framework (NDMF). The framework was designed among other reasons, to provide jurisdictional responsibilities, promote efficiency and build institutional capacity among the various stakeholders in the area of disaster management. However, since its introduction, the framework is yet to make significant progress in ensuring the provision of effective and efficient institutional capacity especially at the State and Local government levels. Using secondary data, this paper identified some of the reasons for such inadequacy. It argues that the framework lacks full backing of the law to punish non-compliance and non- conformity with its provisions. Also, it identifies poor funding and lack of awareness as other problems affecting the framework. The study concludes that the vision of Nigeria to become one of the top twenty nations of the world in no distant time, would be a mirage if relevant stakeholders do not wake up to their responsibilities and rise to the occasion to ensure the realization of a viable, dynamic, efficient and effective disaster management system. Also, the study advocates the imperative of mainstreaming disaster management education into the curriculum of secondary schools, as well as proper funding as viable strategies of overcoming these challenges.
Between May 29 and June 12 1993: The Political Intrigues of Democracy Day Celebration in Nigeria
(Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies (JAIS), 2018-11) Adefisoye, Taiwo O; Oluwaleye, Janet Monisola
The article examined an issue that has attracted wide-spread debates and intrigues in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic (1999-2018) - democracy day celebration. Initially May 29, ostensibly to mark the end of military rule and the commencement of the Fourth Republic; it was changed to June 12 almost two decades later. The reason for such action was to perhaps honour M.K.O Abiola; the acclaimed winner of the enigmatic June 12 1993 presidential election. Both decisions, particularly the latter, have been given various interpretations, particularly coming in less than a year to the 2019 general elections. The article therefore analyses the political intrigues around Democracy Day celebration in Nigeria. In achieving its objectives, an online survey was conducted among fifty-four Nigerians, resident in the country and in the Diaspora. Besides, scholarly works and newspaper articles were reviewed. The article argued that the decision to declare May 29 as Nigeria’s Democracy Day and the subsequent change to June 12 was elitist, politically-strategic and not in the interest of the people which democracy represents.
Bureaucratic Deconcentration and Its Implication for Rural Development in Nigeria
(Delta State University: Journal of Social and Management Sciences, 2022-04) Braimah, Frederick Imuebe; Ohwona, Andrew I.
Citizen Participation and Flood Management: Lessons for Public Policy Implementation in Nigeria
(IISTE: Public Policy and Administration Research, 2017) ADEFISOYE, Taiwo O.
One of the key elements that determine an effective flood management system is the level of citizen participation. Over the years, it is noticeable that disaster management practice as it relates to flood management in Nigeria revolves majorly around government agencies and assumes a formal-institutional, top-down, agency-driven and centralized forms. By implication, flood management has been less dynamic and grossly inefficient. This study highlights the centrality of citizen participation in flood management using South-west Nigeria, a region that is constantly prone to threats of flood every year, as a case study. Data for the study were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. For the primary sources, a total of 180 questionnaires were administered in selected communities across four out of the six states that make up the region. Besides, key informant interviews were conducted with relevant stake-holders. Also, available literature was critically reviewed and reports were examined to generate secondary data. This work identifies inherent flaws in the top-down, agency-driven approaches to flood management and explains how an all-inclusive, citizen-centered approach could yield better results. It was discovered that affected communities, prior to the flood incidents of 2011 and 2012 did not have concrete and functional mitigation plans aside the conventional monthly environmental sanitation exercise which is not even mandatory. Besides the absence of well-planned mitigation framework, it was discovered that the level of interaction between government agencies and citizens as it relates to flood management is low in the study areas. The paper argues that the level of citizen involvement would determine to a large extent the successful implementation of flood management policies. The paper recommends among other things tha
Communicative Strategies in Contemporary Nigerian Drama: A Stylistic Analysis of Ahmed Yerima’s The Lottery Ticket
(Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 2014) Emike, Acheoah John; Ayodabo, Sunday Joseph
The study is a stylistic analysis of Ahmed Yerima‟s The Lottery Ticket. Like other contemporary Nigerian dramatists, Yerima is engaged in the quest for suitable forms with which the Nigerian experience can be transmitted through drama. We examine the stylistic features in the Play. We mainly hinge on the Communicative Model of stylistic theory for the analysis of four data selected via defined parameters. The analysis reveals that the Play is characterized by authorial use of diverse stylistic and rhetorical devices: cohesive devices, point of view, pidgin and figurative language. Thus, the structure of the play is functional. We rely on the Projection Principle to extend the stylistic features of the play to contemporary Nigerian drama
A Configuration of Socio-Political Dialectics in Nigerian Pidgin English: Trends in Peter Onwudijo’s Poetry
(International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies (IJHCS) ISSN 2356-5926, 2016-03-29) Ayodabo, Sunday J.
Peter Onwundijo’s poetry collection, De Wahala for Wazobia (2007), comments on the contemporary Nigeria’s pitiable social problems. The poet employs Nigerian Pidgin English, not only as a dialectal tool to examine the issue of Nigeria’s amalgamation, but also as a lingua franca, which aptly describes the polity of multilingual Nigeria. It addresses the myriad hydra-headed issues like corruption, educational decay, election malpractices, neocolonialism, and insecurity among other forms of vices plaguing the nation which continue to militate against her development. The poems were analysed using sociolinguistics and semiotic theories as frameworks. The result of the analyses showed that the poet’s ability to effectively use the Nigerian Pidgin English to address such important issues does not make the language inferior when compared to the other established languages of the world. Rather, it should be seen as a language (second) that reflects creativity, productivity, simplicity, acceptability and understanding among the Nigerians. Indeed, it makes for a wider understanding of the poet’s major concern, as the pidgin, in Nigeria, is often being described as “the language of the people” The study appraised the collection as an attempt at demystifying the Nigerian Pidgin English as well as evaluating its relevance for modern Nigerian poetry in its quest to radicalize the political and economic situation in Nigeria.
Contemporary Marriage Processes in Nigeria: Willing Love, Perilous Business, Post-Marriage Problems
(Modern Research Studies: An International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2017-09) SOLANKE, STEPHEN O.; AYODABO, SUNDAY JOSEPH
From immemorial, marriage has been regarded as the union of a man and a woman to live together for love, procreation and social acceptance (The Bible - Genesis 2:14, Ephesians 5:33, The Quran - 2:187, 30:21). In the African world, especially among Nigerians, this is not different. Contemporary Nigerian marriage ceremonies, the subject of this paper, reflect a link between tradition and modernity. The process demands the new couple have enough finance to marry and to see them through life the many months after the marriage ceremonies. Steps involved in the marriage process are many and daunting. Each involves huge sums of finance: Initial Introduction of the two families; Engagement (Traditional Marriage); Registry (Court Marriage); Church (Christian/White) Marriage; Mosque (Islamic/Nikkah) Marriage; and Reception (for refreshment) amongst others. This paper contends that the financial implications involved are so enormous that young men are dilly-dallying over getting married. This situation is worsened by economic situations in the country. Many eligible and willing men are unemployed despite their academic qualifications. Therefore, many young unmarried females are wasting away. It is averred that most effects are felt immediately after the marriage ceremony in the lives of the couples. Using the descriptive analysis, this paper examines the issue in view of the socio-economic and marital problems posed by this situation (at the pre and post marriage positions). This paper submits that changes must start to make the Nigerian marriage process and marital life more welcoming, affordable, and attractive to the to-bewedded and the newly-wedded.
Contexts and Proximisation Features in President Muhammadu Buhari’s Speech on Regional Security in West Africa
(Department of English, University of Ibadan, 2017-12) Olajimbiti, Ezekiel O.
This paper complements the pragmatic attempts in its adoption of Auer’s contextual model and Cap’s proximisation theory in carrying out a context-driven and discourse space pragmatic analysis to track the speaker-imposed construal distance and proximity in political discourse on security. President Buhari’s speech at the 2nd regional security summit delivered on the 14th May, 2016 has been purposively selected for this exploration. The study identified three contexts namely securitisation, rehabilitation and solidarity within which President Buhari seeks legitimization by using spatial, temporal and axiological proximisation features in the representation of the actors involved. The study identified pragmatic usage of verb phrases as category accommodating markers and the symbolic movement between the discourse space centre inside-the-deictic centre noun phrases and discourse space periphery outside-the-deictic centre noun phrases is used by the speaker to achieve his vantage intentions. The study also found out that the President deployed lexico-grammatical expressions to label Boko Haram against the ideologies of extremist, terrorist, and killer. The study concludes that President Buhari’s orientation to shared situational knowledge and mutual contextual belief within the social context of securitisation, solidarity and rehabilitation imply that African politicians’ use of language on war on terror promotes solidarity, galvanise support of the general public by legitimising actions against insurgency or terrorism with a view to curbing the menace.
Continuity and Discontinuity: Masculinity and Power Blocs in African Cinema
(Routledge : QUARTERLY REVIEW OF FILM AND VIDEO, 2021-01) Ayodabo, Sunday Joseph; Amaefula, Rowland Chukwuemeka
COVID-19, Governments’ Response and the Feminisation of Poverty: Ekiti State, Nigeria in Perspective
(Journal of Education Research and Rural Community Development, 2020) Adefisoye, Taiwo O.; Adefisoye, Ibironke D.
This article examined the effects of the Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), and governments’ response action on female poverty in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Discourse on female poverty abounds, but there is the need to revisit the topic, particularly in the light of a global pandemic. In achieving its objective, the qualitative research approach was adopted. The method combined the use of primary data elicited through the conduct of Key informants Interview (KII), and the review of secondary materials to generate data. Ekiti State, as the focus of this study, was purposively selected, while Ekiti Central Senatorial District was conveniently selected from the three Senatorial Districts being the seat of commerce of the State. Three towns from three Local Government Areas under Ekiti Central: Adebayo, (Ado Ekiti); Aramoko (Ekiti West); and Ipoti (Ijero) were randomly selected. A total of seven women, including traders/artisans who are breadwinners of their respective families, were interviewed. Responses were analysed thematically and with the use of the descriptive method. It was found-out that governments’ lockdown measure had a negative effect on commercial activities, as those activities were restricted; an action which had a multiplier effect on female/household poverty. Despite the punitive measures attached to the disobedience of the lockdown order, many women still engaged in ‘illicit’ commercial activities, as a desperate move to feed their respective families. Besides, the palliative provided by the government to cushion the effect of the lockdown was limited to grossly inadequate food items. The paper recommends that government should put in place, as a matter of urgency, a social security scheme such as an emergency fund that would adequately cater for women in the informal sector, and the poorest of them.
Culture and Igbo notions of masculinity in Nigerian children’s literature
(TYDSKRIF VIR LETTERKUNDE, 2021-09) Ayodabo, Sunday Joseph
Children’s literature conveys the cultural and indigenous artistic experiences of the people to whom it is attributed. Earlier studies on modern Nigerian children’s literature focus mainly on the representation of moral etiquette with little attention to gender. The twin theme of culture and masculinity has not been paid close attention by scholars of children’s literature in Nigeria. In applying Igbo notions of masculinity, in this article I examine the role of oral tradition and culture in the construction of masculine identity in children’s literature in Nigeria using Ifeanyi Ifoegbuna’s Folake and Her Four Brothers, Anthonia Ekpa’s Edidem Eyamba and the Edikang-Ikong Soup, and Ikechukwu Ebonogwu’s The Champion of Echidime. I show how the ideals of masculinity, as visible and permissible in the traditional Igbo society, are, in particular, constructed and communicated through various oral and cultural norms such as praise poetry, war songs and dance, wrestling, and drumming. I reveal that oral and cultural traditions in children’s literature reflect attributes such as strength, toughness, honour, protection, respect, heterosexual desirability, and the projection of self-pride as acceptable and embraced masculine values among the Igbo in Nigeria. I also demonstrate how oral and cultural tradition is replete with masculine ideologies and messages that promote male dominance in the Igbo society.
DELAY OF CATASTROPHIC BOUNDARY LAYER SEPARATION OVER NACA 23012 AIRFOIL; A NUMERICAL STUDY
(1st International Conference on Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Osun State University., 2019) Julius, M.O.; Alonge, O. I.
Flow separation is caused by the action of the combined effect of the adverse pressure gradient and viscous force on the surface of the aeroplane wing and these lead to enormous loss of energy. Consequently, the aerodynamic performance is adversely affected (i.e. there is lift reduction and drag enhancement) and may lead to a catastrophe which put the safety of the aeroplane and the lives on it in danger. The introduction of suction slots, flaps, sophisticated high lifting devices to control the flow through separation delay can mitigate the aerodynamic losses. Therefore, this paper focuses on using a perpendicular suction to control the boundary layer separation of flow over the NACA 23012 aerofoil in order to stem the stalling effect that may lead to fatality. This was achieved by careful design and optimisation of the suction positions, suction jet amplitudes and other geometric parameters. The Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations were employed together with the Menter’s shear stress turbulent model. The jet with of 2.5% of the chord length was placed at different position varied from 10% to 70% of the chord length; the jet velocity was varied from 0.1 to 0.3 of the free stream velocity. The result of this study demonstrated that when the jet position is moved towards the trailing edge the lift to drag ratio decreases. Also, as the jet amplitude was increased, the lift to drag ratio increased commensurately. The jet position of 0.2c and jet amplitude of 0.3 is the most effective to improve the lift to drag ratio when compared to the NACA 23012 without suction. So the point of separation is delayed and the lift is increased significantly.
Diaspora Remittances: Implications for Nigeria Economy
(Edo Journal of Arts, Management and Social Sciences, 2021-12-01) Braimah, F. I.; Oyewole, O.M.
This paper examined the impact of diasporan remittances on the economic development of their home country with Nigeria in focus. Some perspectives consider remittances as a quantitative metric for measuring the impact of the Nigerian in diaspora on Nigeria’s economic development. The colossal loss of human capital due to brain drain has posed a challenge to the economic development of Nigeria. However, considering that travelling overseas by their wards for greener opportunities is a long-term goal of several families who invest in their education, it becomes necessary to analyze their impact on the Nigerian economy. The study was situated within the classical and neo-classical perspectives of migration theory while data were collected from secondary sources. The study found out that the Nigerians in the diaspora make significant quantitative (remittance and investment), and qualitative contributions (education, health, and non-governmental services) to Nigeria’s economic development. The paper, therefore, recommends that the Nigerian government through the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development should initiate policies that will provide a more enabling environment for Nigerians in the Diaspora to contribute to the development of the country. Encourage more remittances by a deliberate reduction of the cost of overseas remittances by the Central Bank of Nigeria.
Discourse Pattern, Contexts and Pragmatic Strategies of Selected Fraud Spam
(Department of English Language Studies, Elizade University, NIgeria, 2018) Olajimbiti, Ezekiel O.
The thrust of this paper is the pragmatic investigation of fraud spam, the unwanted emails containing the strategic use of language with the intention to swindle money from the recipients. Sixty (60) English medium email samples were collected from the author of the present paper’s email spam between July 2017 and February 2018 in Nigeria. These were analysed using Halliday and Hasan’s Generic Structure Potential and an aspect of Fetzer’s cognitive context model. The study identified six discourse patterns: salutation, discourse initiation, enticing information, mild conscription into business, request and subscription; orienting to contexts of business and religion; manifesting pragmatic strategies of adversatives, evocation of business idea, evocation of religious affinity and evocation of messianic figure. The study, therefore, concludes that cyber-fraudsters deploy similarly familiar patterns and contexts evincing strategic persuasive language to defraud their prospective victims. Significantly, the study complements existing literature on fraud discourse in linguistic scholarship.
DRIVEN TO THE MAINSTREAM: WOMEN AND GIRLS IN INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM
(European Journal of Social Sciences Studies, 2019) Adefisoye, Taiwo O.; Adedokun, Niyi O.
International Terrorism in recent times has assumed a striking and dangerous dimension. Terror groups have taken advantage of the sophistication and advancement in technology especially Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and loopholes in national and international cyber space to recruit and activate new and unsuspecting members of the public to perpetuate their dastardly acts. More alarming is the increasing spate of women and girls’ involvement in the act of terror. Although not a Twenty-First‖Century‖phenomenon,‖women‖and‖girl’s‖involvement‖with‖terror-related activities has increased over time especially in the areas of marriage and execution of terror attacks. In response to the ugly trend, the world has gradually moved from preventive to more proactive approaches by formulating frameworks that prioritize‖women‖and‖girls’‖involvement‖in‖peace‖building, conflict resolution and counterterrorism activities. This is underscored by the adoption of the U.N Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 in year 2000; and other subsequent resolutions on women, peace and security. Despite these moves, the roles of women and girls in terror prevention and counterterrorism issues have remained less explored. Interestingly, the menace has attracted a higher level of media coverage and has equally posed a greater challenge at both the domestic and international fronts. In a view to explore its causes and consequences, the article examines the phenomenon of women and girls’ involvement in terrorism. The article found-out that discriminating socio-cultural practices; neglect of women in the battle against terror and in the overall conflict resolution process; religious dogma and the zombification of women among other factors, have driven women and girls to the mainstream of international terrorism.
The dynamics of the Language of newspaper headlines in Nigeria
(International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 2013-09-01) Ayodabo, Sunday J.
This paper has looked at the dynamics of the structures of headlines. Related literature was reviewed on functions and influence of the print media, mass media and language development, and studies in headlines, to give the work the necessary theoretical foundation. The study employed survey approach to look at reportage of headlines of some newspapers in Nigeria. Three questions guided this study: What are the types of headlines cast for the stories? What is the syntactic structure of the headlines? What is the level of social responsibility displayed by the editors, in casting the headlines? A total of 24 headlines were purposively collected as data, and analyzed. The analysis has revealed that ‘plain’, ‘headlines with pointers’, and ‘speech as headlines’ characterized our data. Also, most of the headlines are cast in simple sentence structures. This result is significant for mass media teachers as they apply principles and theories of language, in their business of teaching mass media courses, daily.

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