Social and Management Sciences

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These are the scholarly outputs of the Faculty of Social and Management Sciences

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15 YEARS AFTER: EVALUATING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE AMNESTY PROGRAMME ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NIGER DELTA REGION
(College of Humanities and Social Sciences, JABU, 2024-06) Braimah, Fredrick I.; Edo, Zephaniah O.; Okechukwu, Mowete G.
Up to 90% of Nigeria's export revenue comes from its huge crude oil deposits, which are the reason the Niger Delta is so well-known worldwide. Despite producing a larger proportion of Nigeria's riches, the Niger Delta region is still largely undeveloped. This has led to youth restiveness and other nefarious actions in the region. The Amnesty deal was thus carried out by Late President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua to address these problems by pardoning the militants from the Niger Delta in October 2009 and ensuring the stability of Nigeria oil economy. How effective the policy has been in addressing the problem of the region is the focus of this paper. Using a qualitative historical design method and anchored on the Peace-building theory, the study's conclusion indicates that, while the amnesty deal was indeed a welcome idea, it is fraught with some anomalies that has reduced its effectiveness in addressing restiveness in the region. Among other things, it recommends that a focus on the environment which was rarely the focus of the amnesty deal will not only address the root cause of the problem but will also reduce tension in the region. Keywords: Amnesty, Militants, Militancy, Niger Delta, Oil, Deprivation
1976 Universal Primary Education and Schooling Attainment in Nigeria
(SSRN, 2015-11-02) Adeolu, Adewole M.; Fadayomi, Fadayomi O.
This study examines causal impact of 1976 Universal Primary Education (UPE) on individual schooling attainment in the Nigeria. This study exploits the quasi-natural experiment offered by the large-scale government investment in Universal Primary Education between 1976 and 1981 to confront the identification problems associated with this kind of study. Results from the Differences-in-Differences technique established that the UPE programme had positive and statistically significant impact on schooling attainment of beneficiaries. After controlling for all a large number of variables in the DID framework, exposure to UPE programme increases schooling attainment by 0.15 year. A formal test does not suggest that omitted variables might be influencing schooling outcomes.
A case analysis on the adequacy of work-life balance practices in UK small-and medium-sized enterprises
(Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, 2017) Akanji, Babatunde
The purpose of this study is to examine whether work-life balance (WLB) practices are satisfactorily provided in UK small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the impact of the availability of these work-life policies on turnover intentions. A review of extant literature reveals scarce knowledge in this area of research and this study presents a rudimentary effort to fill this gap.Research Design & Methods: Using qualitative design, the data set comprised of in-depth interviews with thirty-six employees working in small and medium-sized UK convenience stores and supermarkets with less than ninety employees.Findings: Informal nature of human resource management policies emerged from the findings as one of the constraining forces impeding work-life agendas in SMEs and causing low staff retention in UK. Although other themes were found to contribute to retention challenges, however, these additional reasons were not independent, but all considered integrated.Implications & Recommendations: Consequently, the practical implication of devising ways to overcome WLB and retention deficiencies in this context were also explored.Contribution & Value Added: The originality of this work lies in studying the importance of WLB practices to some of these grass root businesses that make up a large proportion of the economy in the UK. As the limitation of this study is that it is wholly qualitative in nature, it is suggested that future research should rely on quantitative designs that provides more internally valid tests via computational techniques.
A case study on occupational stressors and effective stress management interventions from a call center perspective
(International Journal of Research Studies in Management, 2016-10) Akanji, Babatunde Oluwatoyin
This case study explores the realities of work stress in the Nigerian call center context and employees’ views on how effective stress management practices can improve workplace well-being. A total of 30 participants (20 call center agents and 10 team managers) employed in two different call centers took part in the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted about the impact of call center working conditions on employee well-being while thematic content analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings unveiled various interpretations of how participants perceived call center stressors and the various coping strategies used in managing job stress. Furthermore, recommendations were made for call center organizations within this context to implement organizational-levelled stress management practices rather making employees indulge in individual coping abilities. Thus, the implication of study is to create a scholarly awareness on how occupational stress is perceived and interventions conceptualized in service jobs within a non-Western context where literature is rare.
A Conceptual and Descriptive Approach to Capital Market Progression in a Developing Country: The Nigerian Perspective
(Journal of Academic Research in Economics, 2022-03) Ogbeide, S.; Adedipe, O.; Obadeyi, J.; Osawaru, F.
This study undertook a conceptual and descriptive approach to capital market progression in Nigeria, beginning from 1985 to 2019 using number of listed securities (a proxy for market accessibility), market capitalization (a proxy for market size), All Share Index (a proxy of market efficiency) and market depth (a proxy of ratio of market capitalization to gross domestic product (GDP) in the reference period. The period analyzed was segmented into a five year period for effective descriptive reporting purposes. Findings from the study showed that the Nigerian capital market has progressed steadily in terms of market size, efficiency and depth but was retrogressive in terms of the number of listed firms in the reference period. From the analysis, the study recommends that capital market operators and regulators should do more in the areas of listing more securities by reducing the obstacle for listing, efficiency and especially the depth of the market (increase trading in the floor) for it to effectively and efficiently provide move fund from surplus sector to deficit sector.
A critical discourse analysis of the link between professional culture and organisational culture
(Employee Relations: The International Journal, 2020-02) Adisa, Toyin Ajibade; Oruh, Emeka Smart; Akanji, Babatunde
Purpose – Despite the fundamental role of culture in an organisational setting, little is known of how organisational culture can be sometime determined/influenced by professional culture, particularly in the global south. Using Nigeria as a research focus, this article uses critical discuss analysis to examine the link between professional and organisational culture. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study uses qualitative research approach to establish the significance of professional culture as a determinant of organisational culture among healthcare organisations. Findings – We found that the medical profession, in Nigeria, is replete with professional duties and responsibilities, such as professional values and beliefs, professional rules and regulations, professional ethics, eagerness to fulfil the Hippocratic Oath, professional language, professional symbols, medicine codes of practice, and societal expectations, all of which conflate to form medical professionals’ values, beliefs, assumptions, and the shared perceptions and practices upon which the medical professional culture is strongly built. Thus, making the medical professional culture stronger and more dominant over the healthcare organisational culture. Research Limitations/Implications – The extent to which the findings of this research can be generalised is constrained by the limited and selected sample of the research. Practical Implications – The primacy of professional culture over organisational culture may have dysfunctional consequences for HRM, as medical practitioners are obliged to stick to medical professional culture over human resources practices. Hence, human resources departments may struggle to cope with the behavioural issues that arise due to the dominant position taken by the medical practitioners. This is because the cultural system (professional culture), which is the configuration of beliefs, perceived values, code of ethics, practices, etc. shared by medical doctors, subverts the operating system. Therefore, in the case of healthcare organisations, HRM should support and enhance the cultural system (the medical professional culture) by offering compatible operating strategies and practices. Originality/Value – This article provides valuable insights into the link between professional culture and organisational culture. It also enriches debates on organisational culture and professional culture. We therefore contend that a strong professional culture can overwhelm and eventually become an organisational culture.
A study on the relationship between cash-flow and financial performance of insurance companies: Evidence from a developing economy
(Revista de Management Comparat International, 2017-05) Ogbeide, Sunday; Akanji, Babatunde
The study examines the relationship between cash flow and financial performance of insurance companies in a developing economy – Nigeria. Using time series data for the period 2009-2014, twenty seven listed insurance firms in Nigeria were selected as sample size. The study uses both descriptive and inferential statistics to determine the relationship among the variables. It also employs the series of diagnostic tests to ensure stability of the time series used as well as to ensure the model meets the assumption of ordinary list square. The findings reveal that cash flow was observed to determine insurance firms’ financial performance and is statistically significant. Cash flow from operating activities was observed to significantly increase financial performance of insurance companies in the period examined. Cash flow from financing activities was found to increase the financial performance of the sampled insurance firms, but was not statistically significant. The size of the insurance company did not increase the financial performance of the insurance firms and was also not statistically significant. The paper recommends that managers in insurance firm should regularly change the extent at which cash is spent to avoid negative cash flow position as well as financial crisis. Adequate investment appraisal is really a concern that insurance firms need to take into consideration when customers are taking up insurance coverage. The costs have to be weighed against the benefits accruable thereto.
ACCOUNTING REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS' COMPLIANCE IN NIGERIA
(International Journar of Economics, Commerce and Management, United kingdom, 2015-01) Akande, Adesola A.; Olowe, Sunday O.; Olowe, Folake T.
This paper is an attempt to investigate the rate of compliance of public institutions with the framework stipulations of accounting regulations in Nigeria. Series of accounting Regulatory Provisions guiding preparation and presentation of financial reports in public institutions were examined. Descriptive statistical methods - Simple Percentage Method (SPM) and Chi-square were used on 50 Respondents from Ministry of Finance and the Office of Accountant General of the State of Osun in Nigeria. The paper revealed that there is a positive relationship between regulatory framework and financial reports preparation and presentations in Osun State. The study recommends that Proper trainings on public sector accounting and establishments of performance evaluation of employees should be put in place in order to make public institutions account more effective in the State of Osun.
ACCOUNTING REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS AND PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS’ COMPLIANCE IN NIGERIA
(International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2015) Akande, Adesola A.; Olowe, Sunday O.; Olowe, Folake T.
This paper is an attempt to investigate the rate of compliance of public institutions with the framework stipulations of accounting regulations in Nigeria. Series of accounting Regulatory Provisions guiding preparation and presentation of financial reports in public institutions were examined. Descriptive statistical methods - Simple Percentage Method (SPM) and Chi-square were used on 50 Respondents from Ministry of Finance and the Office of Accountant General of the State of Osun in Nigeria. The paper revealed that there is a positive relationship between regulatory framework and financial reports preparation and presentations in Osun State. The study recommends that Proper trainings on public sector accounting and establishments of performance evaluation of employees should be put in place in order to make public institutions account more effective in the State of Osun.
Addressing the energy consumption-economic growth nexus: The Nigerian case
(Institute for Oil, Gas, Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (OGEES Institute), 2018) Olarinde, Omolola S.; Adeniran, Abraham
Energy is critical to the survival and expansion of any economy. In Nigeria, energy consumption has been skewed towards household use, and below thresholds for sector-driven growth. The article updates, in time and methodology, those studies highlighting the significance of energy use for economic growth, using the Bound test and the Auto Regression Distributed Lag (ARDL) to establish the long- and short-run relationships between disaggregated energy consumption and economic growth in Nigeria from 1990 to 2016. The variables considered are real GDP, energy consumption decomposed into electricity and petroleum consumption, labour and capital. The findings show that, in the short and long run, petroleum consumption and labour have a significant positive relationship with GDP. Furthermore, the causality results show that feedback causation between economic growth and energy consumption as well as labour exists, while one-way causation runs from labour to economic growth. The study recommends diversification of the power-generation portfolio in the country, as this will improve energy consumption. Also, full deregulating policies in the energy sector would encourage industrialization and move energy demand towards increasingly productive uses. Finally, a strong institutional framework is needed to ensure energy policies achieve their objectives and targets
Advances in Concepts of Ergonomics with Recent Industrial Revolution
(International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable World, 2021) Fayomi, O.S.I.; Akande, I.G.; Essien, V.; Asaolu, A.; Esse, Ugwunwa C.
Change is constant and as such we must always look forward to ways to help us adapt to this changes. With constant improvement being revised on evolving better and improved ways in which individuals and workers can function in their various organizations and industries, better and improved methods would have to be constantly developed in order to gain maximum efficiency from workers. The emergence of the Industry 4.0 industrial stage era has witnessed with its arrival tremendous industrial performance. This paper seeks to provide a review on the various advances of ergonomics concepts with the advancing industrial revolution with supporting roles on importance of training workers on the new innovative techniques
AGRITOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND COMMUNAL SOCIOECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY IN NIGERIA
(Afro Asian Journal of Social Sciences, 2020-03-31) Khidir, Bolaji Balogun
Agritourism is a new form of tourism practice that is gradually gaining global recognition. The combination of agricultural activities with tourism services, is known as “Agritourism”. It is a medium for promoting participation in agricultural activities and physical development. This form of tourism can be considered as a key approach to rural development, if properly managed.This paper examines how agriculture could be promoted through tourism by the fusion of both sectors to develop more socio-economic opportunities for the host community. This study is focused on accessing the agritourism potentials of Afe Babalola University (ABUAD) farm in Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Quantitative and qualitative methods of research were adopted through interviews and questionnaires: These were administered through the use of random and purposive sampling method to gather important data. Data gathered were presented in the form of descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of simple percentage analysis
An Analysis of Youths' Responses to Media Messages Promoting Family Planning Services in Abraka Community of Delta State
(Benin mediacom Journal, 2012) Wilfred, 0lley O.; Ogbiten, Brickins O.
This study evaluates the degree of awareness, misconceptions, and attitudes to media messages on family planning methods in Abraka community in Ughelli South Local Government Area of Delta State. It employed the survey method of research, using a sample of one hundred and twenty (120) respondents who were purposively chosen from different parts of Abraka community in Delta State. The research also involved an examination of secondary data to generate data and assumptions for the study. Data generated were analysed using simple percentage and presented with the aid of tables. Findings revealed that the youths in Abraka are aware of family planning, and believe that family planning should be encouraged. They also agee that the mass media do give the messages concerning family planning. Findings also reveal that the majority of the respondents are of the view that they get their family planning messages from radio, television and newspapers mainly. However, the majority of the respondents believe that Radio is the most effective source for media messages on family planning. The study therefore recommends that the mass media should focus also on enlightening the youths on the dangers of unwanted pregnancies as illiteracy is found to be a major factor which still sustains it in the community under study and that health organisations and reproductive health partners in Delta State should partner with the mass media on advocacy efforts with a view to promoting family planning more at the grassroots level.
An Assessment of the Impact of Mass Media in the Growth and Development of Tertiary Institutions in Delta State
(ASUP, DSP, 2013-11) Ogbiten, Brickins O.; Emmanuel, Morka; Akpoveta, Emmanuel E.
The mass media are indispensable in every sphere of life. The media contribute a lot to the growth and development of tertiary institutions. The researchers used the agenda setting and development media theories as theoretical relevance for this study. This paper is therefore set to assess the impact of the mass media in the growth and development of Tertiary Institution in Delta State. The survey method and questionnaire were used as research design and instrument for gathering data respectively. A total of 300 (Three Hundred) sample size was drawn randomly from these three institution, i.e. 100 respondents each from each of the institutions. The findings revealed overwhelming impact of mass media in the growth and development of the three sampled tertiary institutions. Based on the findings, It was recommended among other things that Higher Institution authorities should always use the mass media to publicize their institutions, and the media on the other hand should be morally obliged to the plight of higher institutions by publishing and disseminating information concerning them on regular basis.
AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF DECORATION ON PATRONAGE OF HOTELS IN ABEOKUTA METROPOLIS, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
(College of Agriculture, OOU, 2011-08) Alaba, Kikelomo E.; Okhiria, Adebimpe O.
The study evaluated the effects of decoration on patronage of hotels in the Abeokuta metropolis. The specific objectives are to assess in economic characteristics of the hotel staff in the area of study. The types of interior and exterior decoration used by the als as well as the services provided, infrastructure and furnishing materials, including the maintenance capability and the attitude of staff respondent) towards the pattern of decoration of the hotels were also examined. A total of 200 questionnaires were administered 18 hotels purposively selected for the study. Findings revealed that majority of the hotel customer were within the active age of between 31-50 years. The findings also showed that most of the respondents were male (65%) and had formal education (100%). Chi square tests showed significant relationship between the effects of hotel decoration and socio-economic characteristics of the respondents. Xcal = 81.189 was greater than X' tab = 9.488 at the 5% significant level and df = 4, suggesting that patronage had a significant relationship with the effect of hotel decoration. There was also a significant relationship between the effects of decoration and services provided by the hotels as X2 calculate was 289.72 which was greater than Xfrom the table X2 = 3.841 at 5% level of significant and df = 1. Correlational analysis showed that there were positive correlation (r = 0.1416) between hotel decoration and patronage; this implies that a better decoration will bring higher patronage. This project concludes that the use of good interior decoration, sound renovations and general cleaning of the hotel surroundings encouraged patronage and contributed well to the success and development of the hotels, thereby increasing patronage and income.
An exploratory study of work-life balance in Nigeria: Employees’ perspectives of coping with the role conflicts
(International Journal of Research Studies in Management, 2013) Akanji, Babatunde
Using a phenomenological methodology, the purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of work-life conflicts (WLC) in Nigeria. Evidently, work-life research is a social concept originating from the western societies but over the years, advanced management and business studies are beginning to emerge showcasing the relevance, significance and challenges of Work-Life Balance (WLB) practices in developing nations. Against this backdrop, 51 in-depth interviews were conducted with employees working in the Nigerian service industry (ie banks, call center, hotel services and insurance firms) about their cultural perceptions and knowledge of work-life balance. Study findings manifested views alleging the prominence of role conflict situations rather than desired expectations of available social incentives for appropriate management of employees’ work and family affairs. This were attributed to the adverse macro environmental conditions entrenched in so many social-economic upheavals found to be plaguing Nigeria as a whole. Thus, the antecedents of these national issues have necessitated personal coping strategies utilized by participants of current study as moderating buffers against role imbalances encountered. Thus, this paper provides a preliminary study that provides an academic platform for further research into circumstances instigating role conflicts in African societies by presenting major impediments detected to hinder workable WLB practices in Nigeria.
An Organisational Study on the Effects of Intrinsic Customer Service Demands: A Perspective from Emotional Labour Theory
(De Gruyter Open, 2016-08-01) Akanji, Babatunde
The purpose of this research is to examine employees’ views on adverse consequences caused by strict compliance to display rules of intrinsic labour demands as against its appropriate necessities within a call centre context. Using an interpretative phenomenological methodology for the study analysis, 25 semi-structured interviews were conducted with telephone agents working in a call centre outlet in Lagos state, Nigeria. Based on the emotional labour theory, enquires were made about general outcomes experienced from conforming to organisational rules of emotional management during customer service encounters. Findings confirmed that the adversarial impact of affective conformity tends to threaten the positive intentions of these mandatory components of service work. Thus, a proposed theoretical model emerged from the study’s interpretive accounts Based on these significant research findings, detailed practical implications were discussed on ways in which call centre businesses operating in a non-Western context can extenuate poor affective deliveries arising from mismanagement of emotional labour.
Analysis of the cost of governance and options for its reduction in Nigeria
(Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies, 2007-10-05) Adewole, Musiliu A.; Osabuohien, E. S.
Government at any given level and over a defined territory can be treated as a typical example of a natural monopoly in the sense that only one can exist at any particular time. Thus, the traditional theories of costs and monopoly can be very useful in the analysis of the cost structure of government. Like any other unchecked private monopoly, government and by extension governance, can produce sub-optimal units of public good in which it has comparative advantage. Depending on the resources at its disposal and the tax-elasticity of public goods, massive deadweight costs, among others, often result from a high cost governance structure. This paper explores the effects of destructive political competition. It suggests constitutional provisions that will guarantee true separation of powers, restructure the mechanism of governance to, among other measures, limit the size of the cabinet to reduce the high cost of governance in Nigeria.
Analyzing the Impact of Microfinance Banks Credit Variables on Micro, Small Enterprises Growth Indicators in South-West, Nigeria
(IISTE : Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 2020-06) Obadeyi, J.A; Ogbeide, Sunday; Adesuyi, I.O
Despite several reforms both in the banking and informal sectors; it is sad that there have been dwindling development in both sectors. In view of this, this study analyzed the impact of Microfinance Banks (MFBs) credit variables on Micro Small Enterprises (MSEs) growth indicators in South-West, Nigeria. Sampled MFBs, MSEs and some South-West States were purposively selected. Secondary data was extracted from financial statements of eight selected MFBs from 2007-2016 (10years). Relationship between MFBs variables and MSEs’ growth was analyzed using Correlation matrix, while extent at which MFBs variables influenced MSEs growth was analyzed using panel regression. Results showed the relationship between MFBs credit variables and MSEs’ growth with an average ‘r’ at 68.56% (p<0.05); and the extent at which MFBs credit variables influenced MSEs growth (p<0.05) such as profit, total asset, number of employee growth and sales with R2 were 61.4%, 58.3%, 48.1% and 52.1%, respectively. The study concluded that MFBs credit variables influenced MSEs growth. It was recommended that MFBs should moderately increase loan size in order to improve MSEs’ business operations.
Are Men’s Reproductive Health Problems and Sexual Behavior Predictors of Welfare?
(SAGE Publications, 2017-05) Amoo, Emmanuel O.; Oni, Gholahan A.; Ajayi, Mofoluwake P.; Idowu, Adenike E.; Fadayomi, Theophilus O.; Omideyi, Adekunbi K.
The study examined men’s reproductive health problems and sexual behavior and their implications for men’s welfare in Nigeria. It used the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data set of 2013. The analysis used only male recode files, representing 17,359 males. The dependent variable is the computed wealth index, which was selected as proxy for welfare condition. Analysis involved univariate and multivariate levels. The findings indicated that 49.3% of the respondents currently have more than one sexual partner. The total lifetime sexual partner index identifies 70.2% of the men interviewed have had at least two sexual partners in their lifetime. It revealed that men who experience reproductive health challenges, such as sexually transmitted infections and genital ulcer, are 44% and 93%, respectively, less likely to enjoy good welfare condition. It also indicated that men in urban area are 7.256 times more likely to enjoy good welfare condition compared with their rural counterparts. There is a negative association between total lifetime sexual partnerships and exposure to good welfare. The study concludes that social workers, marriage counselors, other health personnel, and policy makers need to focus on the practice of multiple sexual partnership and reproductive health diseases as major determinants of men’s welfare. The authors suggest that the index of welfare should include reproductive health issues and indicators of sexual behavior. Also, there is need for the establishment of specialized reproductive health care services and centers that are accessible to all men for effective servicing of reproductive health needs of men in the country.

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