Research Articles in History and International Relations

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OBA KUSAMOTU OYEWOLE AND THE FORMATION OF ISLAMIC SOCIETIES IN IKIRUN
(Islam and Society in the State of OsunChapter: 19Publisher: Mega Press, 2012) Akinjobi, Tosin
The Roles of Sheikhs and Imams in the Promotion of Islam in Edeland
(2012) Akinjobi, Tosin
This chapter specifically examines the Imamate question in Ede since the inception of Islam in the town. Although it is evident that Ile Imole has produced an overwhelming number of Chief Imams for Edeland, other Muslim compounds with autochthonous claim to the Imamate have also emerged as Chief Imams as evidenced in the appointment of Chief Imams from Talafia, Akaje, Jagun Alaro and Lakonu compounds. This chapter is thus divided into two sections. The first section examines the contributions of Ile Imole to the leadership of the Muslim community in Ede while the second section examines the contributions of other autochthonous Muslim families to the growth of Islam in Ede
Women Police in the Nigerian Security Sector
(Women Police in the Nigerian Security Sector, 2015) Akinjobi-Babatunde, Tosin
This article details the history and philosophy behind major changes in police tradition and organisation in Nigeria in 1955. Women in the Nigeria Police Force (NPF), influenced by their background as enforcers of societal norms, developed a type of social-workoriented policing. Using primary and secondary sources of historical information, this article discusses the origin of women in the NPF, the specialised role of women in police work, and the changes that have been effected in the roles and functions of women in policing in Nigeria. Situated within the conceptual frameworks of patriarchy and gender, this article argues that gender biases impeded the incorporation of women into the police and, when eventually introduced, gender limitations constrained their roles, operations and activities.
AN ASSESSMENT OF NIGERIA’S INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
(Scientific Research Journal (SCIRJ), 2015-01) Adefisoye, Taiwo O.
In a bid to ensuring a virile emergency management practice, which would conform to global best practices, the Federal Government of Nigeria, through the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), in 2010, came up with the National Disaster Management Framework (NDMF). The framework was designed among other reasons, to provide jurisdictional responsibilities, promote efficiency and build institutional capacity among the various stakeholders in the area of disaster management. However, since its introduction, the framework is yet to make significant progress in ensuring the provision of effective and efficient institutional capacity especially at the State and Local government levels. Using secondary data, this paper identified some of the reasons for such inadequacy. It argues that the framework lacks full backing of the law to punish non-compliance and non- conformity with its provisions. Also, it identifies poor funding and lack of awareness as other problems affecting the framework. The study concludes that the vision of Nigeria to become one of the top twenty nations of the world in no distant time, would be a mirage if relevant stakeholders do not wake up to their responsibilities and rise to the occasion to ensure the realization of a viable, dynamic, efficient and effective disaster management system. Also, the study advocates the imperative of mainstreaming disaster management education into the curriculum of secondary schools, as well as proper funding as viable strategies of overcoming these challenges.
THE ROLE OF TRADITIONAL RULERS IN CURBING ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA
(Department of Public Administration, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria, 2016-03) Edosa, Enaruna; Braimah, Fredrick I.
The Nigerian state since independence has been bedeviled by electoral violence. The use of security forces and advocacy in the media by government and its agencies, and other measures have so far failed in stemming electoral violence in the country. This study therefore attempts to situate the role of traditional rulers in curbing electoral violence in the country. Using the structural functionalism theoretical framework and relying on personal observation as a primary source of data as well as secondary sources of data, the study found out that the major causes of electoral violence in the country are a consequence of the failure of contemporary security measures, media advocacy and also lack of mentoring of its citizens by relevant institutions and government's present methods. The study recommends that giving traditional rulers and their institutions this role of mentoring their subjects on the dangers of electoral violence, and also establishing an 'indirect homeland security system' will assist in curbing electoral violence in the counhy. It also recommends that traditional rulers should withdraw and refuse honours to people who indulge in electoral violence as well as call to order perpetrators and sponsors of electoral violence.
FROM THE RULING TO THE OPPOSTION PARTY: NIGERIA’S PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC PARTY AND THE DYNAMICS OF CHANGE
(American Journal of Innovative Research and Applied Sciences, 2016-04-16) Adefisoye, Taiwo Oladeji; Ayodele, Bonnie
Background: Towards the terminal end of military dictatorship, and the epoch of Nigeria‟s Fourth Republic in 1999, the People‟s Democratic Party emerged as Nigeria‟s foremost political platform. Resultantly, the party, for sixteen uninterrupted years bestrode Nigeria‟s political landscape like a colossus; controlling the federal government, dominating the Senate, and House of Representatives, and having the highest number of governors than the other political parties put together at a point in time However the party lost out, and assumed the position of an opposition party after the 2015 general election. Objectives: To examine the rise and fall of Nigeria‟s foremost political party in its Fourth Republic - The People‟s Democratic Party. Methods: To achieve the objectives of this work, direct observation and secondary data were used. Also, interest articulation and interest aggregation; accountability and transparency; democratic consolidation; and conflict management, were used as variables to assess the performance of the PDP. Results: It was found out that the PDP fell short of its objectives, dismally performed, and failed to translate the aspirations of Nigerians into concreteobservable realities. Rather, for sixteen years of its hold onto power, the party was an academy of intrigue, lacking internal cordiality and cohesion. Consequently, massive corruption, insecurity, godfatherism among other socio-political ills, characterized Nigeria‟s political landscape for the period in view. All these (performance-failure of the party and the inevitability of change in particular) contributed to the defeat and the repositioning of the party from the ruling to the opposition position. Conclusion: The ability of the electorates to vote out any political party or individuals for lack of performance (as the case of the PDP in Nigeria) is one of the attractions of democracy
THE ROLE OF POLITICAL EDUCATION IN PROMOTING ATTITUDINAL CHANGE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY IN NIGERIA
(American Journal of Innovative Research and Applied Sciences., 2016-04-24) Adefisoye, Taiwo Oladeji; Oluwaseun, Bamidele
Background: It is widely acknowledged that democracy in Nigeria which should be essentially value-based and value-driven is presently a paradox of what it should be. This is because the structures and processes that underpin an effective democratic system in Nigeria are not driven and powered by a particular mindset or ideology. Objectives: To examine the cause(s) of the attitudinal deficiencies in the current practice of democracy in Nigeria, and to explore the extent to which political education could revitalize the identified attitudinal deficiencies for peaceful democratic system. Methods: To achieve the objectives of this work, direct observation and secondary data were adopted. Results: It was discovered that the present ideological deficiencies in Nigeria‘s democracy can be traced and attributed to the long period of military rule in the country. Besides the long years of military rule, the decline in societal values, poor and dysfunctional educational cum socialization processes, perceived compromise on the part of the different agents of political socialization, are other factors. Consequently, many political leaders in Nigeria are obsessed with power—a seductive drive that breeds political instability, ethnic violence, religious riots, moral corruption, economic distortions, megalomania, perversion and desecration of all that is good in the country. Conclusion: If Nigeria is to maintain a strong and responsible democracy and a prosperous and sustainable economic growth into the next century, it must be prepared to address and respond to political attitudinal deficiencies especially among young Nigerians at home and in the diaspora
Citizen Participation and Flood Management: Lessons for Public Policy Implementation in Nigeria
(IISTE: Public Policy and Administration Research, 2017) ADEFISOYE, Taiwo O.
One of the key elements that determine an effective flood management system is the level of citizen participation. Over the years, it is noticeable that disaster management practice as it relates to flood management in Nigeria revolves majorly around government agencies and assumes a formal-institutional, top-down, agency-driven and centralized forms. By implication, flood management has been less dynamic and grossly inefficient. This study highlights the centrality of citizen participation in flood management using South-west Nigeria, a region that is constantly prone to threats of flood every year, as a case study. Data for the study were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. For the primary sources, a total of 180 questionnaires were administered in selected communities across four out of the six states that make up the region. Besides, key informant interviews were conducted with relevant stake-holders. Also, available literature was critically reviewed and reports were examined to generate secondary data. This work identifies inherent flaws in the top-down, agency-driven approaches to flood management and explains how an all-inclusive, citizen-centered approach could yield better results. It was discovered that affected communities, prior to the flood incidents of 2011 and 2012 did not have concrete and functional mitigation plans aside the conventional monthly environmental sanitation exercise which is not even mandatory. Besides the absence of well-planned mitigation framework, it was discovered that the level of interaction between government agencies and citizens as it relates to flood management is low in the study areas. The paper argues that the level of citizen involvement would determine to a large extent the successful implementation of flood management policies. The paper recommends among other things tha
Prophesying or Prophelying? Prophets, Prophetic Punditry and the 2015 General Elections in Nigeria
(Case Studies Journal, 2017-03) Adefisoye, Taiwo O.
Although the 2015 general elections in Nigeria have come and gone, the marks they left behind are indelible and the lessons, unforgettable. The introduction and use of electronic voting option and Smart Card Readers; the odious and provocative nature of political campaigns and jingles; the triumph of the main opposition party and the defeat of the incumbent party after sixteen years of uninterrupted rule, were prominent events that heralded the exercise and thus made the 2015 elections a watershed in the history of electioneering in Nigeria’s democratic experience.The elections which were perhaps the most expensive in the history of Africa also marked the first time an incumbent president has ever lost re-election in Nigeria. Of concern to this work are the roles which prophets, ‘prophetic punditry’ and ‘prophetictheaters’ played before and during the elections. Relying on empirical evidence from direct observations and secondary sources, this work established that Nigeria’s political landscape was wantonly besieged by a barrage of prophecies, prophetic postulations, predictions and calculations which exacerbated tension within the polity and spread confusion among the populace. While certain prophecies strongly avowed bloody and gloomy electioneering exercise, others predicted free, fair and violence-free elections. While certain prophets contradicted their earlier prophesies, other prophets went totally wrong. Thus, this puts a question mark on the sacredness and divine nature of prophecies and prophets particularly those whose predictions were punctured by the outcome of the elections. The paper concludes that politics and religious faith continue to remain interlocked in an (unholy) matrimony in Nigeria’s politics.
Effect of Waste Management Control on Tourism Development: Ado-Ekiti as a Case Study
(Case Studies Journal, 2017-03) Adefisoye, Taiwo O.; Ogunlade, Ibiyinka
Increasing waste generation is synonymous with growing urbanization and human development which can be controlled by efficient and effective management. Some problems associated with waste management can be very severe, particularly in developing countries where technological know-how required for recycling human wastes and processing them into useful items, are inadequate. Consequently, poor waste management has constituted major hindrances to healthy living, environmental sustainability and development of tourism potentials. Ado-Ekiti, thecapital of Ekiti State, South West Nigeria, is used as a case study. This work examined the implication(s) of poor waste management on tourism development, with particular reference to its aesthetic values. Relying on both primary and secondary data, this research found out that certain mountains in the study area (witha specific focus on Okeyinmi also known as Okuta-gbokuta-ru), have been turned to refuse sites, public toilets and even to an abode of social miscreants. Lack of political will, unstable government policies among other factors; have prevented the development and optimal utilization of the city’s tourism potentials. However, effective and efficient management of municipal domestic wastes would go a long way in thedevelopment of the tourism potentials of the city; improve its internally generated revenue; provide employment opportunities and income earnings for jobless youths; engender community participation in heritage management and ultimately, alleviate poverty and underdevelopment.
Africa: Understanding and Managing Violent Conflicts
(Conflict Studies Quarterly, 2018-01) ADEFISOYE, Taiwo O.; BAMIDELE, Oluwaseun
In 2011, the World Bank reported that an estimated 1.5 billion people worldwide live in con􀏔lict-affected countries where repeated cycles of political and organized violence hinder development, reduce human security and result in massive humanitarian suffering. Out of this 􀏔igure, the African continent is host to a signi􀏔icant number. Since the 1960s, the continent has been laden with varied dimensions of con􀏔licts, orchestrated by, but not limited to, border disputes, communal/ethnic differences and political agitations caused by her colonial origin and other internal trajectories. Using document analysis conducted through systematic review, this work identi􀏔ies causes and consequences of con􀏔licts in Africa and prospects for peaceful and enduring con􀏔lict resolution mechanism. It was also identi􀏔ied that the response of African Union and other sub-regional organizations to the intense and chronic nature of con􀏔lict situations in the region has, over the years, ranged from apathy to reliance on short-term security measures, which has otherwise not able to proffer lasting solutions to the con􀏔lict situations. It was posited that rather than rely on heavy military operations and response-centric approaches to con􀏔lict management, there is a dire need for a robust effort at good governance and people-centred policy reforms where socioeconomic development is accorded high priority to mitigate the perception of alienation and marginalization among various groups in African countries. Besides, appropriate institutional responses by African states are critical and necessary to transforming the volatile environment to peaceful havens, conducive for development and progress.
Active on Paper, Passive in Practice: Local Government and the Challenges of Disaster Management in South West, Nigeria, 2010-2018
(Journal of Health and Social Issues (JOHESI), 2018-09) ADEFISOYE, Taiwo O.
The National Disaster Management Framework of Nigeria stipulates among other things that State Governments should formulate enabling laws for the establishment and functioning of Local Emergency Management Authority. Therefore, in consonance with the spirit and letter of the local government as the closest administrative unit to the people, it is widely regarded as the most immediate public service provider and the first responder to any disaster. Despite this, the posture of the local government in Nigeria’s disaster management system is not desirable, as it has been a passive player. This undesirable development raises the question of disaster management policy implementation in the country. Taking a cue from incidents of flooding particularly those of 2011 and 2012 in South West, Nigeria as case studies, the paper examined the posture of the local government within Nigeria’s disaster management policy framework. With a view to achieving the objective of the paper, a field survey was carried-out in six purposively selected local areas in four of the six states in South West, Nigeria. Interviews were also conducted with relevant key informants. The study found-out among other things, that States in the South West region are yet to comply with the provision of the National Disaster Management Framework to establish Local Emergency Management Authority at the local government level. Instead, the responsibility is still not acceptable to many state-owned emergency management outfits; a situation that poses a great danger to the achievement of the overall policy goals of disaster management in Nigeria. Knowing the importance of the local government in disaster management, the paper recommends among other things that financial and political autonomy of the local government would re-position it as an active player.
Between May 29 and June 12 1993: The Political Intrigues of Democracy Day Celebration in Nigeria
(Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies (JAIS), 2018-11) Adefisoye, Taiwo O; Oluwaleye, Janet Monisola
The article examined an issue that has attracted wide-spread debates and intrigues in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic (1999-2018) - democracy day celebration. Initially May 29, ostensibly to mark the end of military rule and the commencement of the Fourth Republic; it was changed to June 12 almost two decades later. The reason for such action was to perhaps honour M.K.O Abiola; the acclaimed winner of the enigmatic June 12 1993 presidential election. Both decisions, particularly the latter, have been given various interpretations, particularly coming in less than a year to the 2019 general elections. The article therefore analyses the political intrigues around Democracy Day celebration in Nigeria. In achieving its objectives, an online survey was conducted among fifty-four Nigerians, resident in the country and in the Diaspora. Besides, scholarly works and newspaper articles were reviewed. The article argued that the decision to declare May 29 as Nigeria’s Democracy Day and the subsequent change to June 12 was elitist, politically-strategic and not in the interest of the people which democracy represents.
DELAY OF CATASTROPHIC BOUNDARY LAYER SEPARATION OVER NACA 23012 AIRFOIL; A NUMERICAL STUDY
(1st International Conference on Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Osun State University., 2019) Julius, M.O.; Alonge, O. I.
Flow separation is caused by the action of the combined effect of the adverse pressure gradient and viscous force on the surface of the aeroplane wing and these lead to enormous loss of energy. Consequently, the aerodynamic performance is adversely affected (i.e. there is lift reduction and drag enhancement) and may lead to a catastrophe which put the safety of the aeroplane and the lives on it in danger. The introduction of suction slots, flaps, sophisticated high lifting devices to control the flow through separation delay can mitigate the aerodynamic losses. Therefore, this paper focuses on using a perpendicular suction to control the boundary layer separation of flow over the NACA 23012 aerofoil in order to stem the stalling effect that may lead to fatality. This was achieved by careful design and optimisation of the suction positions, suction jet amplitudes and other geometric parameters. The Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations were employed together with the Menter’s shear stress turbulent model. The jet with of 2.5% of the chord length was placed at different position varied from 10% to 70% of the chord length; the jet velocity was varied from 0.1 to 0.3 of the free stream velocity. The result of this study demonstrated that when the jet position is moved towards the trailing edge the lift to drag ratio decreases. Also, as the jet amplitude was increased, the lift to drag ratio increased commensurately. The jet position of 0.2c and jet amplitude of 0.3 is the most effective to improve the lift to drag ratio when compared to the NACA 23012 without suction. So the point of separation is delayed and the lift is increased significantly.
DRIVEN TO THE MAINSTREAM: WOMEN AND GIRLS IN INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM
(European Journal of Social Sciences Studies, 2019) Adefisoye, Taiwo O.; Adedokun, Niyi O.
International Terrorism in recent times has assumed a striking and dangerous dimension. Terror groups have taken advantage of the sophistication and advancement in technology especially Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and loopholes in national and international cyber space to recruit and activate new and unsuspecting members of the public to perpetuate their dastardly acts. More alarming is the increasing spate of women and girls’ involvement in the act of terror. Although not a Twenty-First‖Century‖phenomenon,‖women‖and‖girl’s‖involvement‖with‖terror-related activities has increased over time especially in the areas of marriage and execution of terror attacks. In response to the ugly trend, the world has gradually moved from preventive to more proactive approaches by formulating frameworks that prioritize‖women‖and‖girls’‖involvement‖in‖peace‖building, conflict resolution and counterterrorism activities. This is underscored by the adoption of the U.N Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 in year 2000; and other subsequent resolutions on women, peace and security. Despite these moves, the roles of women and girls in terror prevention and counterterrorism issues have remained less explored. Interestingly, the menace has attracted a higher level of media coverage and has equally posed a greater challenge at both the domestic and international fronts. In a view to explore its causes and consequences, the article examines the phenomenon of women and girls’ involvement in terrorism. The article found-out that discriminating socio-cultural practices; neglect of women in the battle against terror and in the overall conflict resolution process; religious dogma and the zombification of women among other factors, have driven women and girls to the mainstream of international terrorism.
MILITARY DEPLOYMENT IN INTERNAL SECURITY OPERATIONS AND CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN A DEMOCRACY: THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE
(European Journal of Political Science Studies, 2019) Adefisoye, Taiwo O.; Ariyo, Ojo Olawale
This article focuses on the use of the Nigerian military as an internal security apparatus under a democratic government. In view of the recent secessionists’ agitation in the South-East region, renewed militancy in the South-South, insurgency in the North-East, kidnapping and ritual killings in the South-West and herder-pastoralist’s conflict in the Middle-Belt region which have caused serious security challenges in the country. In response to these challenges, the Nigerian Military, acting under the President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces directives, launched various military operations. These operations include; Operation ‘Python Dance 2’; ‘Crocodile Smile’; Operation ‘L’afiya Dole’ (interpreted as peace by force); Operation ‘Crocodile Smile 2’; Operation Cat Race; and the ‘show of force’. These military operations have not only generated tension and threatened civil-military relations in the different regions; they have also raised questions on the constitutional roles of the Armed Forces in a democracy. Besides, there has been a debate on whether these responses are in conformity with the constitution and if they are politically-expedient at this time. While this article queries the deployment of military as a security apparatus, it however raises a more fundamental question of what is the rationale behind the deployment of military forces against para-military security component statutorily charged with the responsibilities of maintaining peace, order and security. Secondly, the article raises the question of how effective are these military options in the face of public outcry. Lastly, what implication does this have on civil-military relations in Nigeria?
REMOTELY CONTROLLED CAR SPEED GOVERNOR
(1st International Conference on Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Osun State University., 2019) Alonge, O.I.; Abiola, O.A.,; Onigbogi, A.O.,; Akinbode, F.O.,; Okediji, A. P.; Alabi, I. O.
This study modifies a Car Speed Limiting Device (CSLD) based on a pre-existing design with a view to avoiding car over speeding and reduce possible accident on highway. The speed limiter was modified by incorporating a carrier chip into the device using an Arduino Nano to coordinate the activities of the carrier chip and the speed limiter. The function of the carrier chip is to send and receive notification message from owner’s phone number. The components were connected in between the two wires of the car fuel line using existing design. Two different cars were used and tested on a highway. The result obtained for the two vehicles showed different responses. When the speed of the car exceeds the designed speed limit of the device, it was transmitted by the speed limiting device, the speed governor came into action and restricted the car from going beyond the pre-set speed by actuating the relay to reduce the current flowing through the fuel line and reduced the rate of flow of fuel into the combustion chamber which reduces the power output of the engine. The speed limiter became active. Warning signal in the form of alarm was activated, and the receiver sends a message to the owner through the carrier chip. The study concluded that the modified speed governor design is better, safer and remotely controlled compared to the existing design.
The Structure of the Local Government Bureaucracy and the Attainment of Development Goals in Bayelsa, Edo and Rivers States of Nigeria
(Joyce Graphic, 2019-02) BRAIMAH, FREDERICK I.
Introduction There is a nexus between bureaucracy and development, especially in a developing country like Nigeria. According to Gbenga and Ariyo (2006), increasing the tempo of development in any polity must consider the various players in the system. The bureaucracy, being the engine house for the actualization of policies, privately or publicly, remains a major instrumentality that can drive development. Unfortunately, they not~ development has been undermined and retarded by the menace of corrupt practices. They elucidated that it will amount to affirming the obvious by saying that corruption has permeated every facet of the Nigerian society. According to them, several reforms aimed at making the civil and local government bureaucracy more proficient and result-oriented, have been carried out since independence. They, however, lamented that not much have been achieved from.such reforms, attributing corruption as one of the factors that have affected the success of such reforms (Gbcnga &Ariyo, 2006). Erne and Emeh (2012) stated that government bureaucracy is a very important factor required for the process of rural development. That is why, in their opinion, the strength of any bureaucracy defines its output. The greater the strength of the efficiency of the bureaucracy to tackle intricate and societal development plans, the greater the development potentials of that society. However, Okafor (2009) opined that this assertion does not, in any way, suggest that government bureaucracy remains the only force that drives development, though, it remains a necessary machinery. Local government management in Nigeria, according to Agba, Stephen and Nnamani (2014), has been bedeviled by open market mentality, pitiable accounting processes, absence of reliable data needed for planning, excess politicization, insufficient funding and reduced revenue, greed, higher government interference, lack of direction and corruption. The bureaucracy at the level of the local government accounts for, and in some other cases, is implicated in some of the aforementioned pathologies. There is the need, therefore, to cast an indulgent eye on the bureaucracy, especially its structure at this local level with the singular objective of restructuring it to deliver development at this level of governance. Historically, local government in Nigeria, since independence, has gone through a chequered progression. It remains the closest governmental apparatus to the citizens that is supposed to relate more swiftly to the needs of the people. It is charged with bringing the profound benefits of governmental administration to the citizens. These benefits . ' among others, include making democratic practices more proximate and a~so delivering efficient services to the masses. However, some of these benefits, so far, have remained largely elusive at the level oflocal government in Nigeri~. Reforms by past governments, which include the 1976 Local Government Reform, the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1979, the Dasuki 1984 Report of the Nigerian Local Government, the Handbook of Local Government Administration, 1992 and the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, which were supposedly aimed at properly positioning governments at the local level for delivering the profound benefits of development, so far, have not yielded the desired results. The governments at the local level in Nigeria still grapple, seemingly, with the challenge of efficiently delivering services and also bringing development proximate to the people. Previous reforms of the local government system that were supposedly aimed at strengthening the political arm and bureaucratic arm of government at the local level, towards efficient performance have, thus far, failed to meet their objectives especially that of development. Governments at the local level in Nigeria in the past years have received several trillion naira in taxes as internal revenue and also from external sources. However, there seems to be a lacuna between the huge income received by governments at the local level in Nigeria and the fulfillment of their responsibilities as stipulated by the constitution.
Nigeria and the implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace and security
(Journal of Public Administration and Development Alternatives (JPADA), 2019-06) Adefisoye, Taiwo O.; Adefisoye, I.D.
With a determination to addressing the negative impacts of violent conflicts and wars on women and girls, the United Nations Security Council made Resolution 1325 in October 2000. In an effort to repositioning women and girls to play active roles in peace and security through the Resolution, the United Nations sought the involvement of UN member-states in its implementation. In response, the Nigerian government through the Federal Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development formulated the first National Action Plan in 2013. Despite coming after twelve years, the first NAP did not achieve its major formulation goals owing to poor coordination of stakeholders; poor inter-agency collaboration; non-inclusion of violent conflicts/extremism; poor logistics; and lack of political will on the part of some states and local governments to domesticate gender-related laws. These challenges bedeviled the first NAP and occasioned the introduction of the second NAP in May 2017. This study, therefore, interrogates the challenges confronting the implementation of the UNSCR 1325 in mobilising women and girls to overcome the traditional challenges militating against their effective mobilisation for peacebuilding and engagement in security-related activities in Nigeria. Data for the study were generated from primary and secondary sources. The study revealed among other things that certain socio-cultural factors coupled with inherent ecological issues within Nigeria’s policy environment have affected the implementation of the UNSCR 1325 on women, peace and security and such undesirable trend may continue if concerted efforts are not geared towards addressing them.
STALL CONTROL ON THE NACA 23012 AIRFOIL VIA SINGLE AND DOUBLE SUCTION
(1st International Conference on Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Osun State University, 2019-11) Alonge, O. I.; Akinneye, A.O.; Julius, M. O
Flow separation due to adverse pressure gradients is the driving agent for the stalling of wings and consequently aircraft which may lead to disaster. Therefore, this paper focuses on the control of the negative effects of stall on the aerodynamic performance of a NACA 23012 airfoil through the implementation of suction on the upper surface of the airfoil. The suction is carried out at a Reynolds number of 𝑅𝑒=6×106, at angles of attack from 0º to the critical angle. Considering the suction position, and the suction width for a single suction, the capability of suction to control stall is studied. Also, double suction was implemented to determine the effect of multiple slots. The numerical analysis was carried out using the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) in conjunction with the k-omega (SST) turbulent model. The results from this investigation show that suction is more effective closer to the leading edge by boosting lift by as much as 25% and reducing drag by over 70%. The use of double suction offered no improvements over single suction other than extending the critical angle of attack to 28 º.

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