Research Articles in Civil Engineering

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Evaluation of Cow Bone Ash (CBA) as Additives in Stabilization of Lateritic and Termitaria Soil
(American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 2021) Ariyo, Adanikin; Ajayi, Joseph; Busari, Ayobami; Fakorede, Ebenezer; Fase, Temidayo
Continual pavement distresses on Nigerian highways, as well as environmental contamination from abattoir solid wastes such cow-bones have been a major concern. This study examined the usage of additives in stabilizing weak soils and enhancing their geotechnical properties utilizing Cow Bone Ash (CBA) on lateritic and termitaria soils. The following engineering confirmatory tests were carried out on the samples: compaction test, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) test. CBA at 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% were added to the soil samples. The study revealed that for lateritic and termitaria soils, the maximum amount of CBA that would allow for an increase in soaked CBR value was at 6% and 8%, respectively, while for the unsoaked CBR, the peak values was obtained at 8%. Also, the addition of CBA increased the UCS of both soil samples. The addition of CBA resulted in decreasing optimum moisture content (OMC) for termitaria soils as its pore spaces are filled up by the CBA while for the lateritic soils, increase in CBA resulted in increased OMC values. Also, the addition of CBA to both soil samples resulted in an increase in maximum dry density (MDD) values. The study revealed that termitaria soils have higher strength than the lateritic soils due to higher cohesiveness within its pore structure, lower OMC, higher MDD, UCS, and CBR values. The study concludes that the use of CBA to a maximum of 8% as an additive in stabilization of lateritic and termitaria soils is effective and therefore recommends its use in light and medium trafficked roads.
Quality Assurance of Available Portland Cements in Nigeria
(International Journal of World Policy and Development Studies, 2019) Ikumapayi, Catherine Mayowa; Oluwabusuyi, Fakorede Ebenezer
increment in manufacturers to be had in our day. These in turn amongst others have brought about failure of buildings and other construction members. As a result, the need to ensure the quality of available cement in circulation is of utmost paramount. This research work studies the available Portland lime cement of grade 42.5 only, in Nigeria from such company as company A, company B, and company C. The qualities and properties of the Portland lime cement from every of the above-named companies were investigated and as compared. Properties like Fineness, Setting Time, Chemical composition, Specific gravity, Consistency, Loss of ignition, Strength (compressive strength, and flexural strength), Micro structural analysis were determined according to relevant BS EN 197-1 (2011) and (ASTMC) 150-92 standards. These tests were carried out with the usage of scanning electron microscope, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, Vicat apparatus, compressive strength machine, consistency apparatus and Chatelier flask, among others. The results showed that the chemical composition mostly of CaO, SiO2, AL2O3 and MgO in the cement +are within the acceptable limit of 60.0-67.0, 17.0-25.0, 3.0-8.0 and 0.1-4.0 respectively in the BS 4550: Part 3 (1979). The results of the compressive strength acquired for all the cement have been a way beneath the standardized result expected for grade 42.5. These could partly be traced to the cement micro-structure as Company C with the best morphology exhibits better compressive strength than others. Improvement on the cement morphology by the manufacturers could lead to compressive strength improvement. It was also discovered that one of the important factors that would have contributed to the low compressive strength was excessive amount of silt/clay content material inside the sand used.
COVID-19 and E-Learning: Nigeria Tertiary Education System Experience
(International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 2020-05) Adeoye, I. A.; Adeoye, I. A.; Adanikin, A. F.; Adanikin, A. F.; Adanikin, Ariyo; Adanikin, Ariyo
Globally, the world is faced with the COVID-19 pandemic which has held the economy at ransom not exempting the educational sector. This pandemic has brought about recent changes and disruptions in the educational sector which serves as a catalyst for the development of any nation. Educational sector globally is seen to be shifting towards e-learning in order to cushion the effect of this pandemic. However, developing countries evidence from the Nigeria experience are posed with the challenge of shifting from the traditional teaching method to the e-learning during the pandemic. The challenges arise as a result of the varying degree of preparedness of the institutions, lack of infrastructures, paucity of funds and policies issues in the Nigeria education sector. It is in tandem with this prevailing issues that this study examines the Nigeria educational system based on the global pandemic. This paper further discusses the necessity of e-learning; identifies and discuss challenges as well as opportunities. Recommendations to enhance e-learning during and post COVID-19 were also given
TREATABILITY STUDIES ON RAW WATER FROM APONMU RESERVIOR IN ILARA – MOKIN, , NIGERIA
(Proceedings of the OAU Faculty of Technology Conference 2019, 2019) Oke;, I.A.; Daramola, D.A.; Adeniji, A.A.; Fakorede, E.O.; Adanikin, Ariyo; Olabode, K.O.; Aladeyelu, A.; Arowolo, O.K.; Agada, O.V.; Agboola, A.; Gabriel, O.
Adequate water supply is an important ingredient in human’s development. In this study, samples of war water were collected from Aponmu reservoir at Elizade University, Ilara – Mokin , Ondo State, Nigeria at intervals of one week for six months. These water samples were subjected to laboratory studies (Column, pH adjustment, Jar and residual chlorine tests). Laboratory analysis of flocs formation during coagulation, iron and microbes removal of chlorination process, pH adjustment and residual chlorine after treatment of the samples were conducted using standard methods in a bench scale and executed at prototype phase. Iso-concentration curves were developed from column tests to ascertain settle-ability of the flocs during treatment. The study revealed that optimum doses of coagulant and chlorination were 80 mg/l, and 10 mg/l, respectively for effective removal of iron and residual chlorine concentration of 3 mg/l. Flocs removal was 65 % of the influent flocs in the coagulated raw water at a depth of 1.2 m and at a retention time of 60 minutes. Analysis of iso-concentration curves revealed that overall flocs removal was 89 % at 60 minutes. This indicated that for a retention period of an hour 350 mg/l of flocs would be removed from the coagulated raw water. Removal of iron from the coagulated water was between 90 and 95 % of initial iron concentration of 1.42 mg/l and removal of microbes was 99.1 % at retention time of 40 minutes. It was concluded that Aponmu reservoir can be used as water source with little modification of the current facilities, but further studies are required to ascertain effects of other factors (quality of raw water, rainfall intensity, time of concentration, discharge rate) on quality of water production.
Numerical Simulation of Temperature Distribution in A Tri-Cycle Engine Piston
(International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research,, 2015-06) Alabi, Ismaila Olanrewaju; Adesina, Olaiya Kamorudeen; Olalekan, Kareem Mutiu
Pistons as one of the most complex components among all automotives and other industry field components are de-signed to withstand damage caused due to extreme heat and pressure of combustion process. Many of experimental studies regarding the internal combustion engines process have been carried out, but few had only focused on the numerical studies like stress distribution, thermal and heat transfer analysis. This present study focuses on a 3-D transient state temperature dis-tribution analysis on a gasoline piston model of a tri-cycle. Mathematical model was formulated, solved and simulated using a Finite Element Method (FEM) in-built in the COMSOL Multiphysics software 4.3a to determine the temperature distribution and gradient of the piston model ranging from 523K – 673K. The parameters used for the simulation were liquid (Gasoline), Gases (Air) and Aluminium alloy UNSA96061 (Piston). The Completed mesh tetrahedral consists of 86225 elements and the number of degrees of freedom solved for were 18553 in 367 s (6 minutes, 7 seconds) in the mesh optimization. It was discovered from the results obtained that the temperature in the combustion chamber of the tricycle engine varies with respect to time, along the pis-ton.The transient analysis from the time dependent solver revealed that the temperature of the piston at the TDC (Top Dead Centre) in the first power stroke is higher compared to the subsequent power strokes, which is an indication that more heat was transfer at subsequent power strokes. Probable recommendations were later made.
Volumetric Properties of Cow Bone Ash (CBA) Filler-Based Asphaltic Concrete Using Aggregates from Different Sources
(Journal of Applied Research on Industrial Engineering, 2020-02-27) Adanikin, Ariyo; Funsho, Falade; Adewale, Olutaiwo
Road infrastructure in Nigeria is in a state of decay arising from various factors such as construction with low quality materials and poor maintenance. Therefore, there is the need to ensure that the materials used for construction are of the required standards and the alternative construction materials are available to reduce construction cost. In this research work, Cow Bone Ash (CBA) was used as filler in producing the asphaltic concrete samples. Marshall stability and flow test were then carried out on the asphaltic concrete samples. The materials used in this study include 60/70 penetration grade bitumen, river sand and crushed granites obtained from three selected quarries with various tests carried out to determine their suitability for use. The lower quality aggregates, based on the tests carried out on the aggregate samples, have shown to negatively affect the asphaltic concrete. The aggregate samples had average elongation index of 33.9% and abrasion index of 29.6%, while the asphaltic concrete samples had Marshall stability values (with and without) CBA of 36.99 KN and 46.84 KN, respectively. The results of the flow test on the asphaltic concrete samples gave 8.29 mm with CBA and 14.71 mm without CBA. The study also reveals that asphaltic concrete samples produced without CBA as fillers are better as they have an average stability value of 15.61 KN and average flow value of 4.90 mm than those produced with CBA which have average stability value of 12.36 KN and an average flow value of 4.90 mm. Statistical analysis shows that the source of aggregate, significantly affects properties of asphaltic concret
REMOTELY CONTROLLED CAR SPEED GOVERNOR
(1st International Conference on Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Osun State University (NOVEMBER 5-7, 2019), 2019-11) Alonge, O.I.; Abiola, O.A.,; Onigbogi, A.O.,; Akinbode, F.O.; Okediji, A. P.; Alabi, I. O.
This study modifies a Car Speed Limiting Device (CSLD) based on a pre-existing design with a view to avoiding car over speeding and reduce possible accident on highway. The speed limiter was modified by incorporating a carrier chip into the device using an Arduino Nano to coordinate the activities of the carrier chip and the speed limiter. The function of the carrier chip is to send and receive notification message from owner’s phone number. The components were connected in between the two wires of the car fuel line using existing design. Two different cars were used and tested on a highway. The result obtained for the two vehicles showed different responses. When the speed of the car exceeds the designed speed limit of the device, it was transmitted by the speed limiting device, the speed governor came into action and restricted the car from going beyond the pre-set speed by actuating the relay to reduce the current flowing through the fuel line and reduced the rate of flow of fuel into the combustion chamber which reduces the power output of the engine. The speed limiter became active. Warning signal in the form of alarm was activated, and the receiver sends a message to the owner through the carrier chip. The study concluded that the modified speed governor design is better, safer and remotely controlled compared to the existing design.
SIMULATION AND MODELING OF A CARBURIZING PROCESS USING VARIABLES FOR EFFECTIVE PERFORMANCE IN SERVICE IN AISI 1032 STEEL
(The American Ceramic Society, 2015) Adegbola, Adekunle; Akeem, Ghazali; Alabi, Ismaila; Kareem, Mutiu
The mechanical properties of AISI 1032 steel samples carburized in Wood Charcoal and Snail Shell were investigated. The samples were modeled and simulated using Fick’s law and C++, in order to evaluate the performances of solid carburizing media on the mechanical properties of steels at different conditions. The results revealed that the case depth, tensile strength and hardness values of samples carburized with Wood Charcoal (WChl) are higher compared to those carburized with Snail Shell (SS) at 800 0C and 950 0C respectively. These were evidently substantiated with their micrographs as observed under DV-500 Version 10.2 Metallurgical Microscope with X500 magnification. The case-depth is directly proportional to the carburized temperature and time. It was concluded that Fick’s law is good at predicting the diffusion of carbon in steels.
Investigation of the effect of alkali silica reaction (ASR) on properties of concrete pavement admixed with cow bone ash (CBA) by electrical resistivity test
(1st International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructural Development, 2019) Adanikin, Ariyo; Falade, F.; Olutaiwo, A. O.; Faleye, E. T.; Ajayi, A. J.
The use of concrete in road pavements construction in view of its durability and cost effectiveness over time have gained momentum. Cement concrete pavements however suffer deterioration due to Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR). This study therefore investigates the use of Cow Bone Ash (CBA) in mitigating the effect of ASR using electrical resistivity test (schlumberger array probe method). The results are then compared with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards and relevant literatures. The result of the study showed that the average resistivity at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% CBA replacement are 298.87 Ωm, 306.23 Ωm, 215.02 Ωm, 489.31 Ωm, 382.34 Ωm and 272.53 Ωm respectively. This indicates that the peak resistivity is obtained at 15% CBA replacement which is the optimal replacement level for ASR inhibition in the concrete. The result also shows that the concrete samples are corrosion free with the least resistivity value on the 7th day at 30% CBA addition (163.03 Ωm) and the maximum value at 20% CBA addition on the 56th Day (1069.54 Ωm). The study concluded that ASR and reinforcement corrosion can be effectively controlled between 15% and 20% cement replacement by CBA in concrete/rigid pavements
PUBLIC TRANSPORT POLICY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: NIGERIA AS A CASE STUDY
(1st International Conference of the School of Management Technology (SMAT), 2017-03) Adanikin, Ariyo; Oyedepo, O. Joseph
This paper reviewed understudies public transport approach utilizing factors such urbanization, populace development, vehicle proprietorship, and utilization. With changes in the social, political and economic climate of Nigeria, this study looks at how these changes have affected transportation request and supply, transport arrangement and directions, and parts of economic aspects and fund identified with public transport. Conservation and enhancing of existing modes, effective utilization of people in general transport administration framework, executing appropriate transportation measures, and empowering a move towards reasonable modes were suggested. Review of government policies towards public transportation was undertaken and it shows that if developing nations like Nigeria are to achieve their economic transformation blueprint such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), they require a functional, reliable and effective transport system to, among other things, connect people, places, services, opportunities and all these can only be derived by properly formulated and implemented policies with the aid of all relevant private, academic and government bodies working together.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A WEAR TESTING MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING LABORATORIES
(1st FUOYE INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2018) Ogedengbe, Temitayo S.; YUSSOUFF, Abiodun A.; Adanikin, Ariyo
Wear of parts during manufacturing processes is inevitable but controllable. Therefore, the critical study of wear in engineering components is vital because failure of components due to wear has resulted in loss of a great deal of fortune. This study was therefore an attempt to design and fabricate a wear testing machine, evaluate the performance of the machine and compare data obtained with existing ones. Materials for the various parts were carefully selected based on desirable properties and availability. Design calculations were made for the main shaft, compression spring, belt, pulley and electric motor. The post fabrication test was carried out on the machine to evaluate the performance of the machine and results gotten reported
Numerical Simulation and Modeling of UNSA91060 for Heat Transfer in Four-Stroke ICE Cylinder Head
(International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS), 2018-03) Adesina, Olaiya Kamorudeen; Olanrewaju, Alabi Ismaila; Abolanle, Falana Kafayat
Heat transfer is one of a number of indispensable tools in studying of ICEs, due to its influence on decisive parameters of operation like temperature and pressure inside the cylinder. It is safe to say that modeling of the engine heat transfer is among the most complex problems for engineers. Application of numerical methods to predict the heat transfer in a cylinder of reciprocating ICEs is a process of high importance, which was recognized from the earliest stages of their development. This is done to examine performance optimization and design improvement in order to meet nowadays demands exhibited on the engines. This present study focuses on a 3-D transient state temperature distribution analysis on a gasoline engine model via formulated of models, simulating using FEM in-built in the COMSOL Multiphysics software 4.3a to determine the temperature distribution and gradient of the engine cylinder head model. The number of degrees of freedom solved for were 32685 in 383 s (12 minutes, 20 seconds) in the mesh optimization. From the result obtained it was discovered that the heat transfer in the combustion chamber of the ICE varies with time. Thus, it took the engine 10 minutes to complete a cycle vis-a-vis transfer of heat after combustion and that the heat transfer starts after 30 seconds of combustion. In addition, the temperature of the cylinder dropped from 1273.2 K to 301 K over a period of 10 minute.
Evaluating the Quality Assurance and Control of Hot-Mix Asphalt from Selected Plants in South West, Nigeria
(2020-06-25) Olutaiwo, A. O.; Adanikin, Ariyo
Roads are essential necessity of every nation and it is possible that even with proper designs, the roads might not be constructed to the design standard due to poor quality assurance and control resulting in poor pavement quality. This study presents experimental results carried out on various hot - mix asphalt (HMA) samples obtained across different Asphalt plants in South West Nigeria. This was done to determine the extent to which the HMA used in the construction and rehabilitation of Nigerian roads affect their service life. Six samples of the asphalt binder (bitumen) were obtained from each plant over a period of six months and tested. The tested properties were assessed based on the level of conformance with the specifications and requirements from the FMWH General Specification (Roads and Bridges). The results revealed that HMA from plant B had a specific gravity of 1.01, penetration of 65.00 mm, softening point of 53 oC, flash point of 237.00 oC, peak Marshall Stability of 18.25 kN, flow of 3.87 mm and voids in total mixture peak value of 5.08 %. HMA from plant E had a specific gravity of 1.03, penetration of 65.00 mm, softening point of 51 oC, flash point of 239.00 oC, peak marshall stability of 18.26 kN, flow of 3.67 mm and voids in total mixture peak value of 4.99 % and these were adjudged the best in conformance with the FMWH specifications. Adequate monitoring of HMA quality for either binder or wearing courses by carrying out quality control and assurance tests is thereby recommended as it affects pavement durability and performance
LABORATORY STUDY OF THE USE OF ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS AS FILLERSIN ASPHALTIC CONCRETES
(International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET),, 2019-06) Adanikin, Ariyo; Oyedepo, O. J.; Ajayi, J. A; Agbetanmije, K
This paper presents a comprehensive study on the use of recycled industrial and agricultural wastes converted to powder and used as fillers in asphaltic concrete production.Fillers are essential components of an asphaltic concrete as they not only fill voids in the coarse and fine aggregates but also affect the ageing characteristics of the mix.The study in evaluating the effect of different types of filler on the behavior of asphaltic concrete used broken bricks powder, broken tiles powder, cow bone ash and broken glass powder as fillers. Marshall stability and flow test were carried out on the asphaltic concrete samples. The materials used in this study include 60/70 penetration grade bitumen, river sand and crushed granites. The average marshall stability and flow values of the broken bricks powder, broken tiles powder, cow bone ash and broken glass powder is obtained as 12.21 KN, 12.51 KN, 10.75 KN and 16.05 KN for the stability and 3.10 mm, 3.06 mm, 2.69 mm and 3.28 mm for the flow respectively. This shows that broken glass powder has the highest marshall stability and flow value. The study concluded that the fillers have varying effects on the asphaltic concrete properties (rutting behavior, ageing characteristics, stripping behavior, stiffness, moisture resistance and durability) on judging from their varying marshal stability and flow values.
Microstructural Analysis of Concrete Using Cow Bone Ash for Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Suppression
(Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering, 2020) Adanikin, Ariyo; Falade, Funsho; Olutaiwo, Adewale
Concrete pavements are prone to microstructural changes and deterioration when exposed to Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR). ASR results in strength reduction, cracking, spalling and other defects in the concrete if left unchecked. Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) such as Cow Bone Ash (CBA) however can be used to improve concrete performance, hence its use in this study. Concrete samples were prepared at replacement levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of cement with Cow Bone Ash. The concrete samples were then subjected to petrographic and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. Petrographic examination shows that the minimal and least amount of ASR gels and micro cracking were observed at 15% CBA replacement of cement in the concrete samples. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that changes in the elemental composition of the concrete samples is related to the effect of CBA which enhances adhesion in the concrete. SEM analysis show that, in general, the change in microstructure in the concrete was mainly due to the change in the arrangement of the C-H-S compounds. The microstructure analysis indicates that CBA in concrete influences the densification of the concrete at the transition zone, resulting in a much lower porosity. This results in the concrete having a tightly bound layer that repels ingress of water and thereby inhibiting cracks and gel formation as water is a contributing factor to the ASR in concrete.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF USERS PERCEPTION FOR ROAD CONCESSIONING AND TOLLING USING MULTINOMIAL REGRESSION AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
(International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2020-02) Ariyo, Adanikin; Alphonsus, Falade Funsho; Oyedepo, Olugbenga Joseph; Adewale Olutaiwo, Adewale
Roads, a predominant means of transportation in developing countries like Nigeria have suffered neglect and are in deplorable conditions due to inadequate funding by the government. However, road concessioning have not been widely accepted in Nigeria due to limited understanding by road users. The 49.5 km Lekki-Epe Road (LER) and 1.36 km Lekki-Ikoyi cable-stayed Link Bridge (LILB) concession road were selected for detailed study. Closed and open ended questionnaires were administered to road users and analyzed. The study findings show that majority of the road users are civil servants, non-resident in the study area and are high-end users of the roads. Also, home based trip purpose, use of personal vehicles, preference for paying the toll fees in cash regardless of the discounts offered on E-Tags was observed among the respondents. Consequently, majority of the road users complained of non-availability of alternative routes, being overtaxed especially when having to use the roads multiple times in a day. The use of fuel tax in financing highway construction and maintenance, and that neither new nor existing highways should be tolled also constitute feedbacks from road users. The study recommends that other options of road infrastructure financing such as the Build, Operate and Transfer should also be considered, and the tolling concessioning period needs to be properly defined. Also, multimodal systems of transportation should also be enhanced in developing countries to alleviate the stress imposed on road pavements that thereby hastens their deterioration.
Strength analysis of concrete pavement deformation due to Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR)
(Algerian Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2020-10-14) Adanikin, Ariyo; Funsho, Falade; Olutaiwo, Adewale
Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) is a chemical reaction that negatively affects concrete pavements strengths and integrity. ASR impedes concrete pavements' performance due to the formation of cracks and ultimate deformation if not properly controlled. Concrete pavements are gaining more relevance due to their ability to be constructed on soils with low bearing capacity and support high traffic loadings, thus increasing the need for studies on how ASR in the concrete pavements can be mitigated. This study employed compressive and flexural strength tests to determine the strength properties and deformation of concrete pavements due to ASR when partially replaced with CBA at varying percentages. Static structural modelling of the concrete as a multiphase material in which aggregates, cracks and gel formations are considered as embedded inclusions in the cement paste is then carried out. The results are then compared with relevant standards and findings of other researchers. The study's findings reveal that all the concrete cube samples passed the recommended compressive strength for rigid pavement, which range from 35 - 40 N/mm2 at 28th day. The concrete cube samples also passed the target strength of 48.25 N/mm2 obtained from the mix design. The effect of ASR resulted in lower compressive and flexural strengths observed at 180th and 240th days with lower CBA addition, while samples containing higher CBA contents had increasing compressive strength. The static structural modelling results reveal that the maximum deformation was obtained for the concrete cubes admixed with 0% CBA with 47.045 mm while the least deformation was obtained at 30% CBA replacement with deformation value of 5.542 mm on application of a 900 KN force. Therefore, the study posits that CBA addition will help reduce Portland Cement Concrete Pavement deformation due to ASR in relation to traffic loadings.
MULTINOMIAL LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF VEHICULAR ACCIDENT IN NIGERIA
(FUW Trends in Science & Technology Journal, 2019-04-26) Oyedepo, Joseph; Adanikin, Ariyo; Ajagunna, Adeyinka
Vehicular accidents are major problem in developing countries and Nigeria is no exemption to this worldwide dilemma. In Nigeria, transportation has been largely by road and this means of transportation is largely inefficient and defectives resulting in vehicular accidents. The study was carried out in Akure, Ondo state Nigeria. The data used in the study were collected by collating accident records obtain from the Ondo State specialist hospital for a five-year period from the year 2013 to 2017; the records were analyzed using the multinomial logistic regression model. The findings show that 67% of the accident victims were male having death rate of 12.8%, while 46% of the accident victims are in the ages between 14 to 40 years. The findings also revealed that majority of the accidents occurred between the between the 1st and 3rd quarter of each year while the 2nd quarter generally saw a decline in road traffic accidents. The likelihood ratio test reveals that there is a significant relationship between the nature of accident, gender, and age as they have p value less than 0.05. The study recommends establishment of government policies aimed at improving health care delivery to vehicular accident victims, road network should be provided with roadway infrastructures, improvements in pavement construction and maintenance, enforcement of legislation as related to vehicle speed, pedestrian usage of roads as it is believed when all these are adhered to, vehicular accidents will reduce.
Crack Mechanism of Different Concrete Grades under Compressive Loading: Application in Rigid Pavement
(FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2017-03-31) Oyedepo, Joseph O.; Dada, Temitope; Aladegboye, Segun; Adeniji, Akintayo A.
The growth of cracks in concretes under different loadings in various structures and their consequent diminishing effect on the lifespan of structures is an age long structural problem. This research investigates the influence of compressive loading on the crack mechanism of different concrete grades 1: 1 : 3 (M20), 1: 2: 4 (M15) and 1: 3: 6 (M10) using three brands of cements available in Nigeria namely Dangote (Type A), Elephant (Type B) and Bua (Type C). Particle Size Distribution (PSD), Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV), Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) was carried out on aggregates in accordance with relevant codes while; compressive test were performed on the hardened concrete while, the crack width was measured using microscopic technique. A coefficient of uniformity (Cu) of 4.00, AIV of 46 % and an ACV of 47.7 % were obtained for the aggregate which are suitable for rigid pavements construction. Maximum compressive strength value of 24.96 N/mm2 , 24.67 N/mm2 and 24.89 N/mm2 respectively was obtained for concrete M20 for Type A, Type B and Type C cement at the 28 day. A corresponding crack width of 0.97 mm, 0.89 mm and 0.93 mm was obtained while; a yield period of 57.66 sec, 58.33 sec and 53.33 was obtained respectively. Comparing with the International Organization for Standardization, concrete grade M20 any of the cement types is suitable for the construction of rigid pavements with heavy traffic volume while M15 is recommended for low traffic volume.
Quality assessment of Sandcrete blocks in Ibadan – A review
(Epistemics in Science Engineering and Technology, 2013) Adeniji, Akintayo A.; Ganiyu, A. A.; Ajagbe, W. O.
Sandcrete blocks have been widely used for modern building construction in Nigeria; however cases of incessant building collapse are rampant. The usage of substandard sandcrete blocks is a contributing factor. This research was carried out to assess the engineering properties of sandcrete blocks produced in Ibadan and its environs. Two blocks each of size 450 x 225 x 225mm were purchased from selected block industries at eight sampled locations within the study area. Few units of blocks (450 x 225 x 225mm) conforming to the Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS 87: 2007) were also produced to serve as control samples. The 28th day dry compressive strength test result obtained for the sampled blocks ranges between 0.39-2.34 N/mm2. For the control block samples, the average 28th day dry compressive strength of the three tested blocks was 3.02 N/mm2. Conclusively, it was observed that the sandcrete blocks produced in major parts of Ibadan were of low quality and substandard; while the control samples were of adequate strength.

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