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Rural migration and rural development: an exploratory study of return migrants in selected rural communities of Nigeria
(Journal of Rural Economics and Development, 1978) Fadayomi, Theophilus O.
An analysis of return migration to rural areas in Nigeria is presented. Data are from a survey of 1,150 households in two villages of the Ishan Division of Bendel State. The characteristics of migrants and nonmigrants are compared, and reasons for return migration are considered. (ANNOTATION)
The Demand for Pre-School Care: An Aspect of the Problems of the Nigerian Working Mother
(Sage Publications, 1979-01) Fadayomi, Theophilus O.
One of the changes brought about by the increasing employment of women outside the home is the demand for both custodial and developmental care for their pre-school age children 1. The demand situation for extra-maternal child care in Nigeria seems to be aggravated by the gradual erosion of the traditional resources for extramaternal childcare such as the community of friends and relations, hired nursemaids and servants, and the inadequate provision of extrafamilial institutions such as nurseries and daycare centres. Rather than quantify the demand for extramaternal care for children, this study assesses the childcare arrangements of working mothers and inquires into the existing resources for meeting this demand both within and outside the household. It is concluded that demand for extramaternal childcare of both custodial and developmental nature is not fulfilled by existing resources. Therefore, it is being suggested that an inventory of existing pre-school institutions such as nurseries and daycare centres, programmes for the improvement and expansion of these facilities would facilitate the participation of women in the labour force and their effective contribution to social and economic development.
Survival of Escherichia Coli in Lagos Lagoon
(1981) Amund, Olukayode O.; Ekundayo, J. A.; Ogunsanya, C. O.; Akpata, T. V. I.
There was a gradual decrease in the population of Escherichia coli incubated in autoclaved and unautoclaved (raw) water samples obtained from three different sampling stations of the Lagos lagoon. The survival period of the bacterium was generally shorter in the unautoclaved than in the autoclaved water sample; and also varied with the season. In November, 1976, the survival periods in unautoclaved (raw) samples were 6 and 8 days respectively; while in February, 1977 they were 12 days for all three water samples. For the autoclaved water samples the survival periods in November 1976 were 12 and 14 days; while in February, 1977 they were 22, 24 and 32 days. The survival period was also affected by seasonal variations in some physic-chemical parameters of the lagoon.
Increased L-ornithine production by an arg mutant of Acinetobacter lwoffi
(Springer-Verlag, 1983-07-01) Amund, Olukayode O.; Mackinnon, G.; Higgins, I. J.
The metabolic production of L-ornithine by an arg mutant of Acinetobacter Iwoffi using n-hexadecane as sole carbon source was studied. Time course experiments under optimised conditions showed that L-ornithine production was growth related, with maximum concentrations (10.5gl-1) accumulating in the late exponential phase of growth.
Observations on the Degradation of Crude Mineral Oil by an Estuarine Microbial Community.
(The Nigerian Society for Microbiology, 1984) Amund, Olukayode O.
An oil-degrading bacterium identified as Acinetobacter lwoffi. S2 was isolated by enrichment on the North Sea Forties oil from a water sample collected from the Medway estuary, Kent, England. This organism metabolises a wide range of long-chain n-alkanes (C8–C28) through the corresponding n-alkan-1-ols and n-alkanoic acids. A mixed microbial population was shown to effect a more extensive degradation of crude oil than single species. Simultaneous growth of five estuarine bacterial isolates on crude oil resulted in the synthesis of novel alkanes of higher molecular weights than those originally founds in the crude oil sample. Results of further investigation however, showed that the novel alkane synthesis could be attributed to the synergistic relationship in the estuarine microbial community.
The demographic factor in the provision of health facilities in developing countries: the case of Nigeria
(Elsevier, 1984-01-01) Fadayomi, Theophilus O.; Oyeneye, O. Y.
Current emphasis on preventive health measures in developing countries such as Nigeria is not often reflected in actual performance of health programmes. It is still common to find that a major proportion of the health budget is expended on the construction of modern hospitals in a few privileged areas such as the major towns and urban centres. This strategy of medical care delivery continues in spite of the demographic situation which makes it virtually impossible for any developing nation to aim at providing adequate hospital-based care for its growing and basically rural population. Therefore, it is being suggested that the existing practice of medical care planning which places an undue emphasis on hospital based care is too expensive and will have to give way to less expensive and comprehensive strategies involving community participation such as health education, nutritional improvement programmes and more reliance on local medical resources.
EVALUATION OF GARLIC EXTRACTS ON CANCER GROWTH IN RATS FED DIETS WITH VARYING LEVELS OF PROTEIN.
(Howard University, 1984) Fakunle, Julius B.
Several aqueous plant extracts of common vegetables were screened for in vitro inhibition of tumor guanylate cyclase activity (the only enzyme known which produces cyclic GMP, a key regulator of cancer cell growth). One hundred and twenty young male rats (100-133g) were assigned to two major groups. One group of sixty animals was injected with transplantable Morris hepatoma (#3924A) one week after they had been placed onto their dietary regimen. Each major group was divided into six minor groups of ten rats each and was fed with three dietary protein levels of either 5%, 15% and 25% (without and with 5% lypholized garlic extract supplement). Non-tumor bearing animals fed 5% or 15% protein ate significantly (p < 0.05) more food than the tumorbearing animals (10.8 vs 9.3g). At the end of four weeks, dietary protein showed a significantly positive correlation with liver weight, kidney weight, tumor weight, tumor area and tumor tissue protein (p < 0.01). Serum and liver protein were significantly decreased in the tumor bearing animals. Low dietary protein significantly decreased tumor growth (p < 0.05) from 60-70%. All diets containing 5% garlic yielded decreased tumor growth from 10-25% (p < 0.05). Results of this study indicate that a decrease in dietary protein and/or a 5% garlic extract dietary supplement caused decreased growth of Morris hepatoma 3924A. It appears that garlic extract supplemented in the diet of experimental animals may help in cancer prevention.
The Degradation of 1-Phenylalkanes by an Oil-Degrading Strain of Alinetobacter Iwoffi
(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1985-01-01) Amund, Olukayode O.; Higgins, I. J.
An oil-degrading bacterium identified as Acinetobacter lwoffi was isolated by elective culture on North Sea Forties crude oil from an activated sludge sample. It grew on a wide range of n-alkanes (C12 – C28) and 1 –phenylalkanes, including 1-pheny1dodecane, 1-pheny1tridecane and 1-pheny1tetradecane. The organism degraded 1-pheny1dodecane to phenylacetic acid which was further metabolized via homogentisic acid, whilst 1-phenyltridecane was transformed to trans-cin-namic and 3-pheny1propionic acid which were not further metabolized. Evidence is presented for a relationship between aromatic amino acid catabolism and 1-pheny1dodecane degradation in this organism.
Intelligent Control for Automation of Yam Storage System Using Fuzzy Logic Controller
(IEEE, 1985-06-01) Abdulazeez, Murtala; Salami, Momoh-Jimoh E.; Tijani, Ismaila B.
This paper presents the development of intelligent control technique for yam storage system based on fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The expert control of yam storage system is formulated in the form of fuzzy rules. The inputs to the controller are the outside and inside temperature, wind speed and presences of rain. The output is the window opening angle. Simulations were performed for different typical levels of input parameters and also for extreme fictitious conditions. The results shown that, the controller is capable of responding to the changes in temperature conditions by adjusting the window opening angle to keep the internal temperature within acceptable range. The controller also satisfies security requirements due to sudden changes in wind velocity and presence of rain.
Application of ARMA modeling to multicomponent signals
(Elsevier, 1985-07-01) Nichols, S. T.; Smith, M. R.; Salami, Momoh-Jimoh E.
This paper investigates the problem of estimating the parameters of a multicomponent signal observed in noise. The process is modeled las a special nonstationary autoregressive moving average (ARMA) process. The parameters of the multicomponent signal are determined from the spectral estimate of the ARMA model The spectral lines are closely spaced and the ARMA model must be determined from very short data records. Two high-resolution ARMA algorithms are developed for determining the spectral estimates. The first ARMA algorithm modifies the extended Prony method to account for the nonstationary aspects of noise in the model.For comPonents signals with good signal to noise ratio (SNR) this algorithm provides excellent results, but for a lower SNR the performance degrades resulting in a loss in resolution. The second algorithm is based on the work of Cadzow. The algorithm presented overcomes the difficulties of Cadzow's and Kaye's algorithms and provides the coefficients for the complete model not just the spen ral estimate. This algorithm performs well in resolving multicomponent signals when the SNR is low.
A study of bacteria from the digestive system of two advanced termites (Isoptera, Termitidae) in Nigeria
(1986) Amund, Olukayode O.; Yakubu, O. S.; Malaka, S. L. O.
1. The total heterotrophic counts of bacteria present in the digestive system of Macrotermes bellicosus Smeathman and Amitermes evuncifer Silvestri were carried out. 2. The populations of bacteria in the guts of workers were generally higher than in those of soldiers. 3. A total of nineteen bacterial strains belonging to four main genera, namely Cytophaga, Micrococcus, Bacillus and Sarcina were isolated; six of these organisms were capable of producing cellulose-digesting enzymes. 4. The possible role of these cellulolytic bacteria in termite nutrition was discussed.
Occurence and Characteristics of HydroCarbon-Utilizing Bacteria in Nigerian Soils Contaminated with Spent Motor Oil
(1987) Amund, Olukayode O.; Adebowale, A. A.; Ugoji, E. O.
Soil samples were collected from four different oil-contaminated sites in Lagos, Nigeria, Enrichment of soil samples in a mineral salts medium containing SAE 40 motor oil as carbon source resulted in the isolation of eleven bacterial species. These organisms were identified as species of Corynebacterium, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Gemella, Flavobacterium and Micrococcus. Substrate specificity tests showed that the organisms could utilize long chain n-alkanes including dodecane, tetradecane and hexadecane. Some species grew on some aromatic hydrocarbons, such as naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene. However, all the isolates grew on crude oil as well as motor oil. The growth of a Pseudomonas sp on motor oil resulted in the extensive degradation of the oil and in the synthesis of a new compound.
A SVD-based transient error method for analyzing noisy multicomponent exponential signals
(IEEE, 1987-04-06) Salami, Momoh-Jimoh E.; Nichols, S.; Smith, M.
The problem of estimating the parameters of noisy multicomponent signals using parametric modeling technique is considered in this paper. The multicomponent signal of interest is formed by a superposition of basic functions having the same location in time but different widths and amplitudes. Based on the modified Gardner transformation, some samples of deconvolved data are derived from the multicomponent signals. The deconvolved data are then modeled using a special nonstationary autoregressive moving average (ARMA) process in which the parameters of the ARMA model are obtained by linear least-squares procedure. The least-squares procedure is based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) to overcome the limitations of the transient error method (TEM) of analysis that uses cholesky decomposition to determine its AR coefficients. The moving average (MA) coefficients corresponds to the initial residual error sequences so as to account for the nonstationary noise in the deconvolved data. This new method of analysis, termed the SVD-based transient error method, produces high resolution estimates of the exponents of multicomponent signals at both low and high signal to noise (SNR) ratios.
Extracellular Amylase Production by Cassava-Fermenting Bacteria
(Springer-Verlag, 1987-07-01) Amund, Olukayode O.; gunsina, Olusola A. O.
Fermentation of cassava tubers was accompanied by a gradual decrease in pH, increased amylase activity in the steep liquor, and increased microbial load and lactic acid concentration. Amylase-producing bacterial strains associated with cassava fermentation were isolated and identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus cereus. The pH optima for the partially purified enzymes of these organisms were 7.0, 5.5 and 7.5, whilst their temperature optima were 30, 37 and 80 oC. There was no significant difference in amylase activities when starch, dextrin, amylopectin, glucose and maltose were used as growth substrates.
Social mobilisation: tool for effective grassroots communication for national transformation
(Africa Media Review, 1990)
The thesis of this paper is that meaningful and lasting development can only be based on the mobilisation of our people for effective transformation of the developmental process. However, the continuing search by Nigeria since independence for more dynamic, efficient and relevant strategies of'achieving real development does imply frustration with past attempts as well as our inability to maximally and positively exploit these resources for the upliftment and well-being of the Nigerian people. This has resulted in the marginalisation of the vast majority of the people in the transformation process, particularly because of the low level of their education and, therefore, low consciousness which not only made them vulnerable to fraudulent manipulations by politicians, but has created among them a culture of helplessness, apathy and indifference about the happenings in the political and economic process.
Microbial Rotting and Preservation of Banana Fruits (Musa Sapientum L.) in Nigeria
(The faculty press, Cambridge, 1990) Okonkvvo, Ussana N.; Amund, Olukayode O.; Ogunsanya, Caroline O.
The bacterial and fungal pathogens associated with the watery rot of banana fruits were isolated and identified. The bacterial pathogens were Pediococcus sp., Propionibacterium sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The fungal pathogens which also showed cellulolytic activities were Botryodiplodia theobromae, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus sp. These organisms caused rot at room temperature but were unable to cause rot at 5 oC and 10 oC. Banana fruit rot was generally prevented at relative humidities of 10, 50, 80, 90 and 100 %, except that Botryodiplodia theobromae caused rot at 10, 50, and 80% RH. Microbial infection of healthy fruit resulted in a depletion of the total carbohydrate, crude protein, reducing sugar, free fatty acid and ascorbic acid contents. There was an increase in the total lipid and moisture contents of spoilt fruits. Preservation of banana fruits with fungicides and chemical preservatives was investigated. The use of fungicidal wax emulsion was observed to delay fruit ripening and prevented moisture loss thereby controlling the onset of rot.
Purification and properties of a neutral protease produced by Lactobacillus brevis
(Elsevier, 1990-03-01) Amund, Olukayode O.; Omidiji, O.
A proteolytic enzyme was produced by a strain of Lactobacillus brevis isolated from an oriental beverage. The enzyme was extracted and purified 50-fold by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The optimum pH for the enzyme was 7.0, the optimum temperature 35°C and the molecular weight 34,674 Da. Furthermore, the enzyme was stimulated by cations including Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ and inhibited by Zn2+ and Co2+ ions. Other inhibitors were EDTA, ascorbic acid and citric acid. The enzyme is probably a neutral metalloprotease.
Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Under Tropical Estuarine Conditions
(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990-09) Amund, Olukayode O.; Igiri, C. O.
The physic-chemical parameters of water samples collected from three points in the Lagos lagoon were studied for 12 months. Salinity varied seasonally but the temperature, pH, dissolved O2, conductivity, NO3 and HPO42- concentrations were relatively constant. There was a direct proportionality between the population density of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria and the oil content of water samples. Twelve hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria were isolated by selective enrichment and characterized as species of Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Acinetobacter and Bacillus. The organisms grew mainly on long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons. Laboratory and field biodegradation studies showed both quantitative and qualitative changes in the hydrocarbon content of crude oil due to microbial degradative activities and a faster rate of oil depletion from the Lagos lagoon during the rainy season. The results obtained could offer a predictive model for estimating the rate of disappearance of petroleum hydrocarbons from the tropical estuarine environment.
Purification and Properties of a Neutral Protease Produced by Lactobaccillus Brevis
(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990-09-01) Ilori, Matthew O.; Amund, Olukayode O.; Omidiji, O.
An extracellular glucose-forming amylase was produced by Lactobacillus brevis isolated from ‘Kagasok tea’. The enzyme was purified 70-fold and had optimal activity at 55 oC and pH 6.5. Its Km value for starch was 0.27 mg ml-1 and its M, was approx. 75,900 Da. The activity of the enzyme was enhanced by Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ or K+ and inhibited by EDTA, KCN, citric acid and L-cysteine.
Occurrence and Distribution of Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria in a Polluted Lagoon
(The faculty press, Cambridge, 1991) Esiobu, N.; Amund, Olukayode O.; Fakile, O. O.; Popoola, O. H.
The presence and distribution of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the sediment and water from four strategic points on the Lagos Lagoon were assessed using the most probable number technique. All the samples were positive for the dissimilatory sulphate reducers. The relative occurrence varied markedly with the site and pollution status. The least polluted end of the lagoon recorded the lowest number of SRB in both sediment (4.23x102 SRB/ml) and water (28 SRB/ml) while the most polluted site receiving sewage and domestic wastes harboured numbers as high as 5.71x103 and 7.6x104 SRB/ml for water and sediment sasmples, respectively. The occurrence of sulphate-reducing bacteria in such numbers indicated that this environment favoured biocorrosion of buried and immersed metals. The active involvement of these organisms in the syngenesis of sulphur, metallic sulphides and the general biodegradation of pollutants in this ecosystem is discussed.