Research Articles in History and International Relations

Permanent URI for this collection

https://repository.elizadeuniversity.edu.ng/handle/20.500.12398/59

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 38

Active on Paper, Passive in Practice: Local Government and the Challenges of Disaster Management in South West, Nigeria, 2010-2018
(Journal of Health and Social Issues (JOHESI), 2018-09) ADEFISOYE, Taiwo O.
The National Disaster Management Framework of Nigeria stipulates among other things that State Governments should formulate enabling laws for the establishment and functioning of Local Emergency Management Authority. Therefore, in consonance with the spirit and letter of the local government as the closest administrative unit to the people, it is widely regarded as the most immediate public service provider and the first responder to any disaster. Despite this, the posture of the local government in Nigeria’s disaster management system is not desirable, as it has been a passive player. This undesirable development raises the question of disaster management policy implementation in the country. Taking a cue from incidents of flooding particularly those of 2011 and 2012 in South West, Nigeria as case studies, the paper examined the posture of the local government within Nigeria’s disaster management policy framework. With a view to achieving the objective of the paper, a field survey was carried-out in six purposively selected local areas in four of the six states in South West, Nigeria. Interviews were also conducted with relevant key informants. The study found-out among other things, that States in the South West region are yet to comply with the provision of the National Disaster Management Framework to establish Local Emergency Management Authority at the local government level. Instead, the responsibility is still not acceptable to many state-owned emergency management outfits; a situation that poses a great danger to the achievement of the overall policy goals of disaster management in Nigeria. Knowing the importance of the local government in disaster management, the paper recommends among other things that financial and political autonomy of the local government would re-position it as an active player.
Africa: Understanding and Managing Violent Conflicts
(Conflict Studies Quarterly, 2018-01) ADEFISOYE, Taiwo O.; BAMIDELE, Oluwaseun
In 2011, the World Bank reported that an estimated 1.5 billion people worldwide live in con􀏔lict-affected countries where repeated cycles of political and organized violence hinder development, reduce human security and result in massive humanitarian suffering. Out of this 􀏔igure, the African continent is host to a signi􀏔icant number. Since the 1960s, the continent has been laden with varied dimensions of con􀏔licts, orchestrated by, but not limited to, border disputes, communal/ethnic differences and political agitations caused by her colonial origin and other internal trajectories. Using document analysis conducted through systematic review, this work identi􀏔ies causes and consequences of con􀏔licts in Africa and prospects for peaceful and enduring con􀏔lict resolution mechanism. It was also identi􀏔ied that the response of African Union and other sub-regional organizations to the intense and chronic nature of con􀏔lict situations in the region has, over the years, ranged from apathy to reliance on short-term security measures, which has otherwise not able to proffer lasting solutions to the con􀏔lict situations. It was posited that rather than rely on heavy military operations and response-centric approaches to con􀏔lict management, there is a dire need for a robust effort at good governance and people-centred policy reforms where socioeconomic development is accorded high priority to mitigate the perception of alienation and marginalization among various groups in African countries. Besides, appropriate institutional responses by African states are critical and necessary to transforming the volatile environment to peaceful havens, conducive for development and progress.
AN ASSESSMENT OF NIGERIA’S INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
(Scientific Research Journal (SCIRJ), 2015-01) Adefisoye, Taiwo O.
In a bid to ensuring a virile emergency management practice, which would conform to global best practices, the Federal Government of Nigeria, through the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), in 2010, came up with the National Disaster Management Framework (NDMF). The framework was designed among other reasons, to provide jurisdictional responsibilities, promote efficiency and build institutional capacity among the various stakeholders in the area of disaster management. However, since its introduction, the framework is yet to make significant progress in ensuring the provision of effective and efficient institutional capacity especially at the State and Local government levels. Using secondary data, this paper identified some of the reasons for such inadequacy. It argues that the framework lacks full backing of the law to punish non-compliance and non- conformity with its provisions. Also, it identifies poor funding and lack of awareness as other problems affecting the framework. The study concludes that the vision of Nigeria to become one of the top twenty nations of the world in no distant time, would be a mirage if relevant stakeholders do not wake up to their responsibilities and rise to the occasion to ensure the realization of a viable, dynamic, efficient and effective disaster management system. Also, the study advocates the imperative of mainstreaming disaster management education into the curriculum of secondary schools, as well as proper funding as viable strategies of overcoming these challenges.
Between May 29 and June 12 1993: The Political Intrigues of Democracy Day Celebration in Nigeria
(Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies (JAIS), 2018-11) Adefisoye, Taiwo O; Oluwaleye, Janet Monisola
The article examined an issue that has attracted wide-spread debates and intrigues in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic (1999-2018) - democracy day celebration. Initially May 29, ostensibly to mark the end of military rule and the commencement of the Fourth Republic; it was changed to June 12 almost two decades later. The reason for such action was to perhaps honour M.K.O Abiola; the acclaimed winner of the enigmatic June 12 1993 presidential election. Both decisions, particularly the latter, have been given various interpretations, particularly coming in less than a year to the 2019 general elections. The article therefore analyses the political intrigues around Democracy Day celebration in Nigeria. In achieving its objectives, an online survey was conducted among fifty-four Nigerians, resident in the country and in the Diaspora. Besides, scholarly works and newspaper articles were reviewed. The article argued that the decision to declare May 29 as Nigeria’s Democracy Day and the subsequent change to June 12 was elitist, politically-strategic and not in the interest of the people which democracy represents.
Bureaucratic Deconcentration and Its Implication for Rural Development in Nigeria
(Delta State University: Journal of Social and Management Sciences, 2022-04) Braimah, Frederick Imuebe; Ohwona, Andrew I.
Citizen Participation and Flood Management: Lessons for Public Policy Implementation in Nigeria
(IISTE: Public Policy and Administration Research, 2017) ADEFISOYE, Taiwo O.
One of the key elements that determine an effective flood management system is the level of citizen participation. Over the years, it is noticeable that disaster management practice as it relates to flood management in Nigeria revolves majorly around government agencies and assumes a formal-institutional, top-down, agency-driven and centralized forms. By implication, flood management has been less dynamic and grossly inefficient. This study highlights the centrality of citizen participation in flood management using South-west Nigeria, a region that is constantly prone to threats of flood every year, as a case study. Data for the study were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. For the primary sources, a total of 180 questionnaires were administered in selected communities across four out of the six states that make up the region. Besides, key informant interviews were conducted with relevant stake-holders. Also, available literature was critically reviewed and reports were examined to generate secondary data. This work identifies inherent flaws in the top-down, agency-driven approaches to flood management and explains how an all-inclusive, citizen-centered approach could yield better results. It was discovered that affected communities, prior to the flood incidents of 2011 and 2012 did not have concrete and functional mitigation plans aside the conventional monthly environmental sanitation exercise which is not even mandatory. Besides the absence of well-planned mitigation framework, it was discovered that the level of interaction between government agencies and citizens as it relates to flood management is low in the study areas. The paper argues that the level of citizen involvement would determine to a large extent the successful implementation of flood management policies. The paper recommends among other things tha
COVID-19, Governments’ Response and the Feminisation of Poverty: Ekiti State, Nigeria in Perspective
(Journal of Education Research and Rural Community Development, 2020) Adefisoye, Taiwo O.; Adefisoye, Ibironke D.
This article examined the effects of the Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), and governments’ response action on female poverty in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Discourse on female poverty abounds, but there is the need to revisit the topic, particularly in the light of a global pandemic. In achieving its objective, the qualitative research approach was adopted. The method combined the use of primary data elicited through the conduct of Key informants Interview (KII), and the review of secondary materials to generate data. Ekiti State, as the focus of this study, was purposively selected, while Ekiti Central Senatorial District was conveniently selected from the three Senatorial Districts being the seat of commerce of the State. Three towns from three Local Government Areas under Ekiti Central: Adebayo, (Ado Ekiti); Aramoko (Ekiti West); and Ipoti (Ijero) were randomly selected. A total of seven women, including traders/artisans who are breadwinners of their respective families, were interviewed. Responses were analysed thematically and with the use of the descriptive method. It was found-out that governments’ lockdown measure had a negative effect on commercial activities, as those activities were restricted; an action which had a multiplier effect on female/household poverty. Despite the punitive measures attached to the disobedience of the lockdown order, many women still engaged in ‘illicit’ commercial activities, as a desperate move to feed their respective families. Besides, the palliative provided by the government to cushion the effect of the lockdown was limited to grossly inadequate food items. The paper recommends that government should put in place, as a matter of urgency, a social security scheme such as an emergency fund that would adequately cater for women in the informal sector, and the poorest of them.
DELAY OF CATASTROPHIC BOUNDARY LAYER SEPARATION OVER NACA 23012 AIRFOIL; A NUMERICAL STUDY
(1st International Conference on Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Osun State University., 2019) Julius, M.O.; Alonge, O. I.
Flow separation is caused by the action of the combined effect of the adverse pressure gradient and viscous force on the surface of the aeroplane wing and these lead to enormous loss of energy. Consequently, the aerodynamic performance is adversely affected (i.e. there is lift reduction and drag enhancement) and may lead to a catastrophe which put the safety of the aeroplane and the lives on it in danger. The introduction of suction slots, flaps, sophisticated high lifting devices to control the flow through separation delay can mitigate the aerodynamic losses. Therefore, this paper focuses on using a perpendicular suction to control the boundary layer separation of flow over the NACA 23012 aerofoil in order to stem the stalling effect that may lead to fatality. This was achieved by careful design and optimisation of the suction positions, suction jet amplitudes and other geometric parameters. The Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations were employed together with the Menter’s shear stress turbulent model. The jet with of 2.5% of the chord length was placed at different position varied from 10% to 70% of the chord length; the jet velocity was varied from 0.1 to 0.3 of the free stream velocity. The result of this study demonstrated that when the jet position is moved towards the trailing edge the lift to drag ratio decreases. Also, as the jet amplitude was increased, the lift to drag ratio increased commensurately. The jet position of 0.2c and jet amplitude of 0.3 is the most effective to improve the lift to drag ratio when compared to the NACA 23012 without suction. So the point of separation is delayed and the lift is increased significantly.
Diaspora Remittances: Implications for Nigeria Economy
(Edo Journal of Arts, Management and Social Sciences, 2021-12-01) Braimah, F. I.; Oyewole, O.M.
This paper examined the impact of diasporan remittances on the economic development of their home country with Nigeria in focus. Some perspectives consider remittances as a quantitative metric for measuring the impact of the Nigerian in diaspora on Nigeria’s economic development. The colossal loss of human capital due to brain drain has posed a challenge to the economic development of Nigeria. However, considering that travelling overseas by their wards for greener opportunities is a long-term goal of several families who invest in their education, it becomes necessary to analyze their impact on the Nigerian economy. The study was situated within the classical and neo-classical perspectives of migration theory while data were collected from secondary sources. The study found out that the Nigerians in the diaspora make significant quantitative (remittance and investment), and qualitative contributions (education, health, and non-governmental services) to Nigeria’s economic development. The paper, therefore, recommends that the Nigerian government through the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development should initiate policies that will provide a more enabling environment for Nigerians in the Diaspora to contribute to the development of the country. Encourage more remittances by a deliberate reduction of the cost of overseas remittances by the Central Bank of Nigeria.
DRIVEN TO THE MAINSTREAM: WOMEN AND GIRLS IN INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM
(European Journal of Social Sciences Studies, 2019) Adefisoye, Taiwo O.; Adedokun, Niyi O.
International Terrorism in recent times has assumed a striking and dangerous dimension. Terror groups have taken advantage of the sophistication and advancement in technology especially Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and loopholes in national and international cyber space to recruit and activate new and unsuspecting members of the public to perpetuate their dastardly acts. More alarming is the increasing spate of women and girls’ involvement in the act of terror. Although not a Twenty-First‖Century‖phenomenon,‖women‖and‖girl’s‖involvement‖with‖terror-related activities has increased over time especially in the areas of marriage and execution of terror attacks. In response to the ugly trend, the world has gradually moved from preventive to more proactive approaches by formulating frameworks that prioritize‖women‖and‖girls’‖involvement‖in‖peace‖building, conflict resolution and counterterrorism activities. This is underscored by the adoption of the U.N Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 in year 2000; and other subsequent resolutions on women, peace and security. Despite these moves, the roles of women and girls in terror prevention and counterterrorism issues have remained less explored. Interestingly, the menace has attracted a higher level of media coverage and has equally posed a greater challenge at both the domestic and international fronts. In a view to explore its causes and consequences, the article examines the phenomenon of women and girls’ involvement in terrorism. The article found-out that discriminating socio-cultural practices; neglect of women in the battle against terror and in the overall conflict resolution process; religious dogma and the zombification of women among other factors, have driven women and girls to the mainstream of international terrorism.
Effect of Waste Management Control on Tourism Development: Ado-Ekiti as a Case Study
(Case Studies Journal, 2017-03) Adefisoye, Taiwo O.; Ogunlade, Ibiyinka
Increasing waste generation is synonymous with growing urbanization and human development which can be controlled by efficient and effective management. Some problems associated with waste management can be very severe, particularly in developing countries where technological know-how required for recycling human wastes and processing them into useful items, are inadequate. Consequently, poor waste management has constituted major hindrances to healthy living, environmental sustainability and development of tourism potentials. Ado-Ekiti, thecapital of Ekiti State, South West Nigeria, is used as a case study. This work examined the implication(s) of poor waste management on tourism development, with particular reference to its aesthetic values. Relying on both primary and secondary data, this research found out that certain mountains in the study area (witha specific focus on Okeyinmi also known as Okuta-gbokuta-ru), have been turned to refuse sites, public toilets and even to an abode of social miscreants. Lack of political will, unstable government policies among other factors; have prevented the development and optimal utilization of the city’s tourism potentials. However, effective and efficient management of municipal domestic wastes would go a long way in thedevelopment of the tourism potentials of the city; improve its internally generated revenue; provide employment opportunities and income earnings for jobless youths; engender community participation in heritage management and ultimately, alleviate poverty and underdevelopment.
Explaining the State of Environmental Enforcement in Nigeria’s Niger Delta Region: some Theoretical Consideration
(Journal of Political Studies, 2024-06-10) EDO, Zephaniah Osuyi; FAJIMBOLA, Joshua Olatunde; BRAIMAH, Frederick Imuebe
There are several theories that elucidate the current condition of environmental enforcement and laws in Nigeria, as well as the subsequent deterioration of the Niger Delta ecosystem by oil multinational corporations. These theories are not exclusive as they relate with other theories to advance a holistic view. This study examines three theories in connection to the continuous and unresolved environmental challenges confronting the Niger Delta area in Nigeria. These are the dependency theory, the rentier state theory, and the regulatory capture theory. Anchored on historical research design and the use of secondary data, the findings indicated that Nigeria's enforcement programmes had been seriously affected by its total reliance on oil proceeds and the subsequent capture of its regulatory agencies by oil multinationals. The paper discovered that Nigeria's oil dependency, rent-seeking behavior, and corruption had been the greatest obstacle to the enforcement regime in the country. This situation led to a condition where though the laws exist to address environmental injustice, the various governments, especially at the centre, have made sure that they are not applied stringently as it would mean a reduced income on a resource that has been defining the country's economy trajectory for over 60 years. The paper, therefore, recommended holistic approaches that are measurable and achievable to resolving the problem and dilemma of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
FROM THE RULING TO THE OPPOSTION PARTY: NIGERIA’S PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC PARTY AND THE DYNAMICS OF CHANGE
(American Journal of Innovative Research and Applied Sciences, 2016-04-16) Adefisoye, Taiwo Oladeji; Ayodele, Bonnie
Background: Towards the terminal end of military dictatorship, and the epoch of Nigeria‟s Fourth Republic in 1999, the People‟s Democratic Party emerged as Nigeria‟s foremost political platform. Resultantly, the party, for sixteen uninterrupted years bestrode Nigeria‟s political landscape like a colossus; controlling the federal government, dominating the Senate, and House of Representatives, and having the highest number of governors than the other political parties put together at a point in time However the party lost out, and assumed the position of an opposition party after the 2015 general election. Objectives: To examine the rise and fall of Nigeria‟s foremost political party in its Fourth Republic - The People‟s Democratic Party. Methods: To achieve the objectives of this work, direct observation and secondary data were used. Also, interest articulation and interest aggregation; accountability and transparency; democratic consolidation; and conflict management, were used as variables to assess the performance of the PDP. Results: It was found out that the PDP fell short of its objectives, dismally performed, and failed to translate the aspirations of Nigerians into concreteobservable realities. Rather, for sixteen years of its hold onto power, the party was an academy of intrigue, lacking internal cordiality and cohesion. Consequently, massive corruption, insecurity, godfatherism among other socio-political ills, characterized Nigeria‟s political landscape for the period in view. All these (performance-failure of the party and the inevitability of change in particular) contributed to the defeat and the repositioning of the party from the ruling to the opposition position. Conclusion: The ability of the electorates to vote out any political party or individuals for lack of performance (as the case of the PDP in Nigeria) is one of the attractions of democracy
Fury of Nature or the Failure of Governance: Interrogating the Politics of Flood Prevention and Management in Nigeria, 2010-2018
(African Renaissance, 2021) Adefisoye, Taiwo O.; Agagu, Akinsola Alaba
Flood emergencies/disasters occur within the context of geo-political spaces, thereby requiring political/bureaucratic actions for effective management. Failure to act has resulted however, in fatal consequences. Nigeria presents a veritable platform for this analysis as the country has had its own fair share of flood emergencies. Flood management, despite being tailored after Nigeria’s federal political structure, having three levels of government has been halted by political intricacies within the country’s policy environment. This article interrogates the politics of flood prevention/management in Nigeria between 2010 and 2018. Although notable works have made similar attempts, none (in Nigeria) has viewed the subject through the lenses of politics, thereby making this work expedient. The qualitative research approach was adopted, while data were obtained through primary and secondary sources. Interviews were conducted with top officials of federal, state and local government agencies saddled with flood management. Publications in form of journal articles, textbooks, government publications/gazettes were also reviewed. Data obtained were analyzed with the use of the historical and descriptive methods. It was found-out, among other things that, flood emergencies/disasters in Nigeria (during the period in view), were caused by both natural factors and political/bureaucratic laxity. The article concludes that if Nigeria wishes to attain the lofty heights of national development and be ranked among the top economies of the world in no distant time, then, the country must mitigate the socio-political and economic consequences of flood disaster and save the heavy cost of rebuilding infrastructures occasioned by flood emergencies.
GIRL CHILD EDUCATION AND ADOLESCENCE PREGNANCY AN ASSESSMENT OF UNFPA ADVOCACY
(Journal of Perspectives in Gender Development (JPIGD). Centre for Gender Development Studies Delta State University, 2023-11) OLOWONIYI, Amanda Funke; BRAIMAH, Frederick Imuebe; ADEJO, Deborah Boluwatife
Adolescent pregnancy is a complex issue with social, economic, and health implications. Factors such as poor access to health care and education, gender inequality, and limited access to comprehensive sexual education contribute to the issue. This study examined the girl child education and adolescent pregnancy in Nigeria and the United Nations Population Fund’s (UNFPA) advocacy concerning education and adolescent pregnancy. Adopting the Social Learning Theory, it examined the persistence of adolescent pregnancy in Nigeria, despite UNFPA advocacy efforts. The qualitative research approach was adopted to generate the secondary data which were obtained from published articles and online sources. The MAXQDA thematic analysis was used to generate data analysis. The study found that a comprehensive strategy is needed to prevent adolescent pregnancy, including advancing gender equality and increasing access to contraception. The study also found out that early marriage and cultural misconception limits the girl child’s education. The study recommends that collaborations between UNFPA, the Association for Reproductive and Family Health, and other organizations are needed to strengthen comprehensive sexual education, advocate for gender equality, improve access to reproductive health services, and support economic empowerment.
HERDERS-FARMERS CONFLICT, STATE GOVERNMENT’S INTERVENTION AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA: EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT FROM OGBESE COMMUNITY IN AKURE NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT, ONDO STATE
(International Journal of Management, Social Sciences, Peace and Conflict Studies (IJMSSPCS), 2023-06) ADEMOLA-OYELANA, ADEKEMI DEBORAH
This study investigated herders-farmers conflict, state Government’s intervention, and conflict management in Nigeria. The issues examined include: the causal factors responsible for the herders-farmers conflict; the conflict effects on social economic; various form of intervention programmes that state government embarked on reducing herders-farmers conflict and the level of awareness, extent of the acceptability, efficacy and the inevitable consequences of the intervention programmes. The study used the survey-descriptive research design while four-point scale likert-type questionnaire was employed as the research instrument to elicit responses from one hundred responses selected using convenience and voluntary response sampling method. The data was analyzed using SPSS Software Version 26. The findings from the study revealed that scarcity of natural resources such as grazing land and water; destruction of crops and farmland caused by the herders during grazing are the major internal factors that caused herders-farmers conflict and the conflict as well has negative effects on socioeconomic. The establishment of Amotekun Corps and enacted of anti-open grazing law as parts of the programmes established by the government in reducing the herdersfarmers conflict received full awareness and acceptability by all and sundry. The efficacy of these programmes has no doubt significantly reduced the conflict, though; the inevitable consequences remain the huge cost implication of the establishment of Amotekun corps and criticisms from oppositions. The study therefore recommends that Northern State Government should encourage and establish ranching system, trainings, and provide fund and loan at very low interest to herders to enhance cattle business since cattle rearing is their major occupation, which in return will reduce the herders’ migration southward. While in the western part of Nigeria, modern way of rearing cattle – ranching should be made mandatory for the indigenous herders to embrace with the support of the state government as being practiced in other civilized country. In addition, Western Nigeria Security Network codenamed Operation Amotekun should strategize another means to complement the efforts of her state security network – Amotekun Corps to combat the security challenges facing the region.
The Historical Antecedents of Ilara-Mokin and the Transformational Impact of Elizade University
(Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, 2022) Adegbenro, Omololu; Olofinsao, Abiodun; Braimah, Frederick
The ‘Locals’ and Local Government Bureaucracy: Implication on the Attainment of Developmental Goals in Nigeria
(INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF RURAL AND COMMUNITY STUDIES, 2021-07-05) Braimah, Frederick Imuebe; Ohwona, Andrew I.
This study examined the effect of the exclusion of community representatives (locals), local traditional structures and values from the local government bureaucracy and its implication on attaining developmental goals in selected States in Nigeria. The study was situated within the ambits of the Weberian and Marxian bureaucratic theories to consider the subject matter and generate analysis. The study adopted the survey research design with a mixed-method approach to generate both primary and secondary data. Using the multi-stage sampling technique, a total number of nine electoral wards across the three states of Bayelsa, Edo and Rivers were covered. One thousand one hundred ninety (1,190) copies of a self-constructed questionnaire were administered in the study areas. The figure was arrived at with the use of the Taro Yamane method of calculation. Besides, in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants in the selected states. Quantitative data were analysed using the Spearman’s Rho Correlation Coefficient, while qualitative data were subjected to both thematic and descriptive methods of data analysis. It was found out that community participation and the inclusion of traditional structures and values in the local government bureaucracy could enhance the attainment of developmental goals at the local government levels. It was recommended that the National and State Houses of Assembly in Nigeria amend existing local government laws to restructure the local government bureaucracy to include community representatives at the local government bureaucracies with traditional institutions given specific roles.
MILITARY DEPLOYMENT IN INTERNAL SECURITY OPERATIONS AND CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN A DEMOCRACY: THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE
(European Journal of Political Science Studies, 2019) Adefisoye, Taiwo O.; Ariyo, Ojo Olawale
This article focuses on the use of the Nigerian military as an internal security apparatus under a democratic government. In view of the recent secessionists’ agitation in the South-East region, renewed militancy in the South-South, insurgency in the North-East, kidnapping and ritual killings in the South-West and herder-pastoralist’s conflict in the Middle-Belt region which have caused serious security challenges in the country. In response to these challenges, the Nigerian Military, acting under the President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces directives, launched various military operations. These operations include; Operation ‘Python Dance 2’; ‘Crocodile Smile’; Operation ‘L’afiya Dole’ (interpreted as peace by force); Operation ‘Crocodile Smile 2’; Operation Cat Race; and the ‘show of force’. These military operations have not only generated tension and threatened civil-military relations in the different regions; they have also raised questions on the constitutional roles of the Armed Forces in a democracy. Besides, there has been a debate on whether these responses are in conformity with the constitution and if they are politically-expedient at this time. While this article queries the deployment of military as a security apparatus, it however raises a more fundamental question of what is the rationale behind the deployment of military forces against para-military security component statutorily charged with the responsibilities of maintaining peace, order and security. Secondly, the article raises the question of how effective are these military options in the face of public outcry. Lastly, what implication does this have on civil-military relations in Nigeria?
Nigeria and the implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace and security
(Journal of Public Administration and Development Alternatives (JPADA), 2019-06) Adefisoye, Taiwo O.; Adefisoye, I.D.
With a determination to addressing the negative impacts of violent conflicts and wars on women and girls, the United Nations Security Council made Resolution 1325 in October 2000. In an effort to repositioning women and girls to play active roles in peace and security through the Resolution, the United Nations sought the involvement of UN member-states in its implementation. In response, the Nigerian government through the Federal Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development formulated the first National Action Plan in 2013. Despite coming after twelve years, the first NAP did not achieve its major formulation goals owing to poor coordination of stakeholders; poor inter-agency collaboration; non-inclusion of violent conflicts/extremism; poor logistics; and lack of political will on the part of some states and local governments to domesticate gender-related laws. These challenges bedeviled the first NAP and occasioned the introduction of the second NAP in May 2017. This study, therefore, interrogates the challenges confronting the implementation of the UNSCR 1325 in mobilising women and girls to overcome the traditional challenges militating against their effective mobilisation for peacebuilding and engagement in security-related activities in Nigeria. Data for the study were generated from primary and secondary sources. The study revealed among other things that certain socio-cultural factors coupled with inherent ecological issues within Nigeria’s policy environment have affected the implementation of the UNSCR 1325 on women, peace and security and such undesirable trend may continue if concerted efforts are not geared towards addressing them.

Browse

Browsing Research Articles in History and International Relations by Title

Results Per Page

Sort Options